1,494 research outputs found

    Dialogia em sala de aula: contribuições do desenvolvimento de debates e o uso de argumentação no ensino de Química

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    The present article analyzes the contributions of teaching practices that involve the use of debates and the development of argumentation in dialogue with investigations of the field of Chemical Education studies and researches. To this end, we raised the papers published at Química Nova na Escola since its foundation, in 1995, considering that this period is representative of the scientific production of the field. The analysis of the works was broadened, based on studies of language, which understand it as constitutive of the subjectivity (VIGOTSKI, 1934/2014; BAKHTIN, 2006, 2012). The results indicate, first, the contemporaneity of the theme, and second, that there is an agreement among the works analyzed about the articulation between the use of debates and the Science-Technology-Society (CTS) approach. The study allows us to point to the contributions of this perspective of pedagogical practice as an alternative to traditional teaching, also as a possibility of articulation between scientific development and society as a way of promoting critical sense development, reflective thinking, decision making and thought development.En el presente artículo analizamos las contribuciones de las prácticas docentes que implican el uso de debates y el desarrollo de la argumentación en el diálogo con las pesquisas del campo de estudios e investigaciones de la Educación Química. Con este fin, planteamos las publicaciones socializadas en la Revista Química Nova na Escola desde su fundación en 1995, considerando que este período es representativo de la producción científica de ese campo de conocimiento. El análisis de los trabajos se amplió, en base a estudios del campo del lenguaje, entendidos como constitutivos de la subjetividad de los sujetos (VIGOTSKI, 1934/2014; BAKHTIN, 2006, 2012). Los resultados indican, primero, la actualidad del tema y segundo que existe unanimidad entre los trabajos analizados en la articulación entre el uso de debates y el enfoque de Ciencia-Tecnología-Sociedad (CTS). El estudio nos permite señalar las contribuciones de esta perspectiva de la práctica pedagógica como una alternativa a la enseñanza tradicional como una posibilidad de articulación entre el desarrollo científico y la sociedad como una forma de promover el desarrollo del sentido crítico, el pensamiento reflexivo, la toma de decisiones y el desarrollo del pensamiento.No presente artigo analisamos as contribuições de práticas de ensino que envolvem o uso de debates e o desenvolvimento de argumentação em diálogo com investigações do campo de estudos e pesquisas da Educação Química. Para tanto, levantamos as publicações socializadas na Revista Química Nova na Escola desde a sua fundação em 1995, por considerarmos esse período representativo da produção científica daquele campo de conhecimento. A análise dos trabalhos foi ampliada, embasada em estudos do campo da linguagem, compreendida como constituidora da subjetividade dos sujeitos (VIGOTSKI, 1934/2014; BAKHTIN, 2006, 2012). Os resultados indicam, primeiro, a atualidade do tema e segundo que há uma unanimidade entre os trabalhos analisados na articulação entre o uso de debates e a abordagem Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS). O estudo desenvolvido nos permite acenar para as contribuições dessa perspectiva de prática pedagógica como alternativa ao ensino tradicional tanto como possibilidade de articulação entre o desenvolvimento científico e sociedade como caminho de promoção de desenvolvimento de senso crítico, pensamento reflexivo, tomada de decisão e desenvolvimento do pensamento

    Odontogenic tumors: clinical and pathology study of 238 cases

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    SummaryOdontogenic tumors are neoplasms that develops exclusively in the gnathic bones; they originate from odontogenic tissues, by epithelial or mesenchymal proliferation, or both.AimTo evaluate the incidence of odontogenic tumors in a specific institution, and to compare these findings with other studies in the literature.Study formatA cross-sectional cohort retrospective study.Material and methodThe sample was obtained from the files of patients with odontogenic tumors diagnosed between January 1992 and March 2007 (15 years). Cases in which the diagnosis could be adapted to the new World Health Organization (WHO) of 2005 were included. Data such as gender, age, anatomical site, histological type and symptomatology were analyzed.ResultsOdontogenic tumors were 4.76% of all biopsied lesions within the studied period. The mean age was 30.7 years; 57% of the patients were male. The keratocystic odontogenic tumor was the most prevalent histological type (30%), followed by the ameloblastoma (23,7%). The rate of asymptomatic cases was 75.7%.ConclusionOdontogenic tumors occurred more frequently in females, in the second and third decades of life, and more commonly in the mandible; most cases were asymptomatic

    POSSIBILIDADES DE CURRICULARIZAÇÃO EXTENSIONISTA: AULAS EXPERIMENTAIS DE QUÍMICA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

