Comparative Analysis of Viperidae Venoms Antibacterial Profile: a Short Communication for Proteomics

Bacterial infections involving multidrug-resistant strains are one of the ten leading causes of death and an important health problem in need for new antibacterial sources and agents. Herein, we tested and compared four snake venoms (Agkistrodon rhodostoma, Bothrops jararaca, B. atrox and Lachesis muta) against 10 Gram-positive and Gram-negative drug-resistant clinical bacteria strains to identify them as new sources of potential antibacterial molecules. Our data revealed that, as efficient as some antibiotics currently on the market (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1–32 μg mL−1), A. rhodostoma and B. atrox venoms were active against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 4.5 μg mL−1), while B. jararaca inhibited S. aureus growth (MIC = 13 μg ml−1). As genomic and proteomic technologies are improving and developing rapidly, our results suggested that A. rhodostoma, B. atrox and B. jararaca venoms and glands are feasible sources for searching antimicrobial prototypes for future design new antibiotics against drug-resistant clinical bacteria. They also point to an additional perspective to fully identify the pharmacological potential of these venoms by using different techniques

FITOSSOCIOLOGIA DA COMUNIDADE DE PLANTAS DANINHAS NA CULTURA DA SOJA TRANSGÊNICA SOB DOIS SISTEMAS DE PREPARO DO SOLO

Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar o levantamento fitossociológico de plantas daninhas antes e após aplicação de herbicidas pós-emergentes na cultura da soja transgênica. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com os herbicidas: lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl (150 + 50 g ha-1), imazethapyr + fomesafen (100 + 250 g ha-1) e glyphosate (1000g ha-1) nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. As amostragens de plantas daninhas ocorreram em quatro épocas: antes da aplicação dos herbicidas (estádio V2); aos sete dias após aplicação dos herbicidas (estádio V4); no início do florescimento da cultura (R1) e em pré-colheita da soja (estádio R8), utilizando quadrado inventário (0,25 m²) jogado ao acaso nas parcelas por duas vezes. As espécies vegetais amostradas foram identificadas, contadas e pesadas para obtenção dos parâmetros fitossociológicos. As plantas daninhas de maior densidade, abundância e índice de valor de importância no local foram: Brachiaria plantaginea, Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea sp., Cyperus rotundus e Digitaria horizontalis. No sistema de plantio convencional B. plantaginea e C. rotundus apresentaram os maiores índices de valor de importância, e no sistema de plantio direto B. plantaginea e D. horizontalis. Ao final do ciclo da cultura, no sistema de plantio convencional, o controle feito com somente glyphosate permitiu reinfestação por C. rotundus. No sistema de plantio direto, nessa mesma época, observouse predomínio de B. plantaginea seguida por D. horizontalis, sendo que a última não esteve presente nas parcelas tratadas com imazethapyr + fomesafen.  Abstract This objective of this work was to carry out a phytosociological assessment of the weed communiy before and after post-emergents herbicides application on transgenic soy crop. The treatments were arranged in random blocks by using:lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl (150 + 50 g ha-1), imazethapyr + fomesafen (100 + 250 g ha-1) and glyphosate(1000 g ha-1) underno-tillage and conventional systems. The weed community sampling occurred in four seasons: before herbicide application (V2 stage); seven days after herbicide application (V4 stage); at the beginning of flowerage (R1) and at soy pre-harvest (R8 stage), using the inventory square method applied through a square of 0.25 m², randomly placed twice. The species found were identified, counted and weighed to obtain phytosociological parameters. The families that showed higher density, abundance and importance value index in the area were: Brachiaria plantaginea, Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea sp., Cyperus rotundus and Digitaria horizontalis, meanwhile B. plantaginea and C. rotundus showed higher importance value index under conventional system and B. plantaginea and D. horizontalis showed importance value index under no-tillage systems. Comparing the systems, at the end of the crop cycle, the management using only glyphosate under conventional system allowed a significative C. rotundus infestation. Under no-tillage system, at the same season, B. plantaginea predominated followed by D. horizontalis wasn’t present in parcels treated with imazethapyr + fomesafen

