Uvođenje jedinstvenog komunikacijskog informacionog sistema E-112 / Introduction of the unified communications information system E-112 / Внедрение единой коммуникационно-информационной системы Е-112

Uvođenje evropskog broja za hitne događaje 112 u Republici Makedoniji treba da omogući poboljšanje, koje će biti implementirano, uređeno i u saglasnosti sa evropskom zakonodavnom regulativom. Dokaz za to jesu brojni benefiti ostvareni tokom višegodišnjeg postojanja broja 112 u državama članicama Evropske unije. Ovaj broj predstavlja integrisanu i jedinstvenu funkcionalnu i informatičko-komunikacijsku celinu. Njegovo uvođenje treba da bude podržano najnovijom tehnologijom informatičko-komunikacijskih rešenja, hardverske opreme, kao i softverskih rešenja prilagođenih uslovima države. Biće objedinjena sadašnja četiri telefonska broja za hitne događaje, koji su pod kontrolom Ministarstva policije (192), lokalnih protivpožarnih jedinica (193), Hitne medicinske pomoći (194) i Centra za upravljanje krizom (195). Predviđa se da brojevi budu zamenjeni uključivanjem u rad i potpunom implementacijom evropskog broja za hitne događaje 112 u integrisan informatičko-komunikacijski sistem. / The introduction of the European emergency number 112 in the Republic of Macedonia should provide benefits that will be implemented and regulated in accordance with the European legislative framework. This number has already provided numerous benefits to all member states of the European Union. Its implementation should be supported by the introduction of the latest technology information and communication solutions, hardware and software solutions tailored to the situation in the country. It will replace four current phone numbers for emergency calls that are a responsibility of the Ministry of Interior (192), local fire units (193), emergency care (194) and the Center for Crisis Management (195). These numbers are planned to be replaced by the European emergency number 112 together with its full implementation into the integrated information - communication center. / Внедрение единого европейского номера 112 по экстренным происшествиям на территории Республики Македония будет произведено в соответствии с европейскими стандартами и законодательными актами ЕС, с целью улучшения системы защиты населения. Преимущество внедрения единого номера 112 по экстренным происшествиям подтверждены Советом Европы и введением данной информационно-коммуникационной системы странами Евросоюза. Внедрение данной системы должно поддерживаться новейшими компьютерными технологиями и прогрессивным программным обеспечением, согласованными с возможностями государства. Необходимо объединить существующие телефонные номера по экстренным происшествиям, такие как: Министерство Внедрение единого европейского номера 112 по экстренным происшествиям на территории Республики Македония будет произведено в соответствии с европейскими стандартами и законодательными актами ЕС, с целью улучшения системы защиты населения. Преимущество внедрения единого номера 112 по экстренным происшествиям подтверждены Советом Европы и введением данной информационно-коммуникационной системы странами Евросоюза. Внедрение данной системы должно поддерживаться новейшими компьютерными технологиями и прогрессивным программным обеспечением, согласованными с возможностями государства. Необходимо объединить существующие телефонные номера по экстренным происшествиям, такие как: Министерство полиции (192), Пожарной охраны (193), Скорой медицинской помощи (194), Центра управления в кризисных ситуациях (195). Планируется заменить существующие номера по экстренным происшествиям единым европейским номером 112, интегрированным в общую информационно-коммуникационную систему Евросоюза.ны (193), Скорой медицинской помощи (194), Центра управления в кризисных ситуациях (195)

Improved technical characteristics of the Mi-8/17 in the Army of FYR Macedonia / Повышение технических характеристик вертолета Ми-8/17 в процессе вооружения Армии БЮР Македония / Poboljšanje tehničkih karakteristika helikoptera MI-8/17 u naoružanju vojske BJR Makedonije

