Efficacy of MRI in the differential diagnosis of odontogenic keratocyst: literature review

According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2017), the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is classified as an odon­togenic developmental cyst, with origins from the cellular remnants of the dental lamina. The characteristics of a high rate of cell proliferation, relapse and aggressive growth guide the choice of the type of surgical treatment for the lesion and, consequently, the prognosis. The use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the differential diagnosis of odon­togenic lesions does not replace anatomopathological examination, but the types of protocols already described illustra­te the influence of these different protocols on the qualitative and quantitative description of keratocysts. We conclude that magnetic resonance imaging is valid as a tool to aid diagnosis of odontogenic lesions, especially for differential diagnosis studies between odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS, 2017), o ceratocisto odontogênico (CO) é classificado como um cisto odontogênico de desenvolvimento, com origem nos restos celulares da lâmina dentária. A alta taxa de proliferação celular, recaída e crescimento agressivo direciona a escolha do tipo de tratamento cirúrgico para a lesão e, consequentemente, para seu prognóstico. O uso da ressonância magnética (RM) para o diagnóstico diferencial das lesões odontogênicas não substitui os exames anatomopatológicos, mas os tipos de protocolos já descritos il­ustram a influência desses diferentes protocolos na descrição quantitativa e qualitativa dos ceratocistos. Concluímos que a ressonância magnética é válida como ferramenta de auxílio para o diagnóstico de lesões odontogênicas, principalmente em estudos de diagnóstico diferencial entre ceratocistos odontogênicos e ameloblastomas

Síndrome de Osler-Weber-Rendu

Homem, 68anos, com história de anemia e episódios frequentes de epistaxe e obstrução nasal pouco responsivos à terapêutica usual, apresentava telangiectasias nas mucosas nasal e oral. Lesão polipóide de seu septo nasal teve como diagnóstico histológico hemagioma capilar. Realizada angiotomografia computadorizada do tórax, que demonstrou malformações arteriovenosas, confirmando o diagnóstico da Síndrome de Osler-Weber-Rendu

Efficacy and safety of very early mobilization after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized clinical trial.

Stroke has a deleterious impact on human health due to its high incidence, degree of disabling sequelae and mortality, constituting one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of very early mobilization (VEMG) after thrombolysis in functional recovery in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The present study was an open, prospective, randomized study, with no blinded outcome, carried out in the stroke unit of a tertiary referral hospital located in Salvador-Bahia, Brazil. The primary outcome was the level of functional independence. Secondary outcomes were functional mobility, balance, complications within 7 days of hospitalization and 90 days after hospital discharge, and length of stay. A total of 104 patients with ischemic stroke who received thrombolytic treatment between August 2020 and July 2021 were prospectively recruited to the study. Of these, 51 patients received VEMG within 24 h of the ictus and another 53 patients receiving usual care (UCG) with mobilization 24 h after the ictus. When compared to the usual care, the VEMG group was not associated with a significant reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (relative risk [95% confidence intervals]: 0.74 [0.339-1.607]) or any of the secondary outcomes. In this study, the strategy of early mobilization after thrombolysis in ischemic stroke was safe, but without evidence of short-term benefit. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials under the registry (registry number: RBR-8bgcs3). [Abstract copyright: © 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

Neuromuscular training and muscle strengthening in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a protocol of randomized controlled trial

Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common musculoskeletal condition, particularly among women. Patients with PFPS usually experience weakness in the gluteal muscles, as well as pain and impaired motor control during activities of daily living. Strengthening the hip muscles is an effective way of treating this disorder. Neuromuscular training has also been identified as a therapeutic tool, although the benefits of this intervention in patients with PFPS patients remain inconclusive.Design: This is a protocol of randomized controlled trial with a blind assessor. Thirty-four women with a clinical diagnosis of PFPS participated. These participants were allocated into two groups (experimental and control). the experimental group performed twelve sessions to strengthen the knee extensors, hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in association with neuromuscular training of the trunk and lower extremities. the control group performed the same number of sessions to strengthen the muscles of the hip and knee. the primary outcome was functional capacity (Anterior Knee Pain Scale - AKPS) at 4 weeks. Pain intensity, muscle strength and kinematic changes were also measured during the step down test after four weeks of intervention. Follow up assessments were conducted after three and six months to assess functional capacity and pain. the effects of the treatment (i.e. between-group differences) were calculated using mixed linear models.Discussion: the present study was initiated on the 1st of April 2013 and is currently in progress. the results of this study may introduce another effective technique of conservative treatment and could guide physical therapists in the clinical decision-making process for women with PFPS.Univ Nove Julho, Dept Rehabil Sci, Human Mot Anal Lab, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-11060000 São Paulo, BrazilIrmandade Santa Casa Misericordia, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Cidade São Paulo, Masters & Doctoral Programs Phys Therapy, São Paulo, BrazilGeorge Inst Global Hlth, Musculoskeletal Div, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-11060000 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Sex Differences in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Adjusted for Skeletal Muscle Mass in Amateur Endurance Athletes: A Cross Sectional Study