Applications of generalized integral transform technique in the rapid solidification of metallic metals in the planar flow casting process / Aplicações da técnica de transformação integral generalizada na solidificação rápida de metais metálicos no processo de fundição em fluxo planar

The Planar Flow Casting (PFC) is a single-stage fast solidification technique to produce thin metallic ribbons. The objective of this research is to develop a mathematical model to analyze the phenomenon of heat transfer and phase change during the formation of the puddle, to determine the interface position and velocity and the temperature profile. The applied methodology consists of the use of the energy balance, where the equations of the energy (liquid and solid phases), and the equation of the interface are transformed through the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) being solved by the NDSolve routine of the Matemathica. This tool was capable to solve problem, can study the fast cooling of metals and obtain ribbons of thickness controlled by the speed of the wheel and for the heat transfer coefficient. Considering that the height of the pool is very small and the process time is very short, many eigenvalues were used to obtain the solution convergence. The results of the temperature distribution along the length of the puddle, the evolution of the solidification front and the interface velocity were compared with existing results in the literature, obtaining good harmony.

Protagonismo Feminino no Agronegócio: Desafios e Oportunidades no Cooperativismo

O presente estudo tem como tema o protagonismo feminino no agronegócio. Como recorte ressalta os desafios e oportunidades que se apresentam à mulher no âmbito do cooperativismo. A problemática envolve: como o cooperativismo, por intermédio do Coopergênero, pode contribuir para o enfrentamento das desigualdades de gênero, quanto às mulheres que atuam no agronegócio? Justifica-se a pesquisa pela falta de visibilidade, reconhecimento e valorização da mulher. É inegável que o trabalho feminino contribui significativamente para o crescimento de toda a cadeia do agronegócio. Portanto, que se houvesse equidade de gênero, fomentada por políticas públicas, o impacto destas no PIB global seria maior. Como objetivo geral, buscou-se identificar os desafios e oportunidades do público feminino nas Cooperativas do Agronegócio. Para alcançar esta proposta, desenvolveu-se os objetivos específicos: discorrer sobre o protagonismo feminino; analisar o papel das mulheres cooperativistas; delinear ambientes inseguros de trabalho e ações discriminatórias e violentas expostas às trabalhadoras. A metodologia adotada foi o método indutivo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. As hipóteses apontam que o trabalho realizado pelas mulheres traz um diferencial para o setor, em especial por conta de algumas peculiaridades delas, que são compatíveis com o agronegócio. No entanto, mesmo após conquistar certo espaço, ainda há necessidade de provar sua competência para obter respeito. Os resultados demonstram oportunidades desiguais e desafios complexos, obrigando as mulheres a travar lutas constantes por reconhecimento. Considera-se que, mesmo distante a equidade de gênero, com oportunidades para homens e mulheres no ambiente de trabalho rural, o cooperativismo é uma ferramenta eficiente para acelerar este processo

Infrared Video Thermometry Guidance for Surgical Correction of Chylothorax in Dogs

