LA INTERVENCIÓN ESTERILIZADA EN EL MERCADO CAMBIARIO COMO INSTRUMENTO DEL RÉGIMEN DE METAS DE INFLACIÓN. EL CASO DE LA ECONOMÍA MEXICANA 2000-2015

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo principal evaluar y medir el grado de intervención esterilizada que realiza el banco central en el mercado cambiario y la movilidad de los flujos de capital por parte de los inversionistas internacionales. Para ello estimaremos un coeficiente de intervención esterilizada y otro coeficiente de compensación mediante la técnica de mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas (MC2E). Una de las características principales del régimen de metas de inflación es que la meta inflacionaria se obtiene mediante estrategias no establecidas en el nuevo consenso macroeconómico (NCM) lo cual lleva a incumplimiento de los principales supuestos del marco teórico de metas de inflación entre uno de estos es la violación del supuesto de paridad de tasas de interés la falta de este permite al banco central usar dos instrumentos que son; las operaciones de mercado abierto en el mercado de dinero y la intervención esterilizada en el mercado cambiario

Diseño del posgrado STEM de formación del profesorado ICE-UPC basado en competencias

In this paper we describe a higher education teacher training programme developed by the Institute of Education Sciences of our university (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · BarcelonaTech). The methodology for designing the programme was based on identifying the skills that a teacher should develop and analyzing previous training programmes. Finally, we analyse the first results obtained from the teaching of this programme.Este artículo se incluye en un proyecto de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya para implementar un programa de formación del profesorado universitario basado en las competencias del mismo. El proceso se realiza a partir del análisis de las competencias docentes: tras estudiar con anterioridad qué competencias debería tener un docente e implementar una primera versión del programa de formación, se diseña la estructura del programa y se analizan los primeros resultados de su impartición.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

El gasto regional por funciones: Análisis y clasificación de las ccaa

El objetivo de la financiación autonómica es dotar a las regiones de los recursos para financiar las competencias transferidas, sin embargo, nos parecía que una cuestión que había sido poco tratada por la literatura era el comportamiento del gasto autonómico por funciones, por esta razón el objetivo principal de este trabajo es el análisis de los gastos de las CCA según dicha clasificación, durante el período comprendido entre los años 1989 y 2002. El estudio se estructura en dos partes diferenciadas, aunque complementarias: por una parte se calcula un índice de disimilitud, en concreto el que emplean Sanz y Velázquez (2002) para, en una segunda parte, realizar una clasificación de las CCA de régimen común según la estructura funcional del gasto. El estudio nos permite extraer conclusiones sobre las siguientes cuestiones: qué gastos explican las similitudes entre CCAA , qué regiones se asemejan en cuanto a la composición del gasto, y si en el periodo analizado se ha producido una convergencia de las regiones por tipos de gasto o si, por el contrario, las diferencias han ido aumentando

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity in Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education by a FPU ("Formacion Profesorado Universitario") grant for the authors Andres Calvache-Mateo and Laura Lopez-Lopez (grant number, FPU:19/02609, FPU:17/00408).The management of chronic diseases (CD) includes physical activity (PA). It is necessary to determine the effects of COVID-19 restrictions in CD. The aim was to review the research related to PA levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in people with CD. This review was designed according to PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020218825. The search was performed in CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2021. The PICOS recommendations were applied. The search was conducted by two reviewers, who completed the data extraction of included articles. Methodological quality was assessed using the STROBE checklist, and a meta-analysis was conducted. The literature search strategy identified 227 articles. Five studies remained and were included. Only three studies were included in the meta-analysis. Two articles used accelerometers to objectively compare PA levels before and during the pandemic. Three studies made this comparison using an online survey. All articles showed a decrease in PA levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. The meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in PA levels during pandemic. PA levels during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reduced with respect to previous levels of PA in patients with CD.German Research Foundation (DFG) FPU:19/02609 FPU:17/0040

