Main components of organizational climate in an emergency medical service: a qualitative approach

El presente trabajo ofrece un modelo estructural de los principales componentes del «clima laboral» a partir de una construcción de categorías realizadas mediante el registro de información no estructurada aportada por 7 informantes clave del servicio de urgencias de una organización sanitaria. Para el registro de la información se utilizaron entrevistas en profundidad. Con la intención de organizar y sistematizar la información, se realizó un análisis de contenido de la documentación aportada, transformándola a formato de texto siguiendo el método denominado «Teoría Fundamentada» (Strauss y Glaser,1980). Como resultado, se obtuvo un modelo del concepto basado en 5 componentes principales: «productividad», «relación laboral», «trabajo individual», «satisfacción laboral» y «característicasdel servicio». A diferencia de otros procedimientos de obtención de componentes principales de un concepto, éste permitió dar cuenta del proceso de construcción emergente de las distintas categorías para poder explicitar procesos de construcción del cuerpo substantivo del concepto.This paper presents a structural model of the main components of «organizational climate» from the development of categories based on the registry of non-structured information obtained from 7 key informants, members of an emergency medical service. Information was registered using in-depth interviews. In order to organize and systematize the information, a content analysis of the given documentation was carried out, after transforming it to textformat following the «Grounded Theory» (Strauss & Glaser, 1980). As a result, a model of the concept based on 5 main components was obtained: «productivity», «working relationship », «independent work», «labor satisfaction» and «characteristics of the service». This procedure to obtain the main components of a concept differs from others in that this one described the emergent process of construction of the different categories in order to make explicit the processes of construction of the substantive body of the concept.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PSI2011-2958

Elaboration of an instrument to measure the construct satisfaction with the training received

In the context of higher education, one of the relevant elements to assess the quality of service rendered by educational institutions is the assessment that students do in terms of “satisfaction with the training received”. Currently, in the literature there are some limitations to determine the main dimensions of the construct “satisfaction with the training received”. The aim of this paper is to present evidence of content validity of a set of indicators to measure this construct. After conducting a review of the literature, and based on a questionnaire previously elaborated to measure satisfaction in training programs, a structural and operational definition of the construct was presented, in order to obtain the main dimensions and subdomains that form the construct. Then, a set of indicators were specified to measure each dimension of the construct. Finally, evidence of content validity was obtained carrying out an expert opinion study. As a result, all the indicators presented were suitable or fairly appropriate based on Osterlind indexes about its degree of adjustment with its dimension, and were considered representative. Other evidence of psychometric properties, reliability and validity are planned to be obtained in the future

Estrategias de aprendizaje, género y rendimiento académico

[Resumen] Este trabajo estudia qué estrategias de aprendizaje son eficaces para obtener un buen rendimiento académico. Se utilizó el ACRA y las notas finales de curso en una muestra de 254 estudiantes desde 20 de la E.S.O. a 10 de Bachillerato. Se estudiaron las diferencias entre los grupos por rendimiento académico, género y curso. El alumnado que alcanza un buen rendimiento académico utiliza con más éxito que el de mal rendimiento, algunas tácticas propias del proceso de adquisición de la información, codificación, recuperación y apoyo al procesamiento de la información. Las chicas utilizan más las estrategias metacognitivas y están más motivadas intrínseca y extrínsecamente que los chicos.[Abstract] This work studies which 1eaming strategies are effective to get good academic results. We have used the ACRA and the final marks in a samp1e of 254 students from 20 of E.S.O. to 10 of Bachillerato. We have studied the differences among the groups according to heir academic results, sexes and school years. The students who get good academic results are able to use, more successfully than those with worse results,some strategies characteristic of the process of information coding, retaking and support to information processing. Metacognitive strateies are more used by gir1s, and these are more motivated, intrinscally nd extrinsically, than boy

