Electrochemical monitoring of the oxidative coupling of alkynes catalyzed by triphenylphosphine gold complexes

Electrochemical monitoring of the oxidative coupling of alkynes in the homogeneous phase through catalytic cycles involving triphenylphosphine gold complexes and selectfluor as oxidant reveals that at least two gold species in +3 and +1 oxidation states are implicated. Electrochemically driven homocoupling of terminal alkynes using molecular oxygen as the oxidant can be performed using such catalysts.Domenech Carbo, A.; Leyva Perez, A.; Al-Resayes, SI.; Corma Canós, A. (2012). Electrochemical monitoring of the oxidative coupling of alkynes catalyzed by triphenylphosphine gold complexes. Electrochemistry Communications. 19:145-148. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2012.02.038S1451481

POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL Y FORMACIÓN LABORAL

The paper deals with the historic evolution of educational policies. It studies key pedagogues of the end of the 18th Century and beginnings of the 20th: José Austin Caballero, Félix Varela, José de la Luz y Caballero. Martí is central to this analysis too, as well as his followers during the Republican period. Special attention is given to these policies from 1959 to the present day. A proposal is made with a three-moment periodization related to the educational revolutions in Cuba, based on the regulation documents of the Cuban educational policy, with emphasis on the legislative body in charge of organizing teaching in the country. Alongside is analyzed professional formation, opening with a study of the influence of European thinkers on the schools of the territory, and closing with a deep look at the implementation of Marti’s ideas and the Marxist-Leninist principle of linking study and work.  En el presente trabajo se abordó la evolución histórica de la política educacional. Partiendo de los más importantes pedagogos de fines de siglo XVIII y comienzo de la siguiente centuria: José Agustín Caballero, Félix Varela y José de la Luz y Caballero. También en estos antecedentes fueron ubicadas las doctrinas martianas y las contribuciones de sus continuadores en la etapa republicana. Se dedicó especial atención a esta política después del período comprendido entre 1959 y la actualidad. Presentándose una propuesta de periodización con tres momentos vinculados a las Revoluciones Educacionales en Cuba. Para ello fueron examinados los principales documentos normativos de la política educacional cubana. Enfatizando en el cuerpo legislativo que dedica su oficio a organizar la enseñanza en la Isla. Paralelamente fue analizada la presencia de la formación laboral. Utilizando, en las página iniciales, un prismas de la influencia de pensadores europeos en las escuelas de nuestro territorio. Luego se observó detenidamente la presencia del principio marxista-leninista y martiano de la vinculación del estudio con el trabajo

Early and delayed long-term transcriptional changes and short-term transient responses during cold acclimation in olive leaves

Low temperature severely affects plant growth and development. To overcome this constraint, several plant species from regions having a cool season have evolved an adaptive response, called cold acclimation. We have studied this response in olive tree (Olea europaea L.) cv. Picual. Biochemical stress markers and cold-stress symptoms were detected after the first 24 h as sagging leaves. After 5 days, the plants were found to have completely recovered. Control and cold-stressed plants were sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 1000 paired-end technique. We also assembled a new olive transcriptome comprising 157,799 unigenes and found 6,309 unigenes differentially expressed in response to cold. Three types of response that led to cold acclimation were found: short-term transient response, early long-term response, and late long-term response. These subsets of unigenes were related to different biological processes. Early responses involved many cold-stress-responsive genes coding for, among many other things, C-repeat binding factor transcription factors, fatty acid desaturases, wax synthesis, and oligosaccharide metabolism. After long-term exposure to cold, a large proportion of gene down-regulation was found, including photosynthesis and plant growth genes. Up-regulated genes after long-term cold exposure were related to organelle fusion, nucleus organization, and DNA integration, including retrotransposons.This work was supported by grant AGR-5948 from Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was provided by the University of Jaén.Peer reviewe

Skin Barrier Function in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: TransepidermalWater Loss and Temperature as Useful Tools to Assess Disease Severity

Multiple diagnostic tools are used to evaluate psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) severity, but most of them are based on subjective components. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and temperature are skin barrier function parameters that can be objectively measured and could help clinicians to evaluate disease severity accurately. Thus, the aims of this study are: (1) to compare skin barrier function between healthy skin, psoriatic skin and AD skin; and (2) to assess if skin barrier function parameters could predict disease severity. A cross-sectional study was designed, and epidermal barrier function parameters were measured. The study included 314 participants: 157 healthy individuals, 92 psoriatic patients, and 65 atopic dermatitis patients. TEWL was significantly higher, while stratum corneum hydration (SCH) (8.71 vs. 38.43 vs. 44.39 Arbitrary Units (AU)) was lower at psoriatic plaques than at uninvolved psoriatic skin and healthy controls. Patients with both TEWL > 13.85 g m-2h-1 and temperature > 30.85 C presented a moderate/severe psoriasis (psoriasis area severity index (PASI) 7), with a specificity of 76.3%. TEWL (28.68 vs. 13.15 vs. 11.60 g m-2 h-1) and temperature were significantly higher, while SCH (25.20 vs. 40.95 vs. 50.73 AU) was lower at AD eczematous lesions than uninvolved AD skin and healthy controls. Patients with a temperature > 31.75 C presented a moderate/severe AD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) 37) with a sensitivity of 81.8%. In conclusion, temperature and TEWL values may help clinicians to determine disease severity and select patients who need intensive treatment

