Cloud microphysical effects of turbulent mixing and entrainment

Turbulent mixing and entrainment at the boundary of a cloud is studied by means of direct numerical simulations that couple the Eulerian description of the turbulent velocity and water vapor fields with a Lagrangian ensemble of cloud water droplets that can grow and shrink by condensation and evaporation, respectively. The focus is on detailed analysis of the relaxation process of the droplet ensemble during the entrainment of subsaturated air, in particular the dependence on turbulence time scales, droplet number density, initial droplet radius and particle inertia. We find that the droplet evolution during the entrainment process is captured best by a phase relaxation time that is based on the droplet number density with respect to the entire simulation domain and the initial droplet radius. Even under conditions favoring homogeneous mixing, the probability density function of supersaturation at droplet locations exhibits initially strong negative skewness, consistent with droplets near the cloud boundary being suddenly mixed into clear air, but rapidly approaches a narrower, symmetric shape. The droplet size distribution, which is initialized as perfectly monodisperse, broadens and also becomes somewhat negatively skewed. Particle inertia and gravitational settling lead to a more rapid initial evaporation, but ultimately only to slight depletion of both tails of the droplet size distribution. The Reynolds number dependence of the mixing process remained weak over the parameter range studied, most probably due to the fact that the inhomogeneous mixing regime could not be fully accessed when phase relaxation times based on global number density are considered.Comment: 17 pages, 10 Postscript figures (figures 3,4,6,7,8 and 10 are in reduced quality), to appear in Theoretical Computational Fluid Dynamic

Synergistic Team Composition

Effective teams are crucial for organisations, especially in environments that require teams to be constantly created and dismantled, such as software development, scientific experiments, crowd-sourcing, or the classroom. Key factors influencing team performance are competences and personality of team members. Hence, we present a computational model to compose proficient and congenial teams based on individuals' personalities and their competences to perform tasks of different nature. With this purpose, we extend Wilde's post-Jungian method for team composition, which solely employs individuals' personalities. The aim of this study is to create a model to partition agents into teams that are balanced in competences, personality and gender. Finally, we present some preliminary empirical results that we obtained when analysing student performance. Results show the benefits of a more informed team composition that exploits individuals' competences besides information about their personalities

Oceanic stochastic parametrizations in a seasonal forecast system

We study the impact of three stochastic parametrizations in the ocean component of a coupled model, on forecast reliability over seasonal timescales. The relative impacts of these schemes upon the ocean mean state and ensemble spread are analyzed. The oceanic variability induced by the atmospheric forcing of the coupled system is, in most regions, the major source of ensemble spread. The largest impact on spread and bias came from the Stochastically Perturbed Parametrization Tendency (SPPT) scheme - which has proven particularly effective in the atmosphere. The key regions affected are eddy-active regions, namely the western boundary currents and the Southern Ocean. However, unlike its impact in the atmosphere, SPPT in the ocean did not result in a significant decrease in forecast error. Whilst there are good grounds for implementing stochastic schemes in ocean models, our results suggest that they will have to be more sophisticated. Some suggestions for next-generation stochastic schemes are made.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure

Numerical simulations of stratocumulus cloud response to aerosol perturbation

In this paper results from the 2D numerical model with Lagrangian representation of microphysics are used to investigate the response of the radiative properties of stratocumulus as a result of adding aerosol within the boundary layer. Three different cases characterized by low, moderate and high cloud droplet number and for 3 sizes of additional aerosol 0.01. μm, 0.1. μm and 0.5. μm are discussed. The model setup is an idealization of one of the proposed Solar Radiation Management methods to mitigate global warming by increasing albedo of stratocumulus clouds. Analysis of the model results shows that: the albedo may increase directly in response to additional aerosol in the boundary layer; the magnitude of the increase depends on the microphysical properties of the existing cloud and is larger for cloud characterized by low cloud droplet number; for some cases for clouds characterized by high cloud droplet number seeding may lead to the decrease in albedo when too large radius of seeding aerosol is used

