ACESSO À JUSTIÇA EM CAPPELLETTI/GARTH E BOAVENTURA DE SOUZA SANTOS

O acesso à justiça é um direito fundamental e humano marcado por barreiras na sua efetivação ao longo dos tempos. São obstáculos econômicos, sociais ou culturais, em conjunto ou isoladamente. A superação dessas dificuldades requer ampliação não apenas dos caminhos de acesso, mas, do próprio conceito de acesso à justiça. Cappelletti e Garth se aprofundaram nas problemáticas do acesso à justiça, e, no Relatório do Projeto Florença, amplamente difundido pela metáfora das três ondas, apresentam soluções e propostas. Boaventura de Souza Santos também se debruça sobre o assunto e propõe uma concepção democrática e inovadora em sua obra “Para uma revolução democrática da justiça”. Ante a relevância das obras, o presente trabalho visa encontrar os pontos de intersecção nas teorias de Cappelletti e Garth e Boaventura de Souza Santos e contextualizar com a atual situação do acesso à justiça no Brasil, buscando compreender o reflexo das propostas na formação da concepção de justiça brasileira. A pesquisa é descritiva e bibliográfica e adota as obras citadas como marco teórico. Primeiramente será feita uma explanação sobre o Projeto Florença, destacando as barreiras e as soluções apontadas. A seguir, abordar-se-á a concepção revolucionária de acesso à justiça de Boaventura de Souza Santos, destacando os pontos de encontro entre as referidas ideias. Por fim, traça-se um panorama da concepção tradicional à nova concepção de acesso à justiça no cenário jurídico brasileiro sob a influência das reformas apontadas pelos pesquisadores

Analisis Kesesuaian Instrumen Psat Dengan HOTS Mapel Ekonomi Kelas X SMA Muahammadiyah 1 Sragen

This research is to find out and describe "Instrument Needs Analysis with HOTS Economics Subject Class X SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Sragen". This type of research is qualitative research using a case study approach. This research was carried out at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Sragen for the 2022/2023 academic year. The data analysis technique used in this qualitative research uses data reduction analysis, data display and conclusion drawing/verification. By using interview and documentation data collection techniques. Based on research that has been conducted, it shows that: 1) teachers' ability to compose HOTS questions is still lacking and needs guidance because so far in practice in the field teachers have not implemented or gotten used to carrying out a HOTS-oriented teaching and learning process and have not trained themselves in compiling questions that measure level thinking. The student's height corresponds to Bloom's cognitive 2 domain, namely analyzing, evaluating and creating. 2) there are five factors that influence the low ability of teachers in preparing HOTS questions in class one cause is the teacher's lack of ability in compiling HOTS questions, lack of understanding in compiling HOTS questions, and not utilizing MGMP as a forum for compiling PSAT questions that have HOTS characteristics, 3) Based on the results of the analysis, findings were obtained, namely that 50 questions were found that did not meet the question criteria. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills), where from the results of cognitive level analysis to determine students' critical thinking skills, there are 0% (HOTS) and 100% (LOTS) in the 50 questions where the questions cannot measure students' critical thinking abilities

Hawkmoth fauna (lepidoptera, sphingidae) of upland rainforest on a disturbed area in state of Amazonas, Brazil

Abundance, richness, flight hour, sex ratio of Sphingidae were recorded at Itacoatiara, State of Amazonas, on a disturbed area of upland rainforest brazilian Amazon during thirten months (40 nights) between july/1990 - july/1991. 61 species including all collected material were obtained with predominance of Dilophonotini (29 species) followed by Sphingini (14), Philampelini (7), Smerinthini (6) and Macroglossini (5). The community of Sphingidae is compared with others localities data of Neotropical region (South and Central America).Abundância, riqueza, horário de vôo, razão sexual de Sphingidae são estudadas no Município de Itacoatiara, Estado do Amazonas, em área perturbada de terra-firme na Amazônia brasileira, durante treze meses consecutivos (40 noites), entre julho/1990 - julho/1991. Obteve-se 61 espécies, incluindo todo material coletado, com a predominância de Dilophonotini (29 espécies), seguida por Sphingini (14), Philampelini (7), Smerinthini (6) e Macroglossini (5). A comunidade de Sphingidae é comparada com dados de outras localidades da região Neotropical (Américas do Sul e Central)