Cold response in olive tree; A RNAseq study

Póster presentado en el COST TD801 StatSeq 5th Workshop, celebrado en Helsinki del 24 al 26 de abril de 2013.Low temperature severely affects plant growth and development. Several plant species have evolved an adaptive response, named cold acclimation. In order to study this response in olive tree (Olea europaea), we maintained twomonths- old vegetative propagated olive trees cv. Picual at low temperature (14h at 10ºC with light, 10h at 4ºC at the dark) for 15 days. Control plants were maintained in field growing conditions. Cold stress symptoms were observed after the first 24h as sagging leaf and biochemical stress markers. After 5 days the plants were observed completely recovered. We extracted RNA from leaves of three control plants and the same number from 24h and 10 days cold stressed plants. We pooled RNA and made two cDNA libraries for sequencing. We used Illumina HiSeq 1000 sequencer.Peer Reviewe

Acid Catalysis with Alkane/Water Microdroplets in Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids are composed of an organic cation and a highly delocalized perfluorinated anion, which remain tight to each other and neutral across the extended liquid framework. Here we show that n-alkanes in millimolar amounts enable a sufficient ion charge separation to release the innate acidity of the ionic liquid and catalyze the industrially relevant alkylation of phenol, after generating homogeneous, self-stabilized, and surfactant-free microdroplets (1–5 μm). This extremely mild and simple protocol circumvents any external additive or potential ionic liquid degradation and can be extended to water, which spontaneously generates microdroplets (ca. 3 μm) and catalyzes Brönsted rather than Lewis acid reactions. These results open new avenues not only in the use of ionic liquids as acid catalysts/solvents but also in the preparation of surfactant-free, well-defined ionic liquid microemulsions.PNICTOCHEM 804110 (G.A.)PID2019-111742-GA-I00CIDEGENT/2018/00

Evaluación del subprograma de atención comunitaria al adulto mayor en un área de salud del municipio Holguín

Fundamento: la evaluación de un programa supone la colección sistemática de datos y el análisis e interpretación de los mismos, con el propósito de determinar su validez e impacto. Servirá también para tomar decisiones sobre el programa. Objetivo: evaluar el subprograma de atención comunitaria al adulto mayor en el Policlínico Universitario “Pedro Díaz Coello”, del municipio Holguín, durante el año 2020. Métodos: se realizó una investigación en sistemas y servicios de salud, en el policlínico y periodo de tiempo declarados en el objetivo. El universo estuvo constituido por los 7446 adultos mayores, distribuidos en 38 consultorios médicos de familia. La muestra seleccionada, por muestreo aleatorio simple, fue de 160 historias clínicas pertenecientes a 16 consultorios médicos, para evaluar la dimensión proceso. La evaluación final del subprograma se consideró a partir del resultado de la evaluación de los tres componentes, estructura, proceso y resultado, a nivel de consultorio y policlínico. Resultados: las dimensiones estructura y proceso resultaron evaluadas de no satisfactorias; en los recursos humanos, de los siete criterios a evaluar, el 57,1 % obtuvo calificación de mal y en los institucionales el criterio más desfavorable fue la no existencia de una casa de abuelos; en la dimensión proceso, ocho de los diez criterios fueron evaluados de mal. La dimensión resultado tuvo 11 de los 15 criterios con calificación de bien, lo que representó el 73,3 % del total. Conclusiones: en la evaluación final del subprograma se evidenciaron dificultades tanto en la dimensión estructura como en los procesos

Comparative Study of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory E ects of Leaf Extracts from Four Di erent Morus alba Genotypes in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a low-grade chronic inflammation in multiple organs have been demonstrated in obesity. Morus alba leaves extracts (MAEs) have been used in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory agents. In this work, the bioactive compounds of di erent genotypes of M. alba L. (Filipina, Valenciana Temprana, Kokuso, and Italia) were analyzed not only by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography–electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-TOF-MS), but also screened for in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity by means of DPPH radical scavenging assay and Caenorhabditis elegans model. These MAEs were administered daily in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice. Filipina and Italia genotypes significantly reduced weight gain, the glycemic levels in high fat diet, as well as, levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Filipina and Italia MAEs also reduced the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as Tnf- , Il-1 , Il-6 and increased the levels of adiponectin and AMPK, which exert anti-inflammatory e ects. Moreover, Italia genotype ameliorated the intestinal barrier function. In conclusion, Filipina and Italia methanolic extracts show the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory e ect, due to the presence of compounds such as protocatechuic acid or quercetin-3-glucoside, and they could be developed as a complementary treatment for obesity and metabolic disorders.Junta de Andalucia CTS 164Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness AGL2015-67995-C3-3-REuropean Commission (FEDER/ERDF)ERDF/FEDER Operational Programme of the Region of Murcia 2007ES161PO001 14-20/20Instituto de Salud Carlos II