Background: Macroscopic identification of the extravasation site of chyle in patients with chylothorax is a major challenge. Current forms of identification are invasive and/or expose patients to radiation, as in computerized tomography and radiography. A prototype device that uses infrared video thermometry images to detect temperature increments of 0.1ºC has been developed. This device can process and show real-time images or video on a monitor during surgeries. Therefore, the aim of this work was to report the first successful case in which this innovative device was tested in the transoperative period to identify the thoracic duct and its tributaries in a chylothorax surgery performed in a dog.Case: A 2-year-old male dog of the Shiba Inu breed was presented to the veterinary hospital with exercise intolerance, cough, emaciation, and no history of trauma. Clinical examination was performed along with complete blood count, biochemical analysis, and thoracic radiography. The patient exhibited dyspnea and had diminished breath sounds on chest auscultation. Radiographic images revealed moderate pleural effusion. The dog was anesthetized and submitted to thoracotomy, which enabled visualization of a chylous effusion. A sample of the effusion was collected for cytological and biochemical analyses. Subsequently, pericardiectomy was carried out, and identification of the thoracic duct and its tributaries was guided by an innovative device that generates infrared video thermometry images in real time. The extravasation site of the chylewas visualized on the images shown on a monitor. Consequently, after ligation of the tributary vessel, interruption of chyle overflow could be noticed on the monitor. Thoracotomy was routinely closed, and a drain was placed through an intercostal space after incision. Thirty days after the surgery, the dog exhibited no signs of recurrence. Cytological and biochemical analyses of the effusion revealed an abnormal transudate that had a density of 1,030 g/cm3, alkaline pH, predominance of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and high levels of proteins, triglycerides and cholesterol. These results indicated that the effusion analyzed was chyle.Discussion: Macroscopic aspects of an effusion alone should not be used to make a definitive diagnosis; cytological, physical, and biochemical evaluations are indispensable. The specimen analyzed had a higher concentration of triglycerides than blood, and its cholesterol concentration was lower than that found in blood. Findings like these have already been reported as indicative of chylous effusion. Thoracic duct ligation is the most used technique for correction of chylothorax, and is the technique with better outcomes. Thermometry has already been used for clinical examination in several diseases. However, the innovative device used in this study has the advantage of being noninvasive, and was able to guide the surgeon during the surgery to locate the thoracic duct and precisely identify the tributary lymphatic vessel responsible for the chylous effusion. The physical space occupied by the device did not disturb the surgical team since a small infrared image generator was placed one meter above the patient to take high definition images of the entire animal in the evaluation field. The thermometry device was very useful, non-invasive, and precise to differentiate thoracic structures and to identify the siteof extravasation of chyle. It also allowed a more interactive and precise surgical approach by the surgical team, which was essential to the success of the surgery.Keywords: chyle extravasation, infrared diagnosis, surgery, thorax

Heavy Metal Poisoning in a Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Background: In recent decades the demand for unconventional pets has been relatively increasing, a situation that increasingly causes veterinarians to encounter these animals in medical and surgical practice. Of these animals, the birds stand out. Animals of the order Psittaciform are known as very curious and active creatures that have the tendency to chew objectsin their environment. Among the several occurrences that lead this animal to attend the veterinary clinic, we highlight the poisoning by heavy metals, especially lead poisoning (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The objective of this work was to report a case of heavy metal intoxication in cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).Case: A cockatiel was taken to the veterinarian with a history of apathy, motor incoordination, exacerbated water consumption and regurgitation. Complete anamnesis was instrumental in directing suspected heavy metal intoxication. Radiopaque particles were visualized through radiographic examination, suggesting heavy metal intoxication. The diagnosis wasconcluded through complementary examinations since the clinical symptoms are nonspecific. The treatment was intended to provide emergency intervention, avoid further absorption, use of antidotes, provide supportive measures and provide guidance to the owner. It can be concluded that the diagnosis and treatment were successful.Discussion: Metal poisoning can kill birds. The veterinarian should always seek the literature in order to perform the best support and treatment. For this, detailed history and detailed medical history must be taken into account, since the time of ingestion and the type of metal interfere with the therapeutic conduct. The use of imaging tests such as x-rays andultrasound are essential to assist the clinician, especially in cases where the tutor does not know whether or not the animal has ingested an object. In the radiographic examination, the heavy metal has the characteristic of having high radiopacity, which was evidenced in the case in question. Radiographic positions should be considered in order to avoid false negatives. In the literature, the treatment of chelation therapy is prioritized to remove the circulating heavy metal and thus act on the cause of the problem. In the case in question calcium EDTA was used intramuscularly, which showed clinical improvement in the animal after the second application. Calcium EDTA binds to metals and facilitates their transport and excretion. The use of fluid therapy is necessary as a supportive treatment to prevent kidney damage, since heavy metals are highlyharmful to nephrons. Especially in cases where the animal stops feeding and ingesting water. The use of antibiotics is essential because in many cases the animal, in addition to not feeding, becomes prone to infections due to metal toxicity, therefore, prophylactic use is essential for a better prognosis. In the case in question, the use of enrofloxacin was effective,as reported in the literature. It is recommended that the diagnosis of serum lead and zinc dosage should be made, however, due to the difficulties of obtaining the samples, and since other metals may also cause intoxication, in the case in question the treatment was started without these results. According to the results obtained in this work, the treatment described in the literature is effective and can be performed immediately to save animal life without subsequent sequelae.Keywords: bird, lead, zinc, calcium EDTA