The role of the stromal extracellular matrix in the development of pterygium pathology: an update

22 p.Pterygium is a benign fibrovascular lesion of the bulbar conjunctiva with frequent involvement of the corneal limbus. Its pathogenesis has been mainly attributed to sun exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation. Obtained evidence has shown that it is a complex and multifactorial process which involves multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints, induction of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, angiogenic stimulation, extracellular matrix (ECM) disorders, and, most likely, viruses and hereditary changes. In this review, we aim to collect all authors? experiences and our own, with respect to the study of fibroelastic ECM of pterygium. Collagen and elastin are intrinsic indicators of physiological and pathological states. Here, we focus on an in-depth analysis of collagen (types I and III), as well as the main constituents of elastic fibers (tropoelastin (TE), fibrillins (FBNs), and fibulins (FBLNs)) and the enzymes (lysyl oxidases (LOXs)) that carry out their assembly or crosslinking. All the studies established that changes in the fibroelastic ECM occur in pterygium, based on the following facts: An increase in the synthesis and deposition of an immature form of collagen type III, which showed the process of tissue remodeling. An increase in protein levels in most of the constituents necessary for the development of elastic fibers, except FBLN4, whose biological roles are critical in the binding of the enzyme LOX, as well as FBN1 for the development of stable elastin. There was gene overexpression of TE, FBN1, FBLN5, and LOXL1, while the expression of LOX and FBLN2 and -4 remained stable. In conclusion, collagen and elastin, as well as several constituents involved in elastic fiber assembly are overexpressed in human pterygium, thus, supporting the hypothesis that there is dysregulation in the synthesis and crosslinking of the fibroelastic component, constituting an important pathogenetic mechanism for the development of the disease.CIBER-BB

Radiotherapy-Related Fatigue Associated Impairments in Lung Cancer Survivors during COVID-19 Voluntary Isolation

The author Alejandro Heredia Ciuro and the author Laura Lopez Lopez have received financial support through a FPU ("Formacion Profesorado Universitario") grant of the Spanish Ministry of Education (Spain), (FPU: 17/00408, and FPU: 20/01670).The main objective of this study was to investigate the impairments presented after COVID-19 voluntary isolation by lung cancer survivors that experienced radiotherapy-related fatigue. In this observational study, data were collected after COVID-19 voluntary isolation. Patients were divided into two groups according to their fatigue severity reported with the Fatigue Severity Scale. Health status was assessed by the EuroQol-5D, anxiety and depression by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and disability by theWorld Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. A total of 120 patients were included in the study. Patients with severe fatigue obtained higher impairment results compared to patients without severe fatigue, with significant differences in all the variables (p < 0.05). Lung cancer survivors who experienced severe radiotherapy-related fatigue presented higher impairments after COVID-19 voluntary isolation than lung cancer patients who did not experience severe radiotherapy-related fatigue, and showed high levels of anxiety, depression and disability, and a poor self-perceived health status.FPU ("Formacion Profesorado Universitario") grant of the Spanish Ministry of Education (Spain) FPU: 17/00408 FPU: 20/0167

Uso de internet y ansiedad social

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación son un elemento clave en la evolución de la sociedad y, por ello, en la formación en los estudios universitarios la inmersión digital se hace cada vez más necesaria para la posible continuidad en los estudios. La exigencia por el dominio de la competencia digital, por tanto, es imprescindible para la educación y la sociedad actual, lo que puede conllevar problemas psicoeducativos de distinta índole como es la ansiedad social, es decir, el miedo ante el escrutinio de los demás. Ante este marco, el presente estudio fue diseñado para identificar las diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ansiedad social entre el alumnado que más usa internet frente a los estudiantes que lo usan menos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 3.060 participantes universitarios de edades comprendidas entre los 19 y 24 años. Se analizaron las competencias digitales mediante la variable uso de internet del Test Ikanos y la ansiedad social que se evaluó a través Social Anxiety Scale For Adolescents (SAS-A). El análisis estadístico empleado fue el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y la regresión logística por pasos adelante mediante el estadístico de Wald, proporcionando como resultados que la Odd Ratio (OR) variaba entre .93 y .98. En conclusión, los estudiantes que indicaron que utilizaban internet ocasionalmente presentaron puntuaciones más altas en ansiedad social que sus compañeros que la utilizaban a diario