Tamizaje en cáncer cervical: conocimiento de la utilidad y uso de citología cervical en México

OBJECTIVE: To identify and evaluate the predisposing factors regarding the utilization of the Pap smears in the population seen in the Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Mexico METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1997 through December 1998 in Mexico city. A questionnaire was applied to a total of 2,107 women of reproductive age who attended a family planning program and data was collected regarding the following topics: social-demographics, reproductive risk factors associated with cervical cancer, sexual behavior and partner history, birth control, knowledge about Pap smear' benefits, and its utilization. Statistic analysis was conducted using Student´s test and non-conditional multiple logistic regression model for determining significance. RESULTS: The predisposing factors were: knowledge about Pap smear's benefits (OR=6.00, CI 95% 4.70-7.67), history of using at least two birth control methods (OR=2.38, CI 95% 1.75-3.24), previous history of vaginal infection (OR=2.18, CI 95% 1.73-2.75), sexual partner's approval of gynecological examinations (OR=1.56, CI 95% 1.07-2.29). CONCLUSIONS: Educational programs on cancer prevention in this population should include the benefits of screening tests. Pap smears for Mexican women of reproductive age are mostly offered opportunely. The previous use of health services is a determinant factor for the utilization of the Cervical Cancer Screening Program. These results show the need to strengthen health promotion programs to women at high risk of cervical cancer and their sexual partners.OBJETIVO: Identificar y evaluar los factores que predisponen a la utilización de la prueba de Papanicolaou en la población que usa el servicio del Programa Nacional de Detección Oportuna de Cáncer en México. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio del tipo transversal de enero de 1997 a diciembre de 1998, en la Ciudad de México; se incluyeron a 2.107 mujeres en edad reproductiva que acudieron a un servicio de planificación familiar, las cuáles respondieron a un cuestionario con preguntas sobre características: sociodemográficas, factores de riesgo reproductivo asociados a cáncer cervical, historia de vida sexual, uso de métodos anticonceptivos, conocimiento de la utilidad y utilización del Papanicolaou. Para el análisis de los datos se construyeron modelos multivariados de regresión logística no condicional. RESULTADOS: Los predisponentes de utilización del programa de detección oportuna de cáncer en esta población fueron: el conocimiento de la utilidad del Papanicolaou incrementó en seis veces más la posibilidad de utilización (IC 95% 4,70-7,67); el antecedente de utilización de dos o más métodos de planificación familiar (OR=2,38; IC 95% 1,75-3,24); el antecedente de historia de infección vaginal (OR=2,18; IC 95% 1,73-2,75), y la aceptación del esposo para la realización de exploraciones ginecológicas (OR=1,56; IC 95% 1,07-2,29). CONCLUSIONES: La implementación de programas educativos en la prevención de cáncer, deberán incluir la utilidad de las pruebas de detección. En México, en mujeres en edad reproductiva utilización de la prueba de Papanicolaou se ofrece predominantemente en forma oportunista, por lo que el antecedente de utilización de los Servicios de Salud es un determinante para la utilización del Programa de Detección Oportuna de Cáncer Cervical. Estos resultados muestran la necesidad de ampliar la promoción a la salud de este programa a las mujeres de alto riesgo, incluyendo a sus parejas sexuales

Few layer 2D pnictogens (P & Sb) catalyze the alkylation of soft nucleophiles with esters

Group 15 elements in zero oxidation state (P, As, Sb and Bi), also called pnictogens, are rarely used in catalysis due to the difficulties associated in preparing well-structured and stable materials. Here, we report on the synthesis of highly exfoliated, few layer 2D phosphorene and antimonene in zero oxidation state, suspended in an ionic liquid, with the native atoms ready to interact with external reagents while avoiding aerobic or aqueous decomposition pathways, and on their use as efficient catalysts for the alkylation of nucleophiles with esters. The few layer pnictogen material circumvents the extremely harsh reaction conditions associated to previous superacid-catalyzed alkylations, by enabling an alternative mechanism on surface, protected from the water and air by the ionic liquid. These 2D catalysts allow the alkylation of a variety of acid-sensitive organic molecules and giving synthetic relevancy to the use of simple esters as alkylating agents