Aprendizagem de línguas através da telecolaboração: uma abordagem do século XXI

Recent unprecedented global events, including emergency remote teaching, have led to an exponential growth of interest in telecollaboration among practitioners and researchers, evidenced, among others, by the growing number of publications devoted to this topic. Attention has been drawn to the number of promises associated with telecollaboration projects, in particular the cultural and linguistic ones. However, such complex and dynamic exchanges also have several limitations. Consequently, a significant number of parties might struggle to make sense of the vast body of knowledge available on the topic and might encounter difficulty in implementing such projects. To address this issue, this study adopts a meta-analytical approach and provides a synthesis of the recently published research on telecollaboration. The reviewed sample comprises 28 journal articles devoted to English as a lingua franca telecollaboration projects, published between 2016 and 2021. The results of these articles are presented in a consolidated and easily understandable manner that permits all interested parties to efficiently examine the newest findings of the literature and apply them accordingly in real-life conditions. This, in turn, facilitates the implementation of good practices and the organization of future telecollaboration exchanges.Os recentes acontecimentos globais sem precedentes, incluindo o ensino remoto de emergência, levaram a um crescimento exponencial do interesse pela telecolaboração entre profissionais e investigadores, evidenciado, entre outros, pelo número crescente de publicações dedicadas a este tópico. Tem-se chamado a atenção para o número de promessas associadas aos projetos de telecolaboração, em particular as culturais e linguísticas. No entanto, estes intercâmbios complexos e dinâmicos têm também várias limitações. Consequentemente, um número significativo de partes pode ter dificuldade em compreender o vasto conjunto de conhecimentos disponíveis sobre o tema e encontrar dificuldades na implementação de tais projectos. Para abordar esta questão, este estudo adota uma abordagem meta-analítica e apresenta uma síntese da investigação recentemente publicada sobre telecolaboração. A amostra analisada inclui 28 artigos de periódicos dedicados a projetos de telecolaboração em inglês como língua franca, publicados entre 2016 e 2021. Os resultados desses artigos são apresentados de forma consolidada e facilmente compreensível, permitindo que todas as partes interessadas examinem de forma eficiente as mais recentes descobertas da literatura e as apliquem em condições reais. Isto, por sua vez, facilita a implementação de boas práticas e a organização de futuros intercâmbios de telecolaboração.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Super-Droplet Method for the Numerical Simulation of Clouds and Precipitation: a Particle-Based Microphysics Model Coupled with Non-hydrostatic Model

A novel simulation model of cloud microphysics is developed, which is named Super-Droplet Method (SDM). SDM enables accurate calculation of cloud microphysics with reasonable cost in computation. A simple SDM for warm rain, which incorporates sedimentation, condensation/evaporation, stochastic coalescence, is developed. The methodology to couple SDM and a non-hydrostatic model is also developed. It is confirmed that the result of our Monte Carlo scheme for the coalescence of super-droplets agrees fairly well with the solution of stochastic coalescence equation. A preliminary simulation of a shallow maritime cumulus formation initiated by a warm bubble is presented to demonstrate the practicality of SDM. Further discussions are devoted for the extension and the computational efficiency of SDM to incorporate various properties of clouds, such as, several types of ice crystals, several sorts of soluble/insoluble CCNs, their chemical reactions, electrification, and the breakup of droplets. It is suggested that the computational cost of SDM becomes lower than spectral (bin) method when the number of attributes $d$ becomes larger than some critical value, which may be $2\sim4$

Mofrometriceskie osobennosti pesery Zoluska (Zapadnaa Ukraina)

There are morphometric of large maze cave Zoloushka (Western Ukraine) analyzed in the article. The main morphological peculiarities of the Cave are shown, the basic morphometric data of the hole Cave as well as their local variations within the limits of the Cave are characterized. The relations of morphometric parameters of different cave areas with structural and hydrodynamic prerequisites of speleomorphogenesis is also marked

Intensywne promieniowanie X. Źródła, optyka i niektóre zastosowania. Rozprawa habilitacyjna

Zdigitalizowano i udostępniono w ramach projektu pn. Rozbudowa otwartych zasobów naukowych Repozytorium Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, dofinansowanego z programu „Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki” Ministra Edukacji i Nauki na podstawie umowy SONB/SP/512497/2021.In this monograph the modern methods of the generation of the intense X-rays are explained and some examples how this radiation can be utilized in investigation of mater in its normal and excited state are given. First the properties of synchrotron radiation are discussed and generation of intense beams in bending magnets, wigglers and undulators in the synchrotrons is described. Next, the generation of short and extremely intense pulses in the newest X-ray sources, namely Free Electron Lasers (FELs) is explained and compared with radiation from other X-ray sources. Comprehensive discussion on the refractive X-ray optics is given. 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Krajobraz krasowy jako system

Karst landscapes are very specific in terms of its natural characteristics: geology, relief, water circulation, vegetation and soils. The specificity is due to the presence in the landscape of “lower underground floor” in form of a network of canals, cavities and caves, closely associated with the terrestrial part of the landscape. The article analyzes the karst landscape as a binary geosystem, consisting of two subsystems: surface and underground. Interactions between two subsystems (exchange of material and energy) are the essence of functioning of karst landscape and are ʺresponsibleʺ for formation of its dynamic-evolutionary peculiarities and physiognomy