Worldwide experience has shown that MI-8/17 helicopters are on the top of the middle class list of high performance multipurpose helicopters, flying at high altitudes in complex meteorological conditions. The paper addresses their development, transport, as well as rescuing and combat capabilities. The excellent technical characteristics of flight and their capabilities for uninterrupted and smooth performance of tasks demonstrate the reason why the Armed forces of the FYR of Macedonia decided to use Mi-8/17 helicopters and are determined to invest in their modernization and improvement of their technical capabilities. The modernization of the resources of armies is a continuous process, which is a part of all modern military security structures. Most armed forces do not economize the funds allocated for this purpose, due to the fact that they aspire to achieve the planned capabilities, so that they would attain the ultimate preparedness in terms of capabilities of the security forces regarding technology and trained personnel. / Практика в эксплуатации вертолетов МИ-8/17 в целом мире показала, что они являются лидерами между многоцелевыми вертолетами среднего класса высокого эксплуатационного качества с высоким порогом высоты полета при тяжелых метеорологических условиях. В данной работе большое внимание посвящено изучению развития транспортных, поисково- спасательных и боевых характеристик данных вертолетов. Превосходные технические характеристики в полете и их возможности непрерывного и качественного выполнения задач подтверждают правильность решения об инвестировании в модернизацию этих вертолетов, которое приняли Вооруженные силы БЮР Македонии, а также об инвестировании в повышение их технических характеристик. Модернизация средств в армии всегда является длительным процессом в любой современной структуре военной безопасности. Большинство армий не экономит средств на осуществление целей в усовершенствовании возможностей своей техники, для того чтобы впоследствии оказаться на вершине технологической безопасности и подготовленности своих кадров. / Iskustva iz celog sveta su pokazala da su helikopteri MI-8/17 na vrhu liste višenamenskih helikoptera srednje klase sa visokim performansama za visoko letenje u složenim vremenskim i meteorološkim uslovima. Cilj ovog rada je da se prouči njihov razvoj, kao i transportne, spasilačke i borbene mogućnosti ovih letelica. Odlične tehničke karakteristike za letenje i njihove sposobnosti za neometano i kvalitetno izvršavanje namenjenih zadataka pokazuju zašto je Vojska BJR Makedonije odlučila da ulaže u modernizaciju ovih helikoptera i usavršavanje njihovih tehničkih sposobnosti. Modernizacija sredstava u jednoj armiji je kontinuiran proces u svakoj savremenoj vojnobezbednosnoj strukturi. Veliki broj armija ne štedi sredstva namenjena za ove ciljeve, kako bi ostvarile osposobljenost snaga i obučenost ljudstva u skladu sa tehnologijom

Expert system for managing logistic processes / Экспертная система менаджмента в логистическом процессе / Ekspertski sistem za menadžiranje logističkih procesa

The management of resources is one of the three most important areas of management in defense, besides the information management and the human resources management. By defining the concepts of Information Systems, decision support systems, expert systems, as well as their component parts, the possibilities they offer and the way of their functioning, we have made an attempt to present the Logistics Information System as an Expert System. The growing importance and the need for fast, timely and continuous logistic support of military units imposes the need for introducing a computer automated system which will increase the work efficiency and will save time to managers and decision makers at all levels of the Command and Control in the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Macedonia. Having accurate information in appropriate time, especially regarding the availability of material resources, is a prerequisite for effectively managing logistic processes and for successfully performing tasks by military units. / Менеджмент ресурсов наряду с информационным менеджментом и менеджментом персонала является одной из важнейших областей управления в системе обороны. В результате определения таких понятий как: информационная система, система поддержки принятия решений, модульная система экспериментов, и их составляющих, а также в результате исследований их возможностей и эффективности, предпринята попытка преобразования логистической информационной системы в экпертную систему управления. Для быстрой, своевременной и бесперебойной логистической поддержки военных подразделений большое значение играет автоматизированная информационная система, повышающая эффективность работы и экономящая время менеджерам и командующим на принятия решений и мониторинг в Министерстве обороны Республики Македония. Своевременное получение точной информации о наличии материальных ресурсов является главным условием эффективного управления логистическим процессом и успешного выполнения поручений, выданных воинскими подразделениями. / Menadžment resursa predstavlja jednu od tri najvažnije oblasti za menadžment u odbrani, između informatičkog menadžmenta i menadžmenta ljudskim resursima. Preko definisanja pojmova informatički sistem, sistem za podršku odlučivanju, sistem za eksperimentisanje, kao i komponente koje ih sačinjavaju, mogućnosti koje nude i način njihovog funkcionisanja, učinjen je pokušaj da se prevede logistički informatički sistem u ekspertski sistem. Veliki značaj za brzu, pravovremenu i kontinuiranu logističku podršku vojnih jedinica nameće potrebu za uvođenjem informatički automatizovanog sistema koji će da poveća efikasnost u radu i uštedi vreme menadžerima i donosiocima odluka komandovanja i kontrole u Ministarstvu odbrane Republike Makedonije. Pravovremeno raspolaganje tačnim informacijama koje se odnose na raspoloživost materijalnih resursa predstavlja preduslov za efikasno upravljanje logističkim procesima i uspešno izvršavanje zadataka vojnih jedinica

