Under which conditions is carrier cooperation possible? A case study in a Seville marketplace

The high volume of traffic originates two well-known problems in many cities: congestion and pollution. In recent years, a social phenomenon is emerging cooperation. This work is aimed at evaluating the circumstances under which transport cooperation is possible between different stakeholders operating in the same geographical area. To this end, a double survey process was conducted in a marketplace situated in the Seville City (Spain) centre. The first survey was designed to know the characteristics of the retailers and their preferences with respect to cooperation and regulations. A relational analysis between retailer features and their willingness to cooperate was carried out. After analysing the motivations for non-cooperation, a mixed proposal was designed and surveyed. Although the research was limited to a marketplace, the relevant data gathered from this double survey process highlights some implications: (a) the importance of personal relations in retailer cooperation; (b) a high volume of freight and the use of vans as on-street warehouses appear as significant motivations for non-cooperation; (c) forcing changes in the statu quo encourages cooperation.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) TEC2013-47286-C3-3-

A viral system to optimise the daily drayage problem

The intermodal transport chain can become more efficient by means of a good organisation of the drayage movements. Drayage in intermodal container terminals involves the pick up or delivery of containers at customer locations, and the main objective is normally the assignment of transportation tasks to the different vehicles, often with the presence of time windows. This paper focuses on a new approach to tackle the daily drayage problem by the use of viral system (VS). VS is a novel bio-inspired approach that makes use of a virus-infection biological analogy that is producing very satisfactory results when dealing with complex problems with huge feasibility region.Unión Europea TEC2013-47286-C3-3-

National Deadlock. Hot Nationalism, Dual Identities and Catalan Independence (2008–2019)

The article explores the transformations of Spanish and Catalan national identities and the growth of the pro-independence movement in Catalonia following the 2008 global recession. It argues that the Great Recession provided a new historical context of hot nationalism in which Catalanist narratives of loss and resistance began to ring true to large sectors of Catalan society, whereas the Spanish constitutionalist narratives seemed increasingly outdated. The article also shows the limits of the process of mass nationalization by both the Catalan and the Spanish governments and the eventual ‘crystallization’ of an identity and political divide between pro and anti-independence supporters which split Catalan society down the middle and led to a sort of national identity deadlock.This research was funded by Research group IT-708-13 and MINECO HAR2017–83955-P research projec

La segunda generación en Madrid: un estudio longitudinal

La segunda generación de inmigrantes en España tiene modestas aspiraciones educativas y ocupacionales y no se siente aún española. En este ARI se sintetizan los resultados preliminares de la primera fase de un estudio longitudinal sobre la adaptación social y económica de los hijos de inmigrantes –la segunda generación– en España. La fase inicial del estudio consiste en una muestra estadísticamente representativa de estudiantes de segunda generación en colegios de las áreas metropolitanas de Madrid y Barcelona, incluyendo tanto colegios públicos como concertados. El documento incluye los resultados iniciales del estudio en Madrid

Hacerse adulto en España : autoidentificación, creencias y autoestima de los hijos de inmigrantes

Revisamos la literatura sobre los determinantes de las autoidentidades étnico-nacionales y de las autoestimas como preludio del examen de estos resultados en una amplia muestra estadísticamente representativa de adolescentes de segunda generación en Madrid y Barcelona. A pesar de que estos resultados psicosociales resultan maleables, siguen representando unas importantes dimensiones de la adaptación de los inmigrantes y pueden acarrear consecuencias significativas, tanto para la movilidad individual como para las movilidades colectivas. Las teorías actuales se basan en buena parte en información proveniente de los Estados Unidos y de otros países anglófonos. La disponibilidad de un nuevo y amplio estudio español nos permite comprobar esas teorías en un contexto sociocultural completamente diferente. El análisis concluye con un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que resume los principales determinantes de las identidades y las autoestimas nacionales entre los hijos de inmigrantes en España. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de estos hallazgos.We review the literature on determinants of ethnic/national self-identities and self-esteem as a prelude to examining these outcomes among a large, statistically representative sample of second generation adolescents in Madrid and Barcelona. While these psycho-social outcomes are malleable, they still represent important dimensions of immigrant adaptation and can have significant consequences both for individual mobility and collective mobilizations. Current theories are largely based on data from the USA and other Anglophone countries. The availability of a new large Spanish survey allows us to test those theories in an entirely different socio-cultural context. The analysis concludes with a structural equations model that summarizes key determinants of national identities and self-esteem among children of immigrants in Spain. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed

Mixed clutches in Montagu's harrier Circus pygargus nests: a maladaptive brood parasitism by galliform birds