A rare association of crossed fused renal ectopia

BACKGROUND: Thrombocytopenia and absent radius syndrome (TAR) is a rare genetic disorder. It is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by radial aplasia and thrombocytopenia that may have additional anomalies. We report a case of TAR syndrome with crossed fused renal ectopia. This anomaly has not been previously reported in association with TAR syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24 years old female with Thrombocytopenia and absent radius syndrome admitted with pelvic fracture was investigated for recurrent urinary tract infections. Abdominal ultrasonography could not visualise the kidney on right side. Further extensive investigations in the form of intravenous urography (IVU), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and renal isotope scans revealed a crossed fused renal ectopia. CONCLUSION: This report describes the new finding of a crossed fused renal ectopia associated with TAR syndrome that has not been reported before in the literature. Ectopic kidneys have increased susceptibility to develop complications like urinary infections, urolithiasis, and abdominal mass. There is a reported case of TAR syndrome with renal anomaly that developed Wilm's tumor. Finding of crossed fused renal ectopia warrants complete urologic investigation to rule out surgically correctable pathology in the urinary tract

Genomic Variation and Its Impact on Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster

Understanding the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation is one of the great outstanding challenges in biology. To meet this challenge, comprehensive genomic variation maps of human as well as of model organism populations are required. Here, we present a nucleotide resolution catalog of single-nucleotide, multi-nucleotide, and structural variants in 39 Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel inbred lines. Using an integrative, local assembly-based approach for variant discovery, we identify more than 3.6 million distinct variants, among which were more than 800,000 unique insertions, deletions (indels), and complex variants (1 to 6,000 bp). While the SNP density is higher near other variants, we find that variants themselves are not mutagenic, nor are regions with high variant density particularly mutation-prone. Rather, our data suggest that the elevated SNP density around variants is mainly due to population-level processes. We also provide insights into the regulatory architecture of gene expression variation in adult flies by mapping cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs) for more than 2,000 genes. Indels comprise around 10% of all cis-eQTLs and show larger effects than SNP cis-eQTLs. In addition, we identified two-fold more gene associations in males as compared to females and found that most cis-eQTLs are sex-specific, revealing a partial decoupling of the genomic architecture between the sexes as well as the importance of genetic factors in mediating sex-biased gene expression. Finally, we performed RNA-seq-based allelic expression imbalance analyses in the offspring of crosses between sequenced lines, which revealed that the majority of strong cis-eQTLs can be validated in heterozygous individuals

Cost‐effectiveness and cost‐utility evaluation of individual vs. group transdiagnostic psychological treatment for emotional disorders in primary care (PsicAP‐Costs): a multicentre randomized controlled trial protocol

Background: Emotional disorders are common, and they have become more prevalent since the COVID‐19 pan‐ demic. Due to a high attendance burden at the specialized level, most emotional disorders in Spain are treated in primary care, where they are usually misdiagnosed and treated using psychotropic drugs. This contributes to perpetu‐ ate their illness and increase health care costs. Following the IAPT programme and the transdiagnostic approach, the PsicAP project developed a brief group transdiagnostic cognitive‐behavioural therapy (tCBT) as a cost‐effective alternative. However, it is not suitable for everyone; in some cases, one‐on‐one sessions may be more effective. The objective of the present study is to compare, in cost‐benefit terms, group and individual tCBT with the treatment usu‐ ally administered in Spanish primary care (TAU). Methods: A randomized, controlled, multicentre, and single‐blinded trial will be performed. Adults with mild to moderate emotional disorders will be recruited and placed in one of three arms: group tCBT, individual tCBT, or TAU. Medical data and outcomes regarding emotional symptoms, disability, quality of life, and emotion regulation biases will be collected at baseline, immediately after treatment, and 6 and 12 months later. The data will be used to calcu‐ late incremental cost‐effectiveness and cost‐utility ratios. Discussion: This trial aims to contribute to clinical practice research. The involvement of psychologists in primary care and the implementation of a stepped‐care model for mental disorders are recommended. Group therapy and a transdiagnostic approach may help optimize health system resources and unblock waiting lists so that people can spend less time experiencing mental health problems. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04847310; Protocols.io: bx2npqde. (April 19, 2021

