ZONEAMENTO DE RISCO CLIMÁTICO PARA CULTIVO DA SOJA NO CERRADO

A agricultura é uma atividade de risco e incerteza. O Zoneamento Agrícola de Risco Climático (ZARC) indica o que, onde e quando plantar para fugir dos eventos climáticos. O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar duas metodologias para o zoneamento agrícola de risco climático da soja (Glycine max (L) Merrill) no Bioma Cerrado. Utilizou-se o Índice de Satisfação da Necessidade de Água (ISNA) considerando às fases fenológicas críticas ao déficit hídrico: Fase I (germinação e emergência) e Fase III (floração e enchimento de grãos). Na primeira abordagem considerou-se a fase III. Na segunda abordagem consideraram-se as fases I e III. Utilizou-se o programa SARRAZON para a simulação do balanço hídrico. A zona de baixo risco climático correspondeu ao ISNA > 0,50 na fase I; e, o ISNA> 0,65 na fase III. Para fins de comparação considerou-se a época de semeadura, porcentagem das áreas de risco e quantidade de municípios recomendados. Na segunda metodologia, as zonas de baixo risco foram menores. A soja foi recomendada em solos com maior capacidade de água disponível. As áreas de alto risco situaram-se na transição entre os biomas Caatinga e Pantanal. Esse estudo orienta o risco agroclimático da soja e subsidia políticas públicas no Cerrado.Palavras-chave: agroclimatologia; gestão ambiental; política agrícola; planejamento ambiental. CLIMATIC RISK ZONING METHODOLOGIES FOR SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN THE CERRADO BIOME ABSTRACT: Agriculture is an activity of risk and uncertainty. Agricultural Climate Risk Zoning (ZARC) indicates what, where and when to plant to escape climate events. The objective of this work was to compare two methodologies for agricultural climate risk zoning of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) in the Cerrado Biome. The Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI) was used considering the phenological phases critical to water deficit: Phase I (germination and emergence) and Phase III (flowering and grain filling). In the first approach, phase III was considered. In the second approach, phases I and III were considered. The SARRAZON program was used to simulate water balance. The low climate risk zone corresponded to WRSI > 0.50 in phase I; and WRSI > 0.65 in phase III. For comparison purposes, the sowing time, percentage of risk areas and number of recommended municipalities were considered. In the second methodology, the low risk zones were smaller. Soybean has been recommended in soils with the highest available water capacity. The high-risk areas were in the transition between the Caatinga and Pantanal biomes. This study guides soy agroclimatic risk and subsidizes public policies in the Cerrado.Keywords: agroclimatology; environmental management; agricultural policy; environmental planning

MODELAGEM NÃO LINEAR DA RELAÇÃO HIPSOMÉTRICA E DO CRESCIMENTO DAS ÁRVORES DOMINANTES E CODOMINANTES DE Eucalyptus sp.

This work aimed to evaluate linear and nonlinear, classical and generalized models with the addition of covariates for modeling the hypsometric relation and the height growth of dominant and codominant trees of eucalypt clones. Two linear models and two nonlinear models were fitted to estimate the hypsometric relationship and four nonlinear models to classify the site. Regarding the hypsometry, it was used the technique of inclusion of covariates in the model that provided the best statistics in order to obtain more precise estimates. The selection and quality of the fittings was based on the standard error “Syx (%)”, Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the test of maximum likelihood (LRATIO), in addition to the graphical analysis of the residuals. For handling, fitting and processing the data, it was used software ‘R’. According to the statistical analysis of the models, for the hypsometric relation the four parameters logistic model was proved to be superior when compared to the other adjusted models. The logistic model obtained better accuracy compared to the classical model. In relation to the estimates of height growth in dominant and codominant trees, the three parameter logistic model obtained the best statistical precision, and therefore it was used for the construction of site index curves.Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar modelos lineares e não lineares clássicos e generalizados com adição de covariáveis, para modelagem da relação hipsométrica e do crescimento em altura das árvores dominantes e codominantes de clones de eucalipto. Foram ajustados dois modelos lineares e dois não lineares para estimativa da relação hipsométrica e quatro modelos não lineares para classificação de sítio. Com relação à hipsometria, para o modelo que propiciou as melhores estatísticas, utilizou-se a técnica de inclusão de covariáveis para o ajuste, visando obter melhor precisão das estimativas. A seleção e a qualidade de ajuste dos modelos se deram com base no erro padrão percentual “Syx (%)”, critério de informação de Akaike (AIC), critério de informação Bayesiano (BIC) e no teste de razão da máxima verossimilhança (TRMV), além da análise gráfica dos resíduos. Para a manipulação, ajuste e processamento dos dados foi utilizado o software R. De acordo com as análises estatísticas dos modelos, para a relação hipsométrica, o logístico com quatro parâmetros mostrou-se superior em relação aos outros modelos ajustados. O modelo logístico com adição de covariáveis obteve uma melhor precisão em comparação ao modelo logístico clássico. Para a estimativa do crescimento em altura das árvores dominantes e codominantes, o modelo logístico com três parâmetros obteve as melhores estatísticas de precisão, sendo, então, utilizado para a construção das curvas de índice de sítio