Cases of mixed clutches in raptor nests are very scarce in the literature. Among 279 harrier nests monitored between 1991–1996 and 2010–2011 in two different areas of central Spain, quail eggs were found in one harrier nest, and 13 others contained partridge eggs. Harrier eggs were smaller in nests which contained galliformeggs, and therefore more similar in size and appearance to the foreign eggs, which may suggest a maladaptative behaviour on the part of the galliforms.Peer reviewe

Annual report on Sunspot Counting Program 2014

Este programa observación nació a finales del año 2012 en la Universidad de Extremadura con el fin de ampliar aún más nuestra investigación en la reconstrucción de la actividad solar. Desde el 1 de Enero de 2013, nuestros recuentos de manchas solares se han presentado al Real Observatorio de Bélgica (ROB) como contribución a los esfuerzos internacionales de mantener y actualizar el número internacional de Manchas Solares. Para ello, hemos utilizado un pequeño refractor apocromático de 80 mm de diámetro de objetivo y 550 mm de longitud focal, a fin de proyectar una imagen de 150 mm de diámetro en una plantilla. Este informe proporciona un conjunto completo de los datos obtenidos durante el año 2014, con cuatro tablas que muestran nuestros datos. Por otra parte, el índice de referencia de las manchas solares se compara con nuestros resultados. Esperamos que esta publicación sea de utilidad a la comunidad científica que estudia el número de manchas solares: la mayor serie de índices solares derivadas de la observación directa del Sol.This program was born in late 2012 at the University of Extremadura in order to further extend our research in the reconstruction of past solar activity. Since 1st January 2013, our sunspot counts have been submitted to the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB) as a contribution to the international effort of maintaining and updating the International Sunspot Number. For this purpose, we have used a small apochromatic refractor –80mm of objective diameter and 550mm of focal length– to project a 150mm diameter image onto a template. In this report, we provide a complete set of data obtained throughout the year 2014, with four Tables showing our data. Moreover, the reference sunspot index is compared with our results. We hope that this publication be useful to the scientific community studying the sunspot number: the longest solar index series derived from direct observation of the Sun

Propagación vegetativa del ciprés de la cordillera, una especie vulnerable del bosque subantártico de Sudamérica

Increasing risks of loosing forest genetic resources and the need for a sustainable quality wood supply make focusing research efforts on undomesticated tree species necessary. The study of their genetic variation in vegetative propagation ability and the development of practical methodologies to obtain genetic copies are essential tools for conservation and breeding programs. patagonian cypress Austrocedrus chilensis is a vulnerable conifer native to the subantarctic forest of South America, with high ecological importance and economical potential. Its genetic diversity, mostly sheltered within unprotected populations, is seriously threatened. This work examined the ability of different genotypes of A. chilensis from xeric, mesic and humid populations to propagate asexually by stem rooting and scion grafting. The influence of exogenous auxins, season of cutting collection, ontogenetic stage of the donor plants, grafting season, and type of scions, was analyzed. Stem rooting ability was found to be poor both for adult (average = 0.27%) and juvenile ortets (average = 2.10%). Only one treatment, a juvenile progeny from a xeric provenance, showed remarkable results with 33.33% of rooting capacity. Grafting showed good results in early spring experiment using vigorous semi-hardwood scions, with an average of 80.95% of successful grafts. Compatibility between genotypes from different provenances used as scion and rootstock was found to be wide. These results indicate that although A. chilensis is a difficult-to-root species, its vegetative propagation by means of scion grafting is feasible using low cost technologyLos crecientes riesgos de pérdida de recursos genéticos forestales y la necesidad de una producción sostenible de madera de calidad hacen necesario orientar la investigación hacia especies arbóreas nativas no domesticadas. Para rescatar la diversidad genética amenazada y como una importante herramienta para el mejoramiento genético, resulta necesario estudiar la capacidad de las especies para propagarse vegetativamente, así como desarrollar técnicas para obtener copias genéticas. El ciprés de la cordillera (Austrocedrus chilensis) es una conífera vulnerable del bosque subantártico de Sudamérica, de gran importancia ecológica y potencial económico. Su diversidad genética se encuentra seriamente amenazada. En este trabajo se examinó la capacidad de diferentes genotipos de poblaciones xéricas, mésicas y húmedas de A. chilensis, para propagarse asexualmente por enraizado de estacas y por injertos. Se analizó además la influencia de auxinas exógenas, de la estación de colecta, del estadio ontogénico de las plantas donantes, de la estación de injerto y del tipo de púa. La capacidad de enraizado fue muy pobre, tanto para ortets adultos (promedio = 0,27%) como para juveniles (promedio = 2,10%). Sólo una progenie juvenil de procedencia xérica mostró resultados remarcables, con 33% de enraizado. Los injertos mostraron buenos resultados a comienzos de primavera usando esquejes vigorosos y semileñosos, con un 80,95% de prendimiento. La compatibilidad entre genotipos de diferentes procedencias usados como púa y portainjertos fue amplia. Estos resultados indican que aunque A. chilensis es una especie de difícil enraizado, su propagación por injertos es factible utilizando tecnología de bajo costo.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Aparicio, Alejandro Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área de Recursos Forestales. Unidad de Genética Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área de Recursos Forestales. Unidad de Genética Forestal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Meier, Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área de Recursos Forestales. Unidad de Genética Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área de Recursos Forestales. Unidad de Genética Forestal; Argentin