Living in a metal shed. Quonset Huts on Naval Station Rota

[EN] During World War II, and even in the years that followed, thousands of American soldiers lived in prefabricated semi-cylindrical metal huts that could be dismantled and reused: Quonset Huts. Their singular design and their multiple uses made Quonset Huts an American military design icon. The daring construction system made it possible to manufacture them in the United States and take them across the Atlantic, armed with a comprehensive instruction manual. The Seabees, American soldiers posted to Spain to build the Naval Station Rota, set up a provisional camp in 1959 comprising fifty-three Quonset Huts. Assembling them in Spain provided housing for 500 soldiers and they were fitted with all types of facilities for their functions.  This text aims to shed light on this unknown case of prefabricated dwellings in our country, contextualising the history of their design, construction and installation, and analysing the repercussion of this constructive experiment in the early days of prefabricated construction in Spain.[ES] Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, e incluso en años posteriores, miles de soldados estadounidenses habitaron unas naves metálicas semicilíndricas prefabricadas, desmontables y reutilizables; los Quonset Huts. Su singular diseño y su apabullante multiplicidad convirtieron a las Quonset Huts en un icono del diseño militar norteamericano. Su audaz sistema constructivo permitía fabricarlas en Estados Unidos y levantarlas al otro lado del Atlántico gracias a un completo manual de instrucciones. Los Seabees, militares norteamericanos destinados en España para la construcción de la base Aeronaval de Rota, formaron un campamento provisional en 1959 de cincuenta y tres Quonset Huts. Su montaje en España permitió albergar a 500 militares y dotarlos de todo tipo de instalaciones para el desempeño de sus funciones. Este texto pretende arrojar luz sobre este desconocido caso de vivienda prefabricada en nuestro país, contextualizar la historia de su diseño, construcción e instalación, y analizar la repercusión de este experimento constructivo en la, por aquel entonces, incipiente historia de la construcción prefabricada en España.Salazar Lozano, MDP.; Cidoncha Pérez, AJ. (2021). Habitar una bóveda metálica. Quonset Huts en la Base Aeronaval de Rota. VLC arquitectura. Research Journal. 8(2):91-116. https://doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2021.13423OJS9111682Alexiou, Alice Sparberg. The Flatiron: The New York landmark and the incomparable city that arose with it. New York: Thomas Dunne/St. Martin's, 2010.Bureau of Yards and Docks. Cruisebook. Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1. Mississippi: BuDocks, 1959-1960-1961.¾ Cruisebook. Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 6. Davisville: BuDocks, 1960.¾ Cruisebook. Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 7. Mississippi: BuDocks, 1965.Castro Santana, Melissa. "Construcción, Arquitectura y conflicto. Prefabricación y sistemas constructivos surgidos de la tensión bélica." Trabajo Fin de Máster, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/49729. Accessed April 30, 2021.Davis, Ian. Arquitectura de emergencia. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1980.De la Hoz, Rafael, and José María García de Paredes. "Viviendas ultrabaratas en Cordoba." Revista Nacional de Arquitectura, no. 135 (1953).Decker, Julie, and Chris Chiei. Quonset Hut, Metal Living for a Modern Age. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-56898-654-8Department of City Planning, City of Los Angeles. Survey LA Citywide Historic Context Statement. The Quonset Hut, 1941-1965. Los Angeles: Office of Historic Resources, 2015."For your information." U.S. Navy Civil Engineer Corps Bulletin 13 (February 1959).Garner, John S. World War II Temporary Military Buildings: A Brief History of the Architecture and Planning of Cantonments and Training Stations in the United States. Washington: US Army Corps of Engineers, 1993.Great Lakes Steel Corporation. Erection Instruction for the 20' × 48' U. S. Navy Quonset Building. Michigan: Northern Design, 1951."Housing in Rota, Spain." Civil Engineering Corps Bulletin 20, no. 5 (May-June 1965).Naval History & Heritage Command. Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 6. Historical Information. September 1964. RG5, Series I, Spain. US Navy Seabee Museum, Port Hueneme."Navy Seabee Unit arrives at Rota, plunges into immediate training schedule, 5 February 1958." RG 5, Series I Spain. United States Navy Seabee Museum, Port Hueneme, California.Moreno Barberá, Fernando. "Proyecto de viviendas unifamiliares." Informes de la Construcción, no. 35 (1951).Noval Melian, Agustín, and Francisco Ortega Andrade. "Calculando el pasado. La bóveda del palacio de Ctesifonte." Revista de Edificación RE, no. 20 (June 1995).Pozo Municio, José Manuel, and Javier Martínez González, eds. La arquitectura norteamericana, motor y espejo de la arquitectura española en el arranque de la modernidad (1940-1965). Pamplona: T6 Ediciones, 2006.Rabasco, Pablo. "El sistema Ctesiphonte: evolución de la estructura catenaria." Informes de la Construcción 63, no. 522 (April-June 2011). https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.10.009Rogers, J. David. Nissen and Quonset Huts. Rolla: Missouri University of Science and Technology. UMR. Accessed March 31, 2020. https://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/umrcourses/ge342/quonset_huts-revised.pdf.Salazar, María del Pilar. "Un impulso transatlántico. Canales de influencia de la arquitectura estadounidense en España. 1945-1969." PhD diss., Universidad de Navarra, 2018. Accessed April 20, 2021, https://dadun.unav.edu/handle/10171/60062.Seabee Museum and Memorial Park. "Quonset Huts." Accessed April 30, 2021. https://www.seabeesmuseum.com/visit/quonset-huts.Thomas, Adam. Soldiers of the Sword, Soldiers of the Ploughshare. Quonset Huts in the Fort Collins Urban Growth Area. Colorado: Historitecture L.L.C., 2003