iWONDER (Imaging WhOle vessel coroNary tree with intravascular ultrasounD and iMap® in patiEnts with acute myocaRdial infarction) study: rationale and study design

BACKGROUND: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides a sensitive and reproducible measurement of coronary artery dimensions, atherosclerotic plaque, and arterial lumen. Advances in IVUS technology now allow the characterization of the composition and morphology of atherosclerotic plaques. Although previous studies have reported data using IVUS radiofrequency analysis, the use of a new modality (iMap®, Boston Scientific, Santa Clara, USA) of atherosclerotic plaque characterization is very little known. Our objective is to analyze the morphological, phenotypic and tissue characteristics of culprit and non-culprit atherosclerotic plaques determined by angiography in patients undergoing coronary angiography due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional, single center study (Hospital São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)/UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil). Fifty patients will be selected for ultrasound analysis according to the following inclusion criteria: age < 75 years, non-ST-segment elevation AMI or recent ST-segment elevation AMI, with or without previous fribrinolytic agents. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is aimed at obtaining morphological, phenotypic and tissue characteristics of the atherosclerotic plate using an imaging modality not extensively evaluated in patients with AMI.INTRODUÇÃO: O ultrassom intracoronário (USIC) é um método capaz de fornecer medida sensível e reprodutível das dimensões da artéria coronária, da placa aterosclerótica e do lúmen arterial. Avanços em sua tecnologia permitem agora a caracterização da composição e da morfologia das placas ateroscleróticas. Embora estudos prévios tenham reportado dados utilizando USIC com análise de radiofrequência, o uso de uma nova modalidade (iMap®, Boston Scientific, Santa Clara, Estados Unidos) de caracterização da placa aterosclerótica é muito pouco conhecida. Nosso objetivo será analisar as características morfológicas, teciduais e fenotípicas das placas ateroscleróticas consideradas angiograficamente culpadas e não-culpadas em pacientes submetidos a angiografia coronária decorrente de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, transversal, em único centro (Hospital São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)/UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Serão selecionados 50 pacientes para análise ultrassonográfica, de acordo com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: idade < 75 anos, IAM sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST ou IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST recente, com ou sem uso de fibrinolítico prévio. CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo objetivará a caracterização morfológica, tecidual e fenotípica da placa aterosclerótica utilizando uma nova modalidade de imagem ainda pouco estudada em pacientes com IAM.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Setor de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia IntervencionistaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaBoston Scientific Setor de Imagem em Cardiologia IntervencionistaHospital Israelita Albert EinsteinUNIFESP, EPM, Setor de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia IntervencionistaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Knowledge, attitude and practices of biomedicine students on the papanicolaou exam

Cervical cancer is the second type of cancer that most affects women, considered a serious public health problem, however it can be detected and treated early through the Pap smear. This research aimed to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practices of biomedicine students on the Pap smear. A cross-sectional study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP), applied with 108 students, was carried out at a Higher Education Institution in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The data were collected through the months of February and March of 2018 with the application of a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was descriptive in terms of absolute and relative frequencies. Knowledge 72 (66.6%) and attitude 76 (70.3%) presented adequate levels regarding the examination. As for the practice, the percentage of suitability was of 37 academics (34.2%) relatively not adequate. It was concluded that the students had adequate knowledge and attitude, but an inadequate practice, and the Papanicolaou test is required for the early screening and prevention of cervical cancer