Thermodynamics In Nests Of Two Melipona Species In Brasil

Thermodynamics within 10 nests of Melipona rufiventris and M. seminigra were recorded during 48 horurs with thermocouple probes. Strikingly similar patterns were found for both species. Homeostasis did not occur; temperatures within the brood area, honey and pollen stored in pots and nest cavity space all followed ambient temperature fluctuations. Nest temperatures were consistently higher than ambient in all portions of the nest except the upper extremith of vertically elongate hives. Near the brood, temperature fluctuations were damped and displayed a time lag of one to two hours in following ambient temperature. The thoracic temperature of resting worker bees was near 34°C, and the average brood temperature was 31 - 32°. The involucrum surrounding the brood retained a portion of radiated heat from immatures and workers resting between combs, and brood temperature was two to three degrees higher than internal nest temperature immediately outside the involucrum. The brood chamber, the largest nest structure, contained from 2000 to 6000 immatures, and adult bee populations were less than 1000. The brood nest acts as a heat source at the base of the nest and dissipates heat upwards, creating a thermal gradient. Immature bees appear to supply most of the heat for the nest, and excess heat is shunted by fanning workers through the nest entrance, usually connected to the brood area. There is no evidence of evaporative cooling from water brought into the nest in these or other species of Meliponinae.A termodinâmica em 10 ninhos de Molipona rufiventris paraensis e Melipona seminigra merrillae foi registrada através de sensores termoelétricos. Padrões similares foram encontrados para ambas as espécies. Aparentemente não ocorre homeostasis, já que as temperaturas internas registradas da câmara de cría, dos potes de armazenamento de mel e de pólen e a do espaço da cavidade do ninho todos acompanhavam as flutuações da temperatura do meio ambiente. No entanto, as temperaturas registradas no ninho foram consideravelmente mais altas que as do meio ambiente em todas as porções do mesmo fazendo exceção a extremidade superior das colmeias verticais. Perto da cría as flutuações de temperatura acompanhavam as flutuações extranidais (do meio ambiente) com uma defasagem de 1 a 2 horas. A temperatura torácica das operárias pousadas nos favos foi perto de 34°C e a média da cría entre 31° e 32°C. O invólucro ao redor da cría retínha uma porção da radiação térmica dos imaturos e das operárias pousadas entre os favos e a temperatura da cría foi de 2 a 3°C mais alta do que a temperatura do ninho imediatamente fora do invólucro. A câmara de cría continha de 2.000 a 6.000 imaturos e a população de adultos foi menor do que 1.000. A cría do ninho atua como uma fonte térmica na base do ninho dissipando calor para a câmara criando um gradiente térmico. As abelhas imaturas parecem acrescentar mais energia térmica para o ninho

A method for obtaining the tesseract by unraveling the 4D hypercube

This article presents a method for unraveling the hypercube and obtaining the 3D-cross (tesseract) that corresponds to the hyper-flattening of its boundary. The hypercube can be raveled back using the method in an inverse way. Also a method for visualizing the processes is presented. The transformations to apply include rotations around a plane (characteristic of the 4D space). All these processes can be viewed using a computer animation system