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    Nosso objetivo neste artigo é socializar uma experiência de curricularização da extensão que foi adaptada para ser desenvolvida de forma remota. Assim, analisamos as ações do projeto de extensão “Aprendendo Química na Unifesp” por meio da divulgação dos materiais produzidos e das falas de estudantes de educação básica participantes. Os resultados evidenciam a produção de vídeos de experimentos, podcasts e encontros coletivos para aplicação de experimentos com alunos de educação básica. Acreditamos que as contribuições do projeto de extensão estão relacionadas à formação dos licenciandos das unidades de Práticas Pedagógicas de Química I e II que tiveram que adaptar sua prática pedagógica para o contexto pandêmico e, também, aos alunos de educação básica que, isolados de sua casa, tiveram oportunidade de participar de atividades coletivas de experimentação

    Climate and relief analysis on particulate matter in Madrid (Spain) and Sao Paulo (Brazil)

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    O presente estudo pretende examinar as concentrações de material particulado (MP10) e material particulado fino (MP2,5) entre os anos de 2007 e 2018 em São Paulo e Madrid para apontar se as características geográficas, clima e relevo, exercem influência na acumulação desses poluentes. Para isso foram usadas técnicas de geoprocessamento na análise do terreno, dados climatológicos, os boletins de qualidade do ar, as leis sobre poluição atmosférica de cada cidade e as recomendações internacionais sobre o tema. O relevo e o clima das duas cidades são distintos, mas ambos favorecem a concentração de poluição. Ainda assim, nenhuma delas infringiu as legislações locais durante o período, apesar de estarem além do recomendado pela OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde).This study intends to verify the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10) and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2,5) between 2007 and 2018 in Sao Paulo and Madrid municipalities to point if geographical characteristics like relief and climate have any influence on air pollution. We used geoprocessing techniques to analyze the landscape, climate data, air quality reports, legislation about the theme of each municipality and the international recommendations about air quality. The relief and climate of both cities are distinct, but able to concentrate air pollution. Despite none of them, during this period has gone beyond the limits of law, they are far from WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations

    Femoral Orthopedic Implants in Dogs with Titanium - Mechanical Evaluation

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    ABSTRACTBackground: Orthopedic implants are commonly used for different types of surgical procedures to gain optimal function and to provide stability to both bones and tendon structures. When inserting these implants, the characteristics of the material are important for surgical success, and the ideal implant must be biocompatible and nonallergenic. However, when molding an implant to the bone structure, its resistance can change significantly. Implants can be temporary or permanent in the body, and metal possesses properties that make it acceptable for bone repair. In biomedical implants, 2 types are most common, commercially pure (CP)-Ti and Ti-6A1-4V. They both provide stable fixation and low risk of loosening. Implants made with the same material and composition can perform differently if the material has been altered by processing techniques for different scenarios. Stress, strain and elastic modulus are the primary metrics used in the description of implant materials. They can be calculated based on mechanical tests of specimens with defined geometry, most commonly tensile, bending and torsional tests. In order to better evaluate those changes, we compared the mechanical characteristics of titanium bone plates, before and after they were molded to the bone, to verify and quantify the loss of stiffness and resistance after molding the plate.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was prospective. Orthopedic implant made of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) were divided into 2 groups, one group without plate molding and the other with plate molding to a dog femora bone. Thirty-six plates of different sizes (5.0, 6.5, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0 and 11.0-mm diameter) were divided into 6 groups containing 6 plates of each size and submitted to the 4-point flexion test of resistance, using a piece of dog femur (weights of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg) as the bone in which the molding was performed. The evaluations were tabulated and analyzed using the program GraphPad Prism version 5.0. Corrections of the normal distribution curve were made using the Bartlett test. After the corrections, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with P < 0.05. Assessments were made within the group and between groups. Subsequently, the Newman-Keuls test was performed, adopting P < 0.05. For analyses in 2 groups, Student's t-test was performed as a post-test, also with P < 0.05. When the plates were compared between equal sizes of groups 1 and 2, the non-molded plate group (G1) obtained the best results in the flexural stiffness and structural flexion tests. However, in the flexural resistance test, most plates obtained similar results and the plates with diameters of 8 mm, 9 mm and 10 mm of the molded plate group (G2) obtained the best results.Discussion: Our results show that the implants had adequate mechanical characteristics, but the unmolded plates had greater flexural and structural stiffness than the molded plates. This difference was significant, thus demonstrating a large loss of stiffness in relation to the original conformation. However, when we tested the flexural resistance, no significant differences were observed, and although without significant statistical changes, there was an increase in the resistance of the plate with the new conformation obtained by molding. In the results of the mechanical tests, we observed that after the molding, the implants gained greater resistance, although the difference was not statistically significant. This suggests that the architecture of the implants should have slight curvature in the medial direction of the bone, since this would lead to a better adaptation to the anatomy of the bone, and possibly greater resistance, as indicated by the new configuration after molding.Keywords: bone implants, titanium, orthopedic implants, femur, dogs

    March1-dependent modulation of donor MHC II on CD103+ dendritic cells mitigates alloimmunity.