Alimentação popular em São Paulo (1920 a 1950): políticas públicas, discursos técnicos e práticas profissionais

This article discusses how the concept of lower-class eating habits came about and developed in the intellectual circles of São Paulo during the first half of the 20th century. It starts by reconstructing the elements of the debate around the income and ignorance of the underprivileged as the main reasons behind their bad eating habits. Then, it looks at the focal points for interventions and public policies proposed by the government to deal with the problem thus identified, namely: training methods to produce sanitation counselors capable of offering dietary guidance as well; popular educational campaigns and new learning sites in addition to schools (e.g. healthcare centers and households); lunch and other means of offering food at schools; and diagnostic studies about food intake and eating habits among laborers. Because they were translated into technical and scientific language, the proposals and policies implemented in São Paulo left traces in a variety of supporting documents and media (photographs, primers, posters, inquiry notebooks, and academic literature).O artigo discute a construção da idéia de alimentação popular nos meios intelectuais em São Paulo, na primeira metade do século XX. Para isso, reconstitui, como motivos da má alimentação, elementos do debate em torno da renda e da ignorância dos mais pobres. Identificado o problema, as propostas de intervenção e as políticas públicas concentraram-se em alguns setores, abordados neste trabalho: métodos para a formação de educadores sanitários aptos a atuar também na educação alimentar; campanhas de instrução popular e criação de novos lugares de aprendizado (além das escolas, os centros de saúde e os lares); merenda escolar e outras alternativas de alimentação nas escolas; e diagnósticos referentes ao conteúdo e à forma da alimentação dos operários. Traduzidas em discurso técnico-científicos, as propostas e políticas implementadas na cidade deixaram indícios em documentação de suporte e tipologia variados (fotografias, cartilhas, cartazes, cadernetas de inquéritos e textos acadêmicos).Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: Peering through the waves

Objective: To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with HIV, and to compare with a paired sample without HIV infection. Methods: This is a substudy of a Brazilian multicentric cohort that comprised two periods (2020 and 2021). Data was obtained through the retrospective review of medical records. Primary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death. Patients with HIV and controls were matched for age, sex, number of comorbidities, and hospital of origin using the technique of propensity score matching (up to&nbsp;4:1). They were compared using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact tests for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon for numerical variables. Results: Throughout the study, 17,101&nbsp;COVID-19 patients were hospitalized, and 130&nbsp;(0.76%) of those were infected with HIV. The median age was&nbsp;54&nbsp;(IQR:&nbsp;43.0;64.0) years in&nbsp;2020 and 53&nbsp;(IQR:&nbsp;46.0;63.5) years in&nbsp;2021, with a predominance of females in both periods. People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and their controls showed similar prevalence for admission to the ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in the two periods, with no significant differences. In&nbsp;2020, in-hospital mortality was higher in the PLHIV compared to the controls (27.9%&nbsp;vs.&nbsp;17.7%; p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.049), but there was no difference in mortality between groups in&nbsp;2021 (25.0%&nbsp;vs.&nbsp;25.1%; p &gt; 0.999). Conclusions: Our results reiterate that PLHIV were at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality in the early stages of the pandemic, however, this finding did not sustain in&nbsp;2021, when the mortality rate is similar to the control group

Database Survey of Anti-Inflammatory Plants in South America: A Review

Inflammation is a complex event linked to tissue damage whether by bacteria, physical trauma, chemical, heat or any other phenomenon. This physiological response is coordinated largely by a variety of chemical mediators that are released from the epithelium, the immunocytes and nerves of the lamina propria. However, if the factor that triggers the inflammation persists, the inflammation can become relentless, leading to an intensification of the lesion. The present work is a literature survey of plant extracts from the South American continent that have been reported to show anti-inflammatory activity. This review refers to 63 bacterial families of which the following stood out: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae and Celastraceae, with their countries, parts used, types of extract used, model bioassays, organisms tested and their activity