Male athletes tend to outperform female athletes in several endurance sports. Maximum cardiac output can be estimated by maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max), and it has been established that men present V˙O2max values about 20% higher than women. Although sex differences in V˙O2max have already been well studied, few studies have assessed sex differences with regard to muscle oxidative capacity. The aim of this study was to compare aerobic muscle quality, accessed by V˙O2max and adjusted by lower limb lean mass, between male and female amateur triathletes. The study also aimed to compare sex differences according to V˙O2 submaximal values assessed at ventilatory thresholds. A total of 57 participants (23 women and 34 men), who had been training for Olympic-distance triathlon races, underwent body composition evaluation by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and performed a cardiorespiratory maximal test on a treadmill. Male athletes had significantly higher V˙O2max, both absolutely and when adjusted to body mass. Conversely, when V˙O2max was adjusted for lean mass, there was no significant difference between sexes. The same was observed at submaximal exercise intensities. In conclusion, differences in V˙O2max adjusted to body mass but not lean mass may explain, at least in part, sex differences in performance in triathlons, marathons, cycling, and other endurance sports

"Impact of aging on maximal oxygen uptake adjusted for lower limb lean mass, total body mass, and absolute values in runners"

Performance in endurance sports decreases with aging, which has been primarily attributed to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal aging; however, there is still no clear information on the factors that are most affected by aging. The aim of this study was to compare two groups of runners ( 50 years of age) according to their absolute, weight-adjusted maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O$_{2}$max), lower limb lean mass-adjusted V̇O$_{2}$max, ventilatory threshold, and respiratory compensation point (RCP). A total of 78 male recreational long-distance runners were divided into Group 1 (38.12 ± 6.87 years) and Group 2 (57.55 ± 6.14 years). Participants were evaluated for body composition, V̇O$_{2}$max, VT, and RCP. Group 1 showed higher absolute and body mass-adjusted V̇O$_{2}$max (4.60 ± 0.57 l·min$^{-1}$ and 61.95 ± 8.25 ml·kg$^{-1}$·min$^{-1}$, respectively) than Group 2 (3.77 ± 0.56 l·min$^{-1}$ and 51.50 ± 10.22 ml·kg$^{-1}$·min$^{-1}$, respectively), indicating a significant difference (p < 0.001, d =  - 1.46 and p < 0.001, d =  - 1.16). Correspondingly, Group 1 showed a significantly higher lower limb lean mass-adjusted V̇O$_{2}$max (251.72 ± 29.60 ml·kgLM$^{-1}$·min$^{-1}$) than Group 2 (226.36 ± 43.94 ml·kgLM$^{-1}$·min$^{-1}$) (p = 0.008, d =  - 0.71). VT (%V̇O$_{2}$max) (p = 0.19, d = 0.19) and RCP (%V̇O$_{2}$max) (p = 0.24, d = 0.22) did not differ between the groups. These findings suggest that both variables that are limited by central or peripheral conditions are negatively affected by aging, but the magnitude of the effect is higher in variables limited by central conditions. These results contribute to our understanding of how aging affects master runners

Physiological Features of Olympic-Distance Amateur Triathletes, as Well as Their Associations with Performance in Women and Men: A Cross–Sectional Study

The purpose of this study was to verify the physiological and anthropometric determinants of triathlon performance in female and male athletes. This study included 40 triathletes (20 male and 20 female). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to assess body composition, and an incremental cardiopulmonary test was used to assess physiological variables. A questionnaire about physical training habits was also completed by the athletes. Athletes competed in the Olympic-distance triathlon race. For the female group, the total race time can be predicted by V̇O2max (β = −131, t = −6.61, p < 0.001), lean mass (β = −61.4, t = −2.66, p = 0.018), and triathlon experience (β = −886.1, t = −3.01, p = 0.009) (r2 = 0.825, p < 0.05). For the male group, the total race time can be predicted by maximal aerobic speed (β = −294.1, t = −2.89, p = 0.010) and percentage of body fat (β = 53.6, t = 2.20, p = 0.042) (r2 = 0.578, p < 0.05). The variables that can predict the performance of men are not the same as those that can predict the triathlon performance of women. These data can help athletes and coaches develop performance-enhancing strategies

Effect of Two Years of COVID-19 Pandemic on Maximum Oxygen Uptake among Amateur Runners: A Prospective Study

In this prospective study we compared the maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O$_2$max), physical activity levels, and time spent on a sedentary lifestyle measured before the COVID-19 pandemic period (January 2020) with that measured two years after (January 2022). Thirty-four male runners (46.8 ± 11.7 years) answered a questionnaire that consisted of personal data, health conditions, and current level of physical activity. They participated in cardiopulmonary maximal exercise tests for V̇O$_2$max assessment between January 2020 and January 2022. We observed a significant decrease (16.7 ± 7.3%) in V̇O$_2$max in January 2022 compared to January 2020 (p<0.001, d=2.152). Despite no change in physical activity levels between the two evaluations (p=0.07, d=0.325) being recorded, there was a reduction in the time dedicated to performing vigorous-intensity activities (p=0.03, d=0.035), a significant increase in walking time (p=0.04, d= -0.42), and a significant increase in the weekly sitting time (p<0.001, d=0.77). The observed change in the physical activity pattern during the COVID-19 pandemic (increased sitting time and decreased vigorous activities) negatively impacted the functional capacity of the amateur runners, as shown by the V̇O$_2$max assessment. Therefore there is a need to reduce sedentary behavior, such as sitting time throughout the day, in addition to the importance to increase the physical activity pattern