Efficient learning of decomposable models with a bounded clique size

The learning of probability distributions from data is a ubiquitous problem in the fields of Statistics and Artificial Intelligence. During the last decades several learning algorithms have been proposed to learn probability distributions based on decomposable models due to their advantageous theoretical properties. Some of these algorithms can be used to search for a maximum likelihood decomposable model with a given maximum clique size, k, which controls the complexity of the model. Unfortunately, the problem of learning a maximum likelihood decomposable model given a maximum clique size is NP-hard for k > 2. In this work, we propose a family of algorithms which approximates this problem with a computational complexity of O(k · n^2 log n) in the worst case, where n is the number of implied random variables. The structures of the decomposable models that solve the maximum likelihood problem are called maximal k-order decomposable graphs. Our proposals, called fractal trees, construct a sequence of maximal i-order decomposable graphs, for i = 2, ..., k, in k − 1 steps. At each step, the algorithms follow a divide-and-conquer strategy based on the particular features of this type of structures. Additionally, we propose a prune-and-graft procedure which transforms a maximal k-order decomposable graph into another one, increasing its likelihood. We have implemented two particular fractal tree algorithms called parallel fractal tree and sequential fractal tree. These algorithms can be considered a natural extension of Chow and Liu’s algorithm, from k = 2 to arbitrary values of k. Both algorithms have been compared against other efficient approaches in artificial and real domains, and they have shown a competitive behavior to deal with the maximum likelihood problem. Due to their low computational complexity they are especially recommended to deal with high dimensional domains

A sensitivity study of bias and variance of k-fold cross-validation in prediction error estimation

In the machine learning field the performance of a classifier is usually measured in terms of prediction error. In most real-world problems, the error cannot be exactly calculated and it must be estimated. Therefore, it’s important to choose an appropriate estimator of the error. This paper analyzes the statistical properties (bias and variance) of the k-fold cross-validation classification error estimator (k-cv). Our main contribution is a novel theoretical decomposition of the variance of the k-cv considering its sources of variance: sensitivity to changes in the training set and sensitivity to changes in the folds. The paper also compares the bias and variance of the estimator for different values of k. The empirical study has been performed in artificial domains because they allow the exact computation of the implied quantities and we can specify rigorously the conditions of experimentation. The empirical study has been performed for two different classifiers (naïve Bayes and nearest neighbor), different number of folds (2, 5, 10, n) and sample sizes, and training sets coming from assorted probability distributions

Functional analysis of the Phycomyces carRA gene encoding the enzymes phytoene synthase and lycopene cyclase.

[EN] Phycomyces carRA gene encodes a protein with two domains. Domain R is characterized by red carR mutants that accumulate lycopene. Domain A is characterized by white carA mutants that do not accumulate significant amounts of carotenoids. The carRA-encoded protein was identified as the lycopene cyclase and phytoene synthase enzyme by sequence homology with other proteins. However, no direct data showing the function of this protein have been reported so far. Different Mucor circinelloides mutants altered at the phytoene synthase, the lycopene cyclase or both activities were transformed with the Phycomyces carRA gene. Fully transcribed carRA mRNA molecules were detected by Northern assays in the transformants and the correct processing of the carRA messenger was verified by RT-PCR. These results showed that Phycomyces carRA gene was correctly expressed in Mucor. Carotenoids analysis in these transformants showed the presence of ß-carotene, absent in the untransformed strains, providing functional evidence that the Phycomyces carRA gene complements the M. circinelloides mutations. Co-transformation of the carRA cDNA in E. coli with different combinations of the carotenoid structural genes from Erwinia uredovora was also performed. Newly formed carotenoids were accumulated showing that the Phycomyces CarRA protein does contain lycopene cyclase and phytoene synthase activities. The heterologous expression of the carRA gene and the functional complementation of the mentioned activities are not very efficient in E. coli. However, the simultaneous presence of both carRA and carB gene products from Phycomyces increases the efficiency of these enzymes, presumably due to an interaction mechanism