Evaluación histopatológica en modelo murino suplementado con creatina

Creatine is a natural nutrient, made up of three amino acids (glycine, arginine and methionine), it can be synthesized endogenously in the pancreas, liver and kidney, or it can also be obtained from the diet with the consumption of foods of animal origin (meat and fish), 95 percent of the creatine in the body can be located in skeletal muscle. The objective of the work was to determine histologically the effect of creatine (α-methyl guanido-acetic acid or creatine monohydrate) in a mouse model. As a methodology, an experimental, longitudinal, analytical and descriptive study was carried out, 3 groups of animals with 5 each were used, in which 3 different doses of creatine were tested for 60 days, at the end of the time they were sacrificed and anthropometric measurements were obtained. and histological sections. The results showed that there is obesity in the study groups, in terms of histology, the microscopic images observed in the control groups did not show global abnormalities in their structural morphology, indicating that the manipulation and/or exposure times did not modify the architecture of the muscle, large intestine, pancreas, liver, kidney, skin, lung, and small intestine. It can be concluded that at the doses used, creatine is safe.La creatina es un nutriente natural, formado por tres aminoácidos (glicina, arginina y metionina), se puede sintetizar endógenamente en páncreas, hígado y riñón, o también se pude obtener dentro de la dieta con el consumo de alimentos de origen animal (carnes y pescado), el 95 por ciento de la creatina en el organismo se puede localizar en el musculo esquelético. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar histológicamente el efecto de la creatina (ácido α-metil guanido-acético o monohidrato de creatina) en modelo murino. Como metodología se realizó un estudio experimental, longitudinal, analítico y descriptivo, se utilizaron 3 grupos de animales con 5 cada uno, en los cuales durante 60 días se probaron 3 diferentes dosis de creatina, al término del tiempo se sacrificaron y se obtuvieron medidas antropométricas y cortes histológicos. Los resultados arrojaron que existe obesidad en los grupos de estudio, en cuanto a la histología las imágenes microscópicas observadas de los grupos control no mostraron anormalidades globales en su morfología estructural, indicando que la manipulación y/o los tiempos de exposición no modificaron la arquitectura del musculo, intestino grueso, páncreas, hígado, riñón, piel, pulmón e intestino delgado. Se puede concluir que a las dosis utilizadas la creatina es segura

An In Silico Approach to Enzymatic Synthesis of Fucooligosaccharides Using α-L-Fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima

Abstract: Fucooligosaccharides comprise the primary group of human milk oligosaccharides. Due to their beneficial properties, a series of synthetic methods have been proposed to obtain them. Enzy- matic methods show great promise, and α-L-fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima has emerged as a powerful catalyst for their production. Nonetheless, the enzyme’s limited substrate scope has de- layed its wider application. The present work aims to compare the relative reactivity of fucose, pNP-fucose, and ethyl-fucose, while also exploring the molecular interactions of these fucosyl-donors with the enzyme through a combination DFT and docking analysis. The HOMO-LUMO band gaps range from −7.14571 to −4.24429 eV, with α/β-pNP-fucose and α-fucose being the three most reactive compounds. Moderate association energies between −6.4 to −5.5 kcal·mol−1 were found in the dock- ing analysis, with α-pNP-fucose and both anomers of ethyl-fucose demonstrating the poorest affinity. In the case of α/β-lactose affinity to the β-fucose/enzyme complex, no significant differ- ences were shown. We conclude that the best fucosyl-donors for transfucosylation are those that maintain an enzyme affinity and reactivity similar to pNP-fucose