다양한 교정용 브라켓 원재료에 부착하는 mutans streptococci 양의 비교분석

Objective: To estimate the effects of bracket material type on enamel decalcification during orthodontic treatment, this study analyzed the adhesion level of mutans streptococci (MS) to orthodontic bracket materials in vivo. Methods: Three different types of orthodontic bracket materials were used: stainless steel, monocrystalline sapphire, and polycrystalline alumina. A balanced complete block design was used to exclude the effect of positional variation of bracket materials in the oral cavity. Three types of plastic individual trays were made and one subject placed the tray in the mouth for 12 hours. Then, the attached bacteria were isolated and incubated on a mitis salivadus media containing bacitracin for 48 hours. Finally, the number of colony forming units of MS was counted. The experiments were independently performed 5 times with each of the 3 trays, resulting in a total of 15 times. Mixed model ANOVA was used to compare the adhesion amount of MS. Results: There was no difference in colony forming units among the bracket materials irrespective of jaw and tooth position. Conclusions: This study suggested that the result of quantitative analysis of MS adhesion to various orthodontic bracket materials in vivo may differ from that of the condition in vitro. (Korean J Orthod 2009;39(2):105-111)

OPTIMA prelim: a randomised feasibility study of personalised care in the treatment of women with early breast cancer

Abstract Background There is uncertainty about the chemotherapy sensitivity of some oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancers. Multiparameter assays that measure the expression of several tumour genes simultaneously have been developed to guide the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for this breast cancer subtype. The assays provide prognostic information and have been claimed to predict chemotherapy sensitivity. There is a dearth of prospective validation studies. The Optimal Personalised Treatment of early breast cancer usIng Multiparameter Analysis preliminary study (OPTIMA prelim) is the feasibility phase of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) designed to validate the use of multiparameter assay directed chemotherapy decisions in the NHS. Objectives OPTIMA prelim was designed to establish the acceptability to patients and clinicians of randomisation to test-driven treatment assignment compared with usual care and to select an assay for study in the main RCT. Design Partially blinded RCT with adaptive design. Setting Thirty-five UK hospitals. Participants Patients aged ≥ 40 years with surgically treated ER-positive HER2-negative primary breast cancer and with 1–9 involved axillary nodes, or, if node negative, a tumour at least 30 mm in diameter. Interventions Randomisation between two treatment options. Option 1 was standard care consisting of chemotherapy followed by endocrine therapy. In option 2, an Oncotype DX® test (Genomic Health Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA) performed on the resected tumour was used to assign patients either to standard care [if ‘recurrence score’ (RS) was > 25] or to endocrine therapy alone (if RS was ≤ 25). Patients allocated chemotherapy were blind to their randomisation. Main outcome measures The pre-specified success criteria were recruitment of 300 patients in no longer than 2 years and, for the final 150 patients, (1) an acceptance rate of at least 40%; (2) recruitment taking no longer than 6 months; and (3) chemotherapy starting within 6 weeks of consent in at least 85% of patients. Results Between September 2012 and 3 June 2014, 350 patients consented to join OPTIMA prelim and 313 were randomised; the final 150 patients were recruited in 6 months, of whom 92% assigned chemotherapy started treatment within 6 weeks. The acceptance rate for the 750 patients invited to participate was 47%. Twelve out of the 325 patients with data (3.7%, 95% confidence interval 1.7% to 5.8%) were deemed ineligible on central review of receptor status. Interviews with researchers and recordings of potential participant consultations made as part of the integral qualitative recruitment study provided insights into recruitment barriers and led to interventions designed to improve recruitment. Patient information was changed as the result of feedback from three patient focus groups. Additional multiparameter analysis was performed on 302 tumour samples. Although Oncotype DX, MammaPrint®/BluePrint® (Agendia Inc., Irvine, CA, USA), Prosigna® (NanoString Technologies Inc., Seattle, WA, USA), IHC4, IHC4 automated quantitative immunofluorescence (AQUA®) [NexCourse BreastTM (Genoptix Inc. Carlsbad, CA, USA)] and MammaTyper® (BioNTech Diagnostics GmbH, Mainz, Germany) categorised comparable numbers of tumours into low- or high-risk groups and/or equivalent molecular subtypes, there was only moderate agreement between tests at an individual tumour level (kappa ranges 0.33–0.60 and 0.39–0.55 for tests providing risks and subtypes, respectively). Health economics modelling showed the value of information to the NHS from further research into multiparameter testing is high irrespective of the test evaluated. Prosigna is currently the highest priority for further study. Conclusions OPTIMA prelim has achieved its aims of demonstrating that a large UK clinical trial of multiparameter assay-based selection of chemotherapy in hormone-sensitive early breast cancer is feasible. The economic analysis shows that a trial would be economically worthwhile for the NHS. Based on the outcome of the OPTIMA prelim, a large-scale RCT to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multiparameter assay-directed chemotherapy decisions in hormone-sensitive HER2-negative early breast would be appropriate to take place in the NHS

Microbial profile on bracket materials

PLEASE NOTE: This work is protected by copyright. Downloading is restricted to the BU community: please click Download and log in with a valid BU account to access. If you are the author of this work and would like to make it publicly available, please contact [email protected] (M.Sc.D.)--Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 2000 (Orthodontics).Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-76).The placement of orthodontic bands, brackets, ligature wires and elastics encourages the accumulation of a microbial flora and food residues, which in time, may cause caries and/or exacerbate any pre-existing periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study was to compare the total bacterial counts present on metallic and ceramic orthodontic brackets in order to clarify which bracket type had a higher plaque retaining capacity and to determine the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus spp on both types of brackets. Thirty-two metallic brackets and twenty-four ceramic brackets were collected from orthodontic patients at the day of debonding. Two brackets were collected from each patient; one from a maxillary central incisor and another from a maxillary second premolar. Sixteen patients who used metal brackets and twelve patients who used ceramic brackets were sampled. Bacterial populations were studied using “checkerboard” DNA-DNA hybridization. This technique used DNA probes to identify species in complex microbial samples. Significance of differences between groups was determined using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results showed no significant differences between metallic and ceramic brackets with respect to the caries-inducing S. mutans and L. acidophilus spp counts. Mean counts of eight of thirty-five additional species differed significantly between metallic and ceramic brackets with no obvious pattern favoring one bracket type over the other. This study showed higher mean counts of Treponema denticola, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii, Streptococcus anginosus, and Eubacterium nodatum on metallic brackets while higher counts of Eikenalla corrodens, Campylobacter showae, and Selenomonas noxia were found on ceramic brackets

Les répercussions de la guerre sur l'agriculture égyptienne

Anhoury Jean. Les répercussions de la guerre sur l'agriculture égyptienne. In: Revue internationale de botanique appliquée et d'agriculture tropicale, 27ᵉ année, bulletin n°291-292, Janvier-février 1947. pp. 5-14

Les progrès de la culture du Cotonnier en Egypte dans les récentes années.

Anhoury Jean. Les progrès de la culture du Cotonnier en Egypte dans les récentes années.. In: Revue internationale de botanique appliquée et d'agriculture tropicale, 26ᵉ année, bulletin n°279-280, Janvier-février 1946. pp. 31-42