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    In transplantation, donor dendritic cells (do-DCs) initiate the alloimmune response either by direct interaction with host T cells or by transferring intact donor MHC to host DCs. However, how do-DCs can be targeted for improving allograft survival is still unclear. Here we show CD103+ DCs are the major do-DC subset involved in the acute rejection of murine skin transplants. In the absence of CD103+ do-DCs, less donor MHC-II is carried to host lymph nodes, fewer allogenic T cells are primed and allograft survival is prolonged. Incubation of skin grafts with the anti-inflammatory mycobacterial protein DnaK reduces donor MHC-II on CD103+DCs and prolongs graft survival. This effect is mediated through IL-10-induced March1, which ubiquitinates and decreases MHC-II levels. Importantly, in vitro pre-treatment of human DCs with DnaK reduces their ability to prime alloreactive T cells. Our findings demonstrate a novel therapeutic approach to dampen alloimmunity by targeting donor MHC-II on CD103+DCs

    O tipo de exercício físico interfere na frequência da prática de atividade física, comportamento sedentário, composição corporal e estado nutricional do idoso?

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    Introdução: O envelhecimento está associado com mudanças fisiológicas que resultam na redução da capacidade funcional e alterações da composição corporal. Objetivo: Comparar a frequência da prática de atividade física, comportamento sedentário, composição corporal e estado nutricional entre idosos praticantes de diferentes tipos de exercícios. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal, o qual participaram 120 idosos, sendo 40 praticantes de musculação, 40 praticantes de hidroginástica e 40 praticantes de exercícios nas Academias da terceira idade. Foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico, a avaliação do índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura quadril (RCQ), a Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) e o Internationa Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, “U†de Mann-Whitney.O nível de significância adotado foi de p<0,05. Resultados: Os idosos praticantes de hidroginástica apresentaram menor RCQ quando comparados aos demais grupos (p=0,007), e os idosos praticantes de musculação apresentaram melhor estado nutricional (p=0,002) e realizam mais atividades vigorosas em detrimentos aos seus pares (p<0,05). Conclusão: Parece que a prática de musculação interfere na frequência da prática de atividade física, no menor tempo em comportamento sedentário e melhor estado nutricional quando comparado com os praticantes de hidroginástica e de exercícios nas ATI. Palavras-chave: Atividade motora. Envelhecimento. Nutrição. Gerontologia. Aptidão física. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Aging is associated with physiological changes that result in reduced functional capacity and changes in body composition. Objective: To compare the frequency of physical activity, sedentary behavior, body composition and nutritional status among elderly people practicing different types of exercises. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 120 elderly people participated, of which 40 were bodybuilders, 40 water aerobics practitioners and 40 practicing gymnasts in the old age groups. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to evaluate the body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Internationa Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, "U" test of Mann-Whitney. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results: Elderly athletes had a lower WHR when compared to the other groups (p = 0.007), and elderly subjects presented better nutritional status (p = 0.002) and performed more vigorous activities in detriment to their peers (p <0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that the practice of bodybuilding interferes in the frequency of physical activity practice, in the shortest time in sedentary behavior and better nutritional status when compared to the practitioners of water aerobics and exercise in the ITA

    Montagem de baixo custo para obtenção de curvas características de um micro aerogerador usando anemômetro a laser / Low cost assembly to obtain characteristic curves from a micro aerogenerator using a laser anemometer

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    No Brasil, as principais fontes de energia distribuída são a hídrica e a petrolífera, classificadas como não renováveis. Devido à escassez de chuva, a diminuição dos poços de petróleo e o crescimento populacional, o país poderá passar por uma grande necessidade de racionamento de energia, atrelado ao aumento constante de sua tarifa. Diante do exposto, pesquisadores têm proposto novas fontes de energia, capazes de minimizar esses problemas. Visto que, no Brasil há uma grande incidência solar e poucos acidentes geográficos, o que contribui para uma ótima ocorrência de ventos, o uso de um aerogerador pode ser uma alternativa bastante viável. Esta tecnologia é constituída por um gerador elétrico integrado ao eixo de um cata-vento, pelo qual é possível converter energia eólica em energia elétrica. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é obter e analisar as curvas características de um micro aerogerador, utilizando um anemômetro a laser com aquisição de dados via plataforma Arduino, ambos desenvolvidos com materiais de baixo custo de produção. Por meio dessa análise, ao empregar uma frequência de 2800 rpm, a energia elétrica foi obtida com 58% de eficiência
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