Multi-Label Quantification

The work of A. Moreo and F. Sebastiani has been supported by the SoBigData++ project, funded by the European Commission (Grant 871042) under the H2020 Programme INFRAIA-2019-1, by the AI4Media project, funded by the European Commission (Grant 951911) under the H2020 Programme ICT-48-2020, and by the SoBigData.it and FAIR projects funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research under the NextGenerationEU program; the authors’ opinions do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agencies. The work of M. Francisco has been supported by the FPI 2017 predoctoral programme, from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), grant BES-2017-081202.Quantification, variously called supervised prevalence estimation or learning to quantify, is the supervised learning task of generating predictors of the relative frequencies (a.k.a. prevalence values) of the classes of interest in unlabelled data samples. While many quantification methods have been proposed in the past for binary problems and, to a lesser extent, single-label multiclass problems, the multi-label setting (i.e., the scenario in which the classes of interest are not mutually exclusive) remains by and large unexplored. A straightforward solution to the multi-label quantification problem could simply consist of recasting the problem as a set of independent binary quantification problems. Such a solution is simple but naïve, since the independence assumption upon which it rests is, in most cases, not satisfied. In these cases, knowing the relative frequency of one class could be of help in determining the prevalence of other related classes. We propose the first truly multi-label quantification methods, i.e., methods for inferring estimators of class prevalence values that strive to leverage the stochastic dependencies among the classes of interest in order to predict their relative frequencies more accurately. We show empirical evidence that natively multi-label solutions outperform the naïve approaches by a large margin. The code to reproduce all our experiments is available online.SoBigData++ project, funded by the European Commission (Grant 871042) under the H2020 Programme INFRAIA-2019-1AI4Media project, funded by the European Commission (Grant 951911) under the H2020 Programme ICT-48-2020SoBigData.it and FAIR projects funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research under the NextGenerationEU programPI 2017 predoctoral programme, from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), grant BES-2017-08120

¿Quiénes somos? Influencia de los padres en la identidad y la auto-estima de los jóvenes de segunda generación en España

We review the literature on determinants of ethnic/national self-identities and self-esteem as a prelude to examining these outcomes among a large, statistically representative sample of second generation adolescents in Madrid and Barcelona. While these psycho-social outcomes are malleable, they still represent important dimensions of immigrant adaptation and can have significant consequences both for individual mobility and collective mobilizations. Current theories are largely based on data from the United States and other Anglophone countries. The availability of a new large Spanish survey allows us to test those theories in an entirely different socio-cultural context. In addition to having data on close to seven thousand second generation youths, the study includes a survey of the parents, allowing us to examine directly how parental factors affect adolescent psycho-social outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications of results are discussed.Examinamos la literatura sobre los determinantes de las auto-identificaciones étnicas y nacionales y la autoestima como paso previo para el análisis de tales resultados en una muestra numerosa y estadísticamente representativa de adolescentes de segunda generación en Madrid y Barcelona. A pesar de que estas variables psico-sociales son altamente maleables en la adolescencia, representan de todos modos dimensiones importantes del proceso de adaptación de los hijos de inmigrantes con consecuencias potencialmente significativas para su avance individual y movilizaciones colectivas. Las teorías existentes sobre el tema se basan fundamentalmente en estudios conducidos en Estados Unidos y otros países anglófonos. La existencia de una nueva muestra de la segunda generación española nos permite poner a prueba estas teorías en un contexto socio-cultural enteramente distinto. Además de incluir datos sobre cerca de 7.000 jóvenes de segunda generación, el estudio incluye también una muestra representativa de sus padres. Esto nos permite examinar directamente cómo las características de los padres afecta a la adaptación psico-social de sus hijos. Se examinan las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de los resultados