State of the art of audio- and video-based solutions for AAL

It is a matter of fact that Europe is facing more and more crucial challenges regarding health and social care due to the demographic change and the current economic context. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has stressed this situation even further, thus highlighting the need for taking action. Active and Assisted Living (AAL) technologies come as a viable approach to help facing these challenges, thanks to the high potential they have in enabling remote care and support. Broadly speaking, AAL can be referred to as the use of innovative and advanced Information and Communication Technologies to create supportive, inclusive and empowering applications and environments that enable older, impaired or frail people to live independently and stay active longer in society. AAL capitalizes on the growing pervasiveness and effectiveness of sensing and computing facilities to supply the persons in need with smart assistance, by responding to their necessities of autonomy, independence, comfort, security and safety. The application scenarios addressed by AAL are complex, due to the inherent heterogeneity of the end-user population, their living arrangements, and their physical conditions or impairment. Despite aiming at diverse goals, AAL systems should share some common characteristics. They are designed to provide support in daily life in an invisible, unobtrusive and user-friendly manner. Moreover, they are conceived to be intelligent, to be able to learn and adapt to the requirements and requests of the assisted people, and to synchronise with their specific needs. Nevertheless, to ensure the uptake of AAL in society, potential users must be willing to use AAL applications and to integrate them in their daily environments and lives. In this respect, video- and audio-based AAL applications have several advantages, in terms of unobtrusiveness and information richness. Indeed, cameras and microphones are far less obtrusive with respect to the hindrance other wearable sensors may cause to one’s activities. In addition, a single camera placed in a room can record most of the activities performed in the room, thus replacing many other non-visual sensors. Currently, video-based applications are effective in recognising and monitoring the activities, the movements, and the overall conditions of the assisted individuals as well as to assess their vital parameters (e.g., heart rate, respiratory rate). Similarly, audio sensors have the potential to become one of the most important modalities for interaction with AAL systems, as they can have a large range of sensing, do not require physical presence at a particular location and are physically intangible. Moreover, relevant information about individuals’ activities and health status can derive from processing audio signals (e.g., speech recordings). Nevertheless, as the other side of the coin, cameras and microphones are often perceived as the most intrusive technologies from the viewpoint of the privacy of the monitored individuals. This is due to the richness of the information these technologies convey and the intimate setting where they may be deployed. Solutions able to ensure privacy preservation by context and by design, as well as to ensure high legal and ethical standards are in high demand. After the review of the current state of play and the discussion in GoodBrother, we may claim that the first solutions in this direction are starting to appear in the literature. A multidisciplinary debate among experts and stakeholders is paving the way towards AAL ensuring ergonomics, usability, acceptance and privacy preservation. The DIANA, PAAL, and VisuAAL projects are examples of this fresh approach. This report provides the reader with a review of the most recent advances in audio- and video-based monitoring technologies for AAL. It has been drafted as a collective effort of WG3 to supply an introduction to AAL, its evolution over time and its main functional and technological underpinnings. In this respect, the report contributes to the field with the outline of a new generation of ethical-aware AAL technologies and a proposal for a novel comprehensive taxonomy of AAL systems and applications. Moreover, the report allows non-technical readers to gather an overview of the main components of an AAL system and how these function and interact with the end-users. The report illustrates the state of the art of the most successful AAL applications and functions based on audio and video data, namely (i) lifelogging and self-monitoring, (ii) remote monitoring of vital signs, (iii) emotional state recognition, (iv) food intake monitoring, activity and behaviour recognition, (v) activity and personal assistance, (vi) gesture recognition, (vii) fall detection and prevention, (viii) mobility assessment and frailty recognition, and (ix) cognitive and motor rehabilitation. For these application scenarios, the report illustrates the state of play in terms of scientific advances, available products and research project. The open challenges are also highlighted. The report ends with an overview of the challenges, the hindrances and the opportunities posed by the uptake in real world settings of AAL technologies. In this respect, the report illustrates the current procedural and technological approaches to cope with acceptability, usability and trust in the AAL technology, by surveying strategies and approaches to co-design, to privacy preservation in video and audio data, to transparency and explainability in data processing, and to data transmission and communication. User acceptance and ethical considerations are also debated. Finally, the potentials coming from the silver economy are overviewed.peer-reviewe

The genomic history of southeastern Europe

Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-seventh millennium bc, and was associated with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the southeast before spreading throughout Europe. Here, to understand the dynamics of this process, we analysed genome-wide ancient DNA data from 225 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12000 and 500 bc. We document a west-east cline of ancestry in indigenous hunter-gatherers and, in eastern Europe, the early stages in the formation of Bronze Age steppe ancestry. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe dispersed through southeastern Europe with limited hunter-gatherer admixture, but that some early groups in the southeast mixed extensively with hunter-gatherers without the sex-biased admixture that prevailed later in the north and west. We also show that southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between east and west after the arrival of farmers, with intermittent genetic contact with steppe populations occurring up to 2,000 years earlier than the migrations from the steppe that ultimately replaced much of the population of northern Europe.Iain Mathieson … Wolfgang Haak … David Reic