Resposta do tomate cereja à adubação organomineral para incremento na produtividade

In tomato cultivation, the need to optimize production due to the high demand for nutrients and cultural treatments is notorious. Given this demand for organomineral, as a technological alternative for plant nutrition and production. Thus, the presented evaluate the plant growth, production and plant growth, the growth of the cherry tomato crop- Being different dosages of the organization of work - Being different in the percentages of 40% percentages; 80%; 160% and 320% and a mineral treatment (NPK both), provided according to the needs of the culture. Tomatoes, presence of plant growth, dry matter composition and root system, photometrics and plant productivity, floral cluster photograms, fruit weight and shelf life of cherry cherry. Observing that the offer of the organomineral to the culture, it was obtained as the best averages for the treatment in the proportion of tomato of 40% in the plant growth, physiological aspects and for the shelf life. Results, for the productivity values, the treatment with organomineral 80% obtained better results than the other treatments. In the natural curvature of yield 3 for variable yield for variable yield, it is determined as the ideal dose of 19% of the recommended dose of NPK fruit fertilization. The tomato has high demand, and the results found elucidate the nutrition with organomineral, especially at doses of 40% and 80% of the recommended fertilization, that the tomato plant absorbs nutrients more efficiently, favoring the growth of the crop, tomato productivity and the post-harvest quality.Na cultura do tomate é notório a necessidade de otimização da produção pela alta demanda de nutrientes e tratos culturais. Atendendo esta demanda, surge o organomineral como alternativa tecnológica para a nutrição e a produção de plantas. Sendo assim, o estudo avaliou o crescimento da planta, a produção e o pós-colheita do tomate cereja submetido a diferentes dosagens de organomineral peletizado, nas porcentagens de 0%, 40%; 80%; 160% e 320% e um tratamento mineral (NPK), ambos fornecidos conforme a necessidade da cultura. Avaliou-se variáveis de crescimento das plantas, acúmulo de matéria seca da parte aérea e sistema radicular, variáveis fisiológicas e produtividade das plantas, presença de cacho floral, peso dos frutos e tempo de prateleira de tomate cereja. Observou-se que a oferta do organomineral à cultura do tomate, obteve-se as melhores médias para o tratamento na proporção de 40% no crescimento da planta, aspectos fisiológicos e para o tempo de prateleira. Contudo, para os valores de produtividade, o tratamento com organomineral 80% obtiveram resultados superiores aos demais tratamentos. Na curva característica de regressão para as doses de organomineral para a variável produtividade, determinou-se como dose ideal o percentual de 193% da dose recomendada de adubação NPK para produção de frutos. O tomateiro apresenta alta exigência nutricional, e os resultados encontrados elucidam que a nutrição com organomineral, principalmente nas doses de 40% e 80% da adubação recomendada, permite que o tomateiro absorva os nutrientes de forma mais eficiente, favorecendo o crescimento da cultura, a produtividade e a qualidade pós-colheita

A INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DAS PRÁTICAS DE GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA NO SETOR PÚBLICO: um estudo na Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Ceará

A demanda por governança corporativa nas empresas brasileiras tem sido cada vez mais frequente, assim como a necessidade da institucionalização dessas práticas também no setor público. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como questionamento principal: como tem ocorrido o processo de institucionalização da governança corporativa na Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Ceará (CAGECE)? O objetivo consiste em identificar o estágio de institucionalização das práticas de GC, à luz do modelo de Tolbert e Zucker (1999). A metodologia utilizada é o estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, mediante pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de entrevistas e de pesquisa documental. Foi possível identificar que os fatores determinantes para implementação da GC estão relacionados com a legislação, como a Lei Nº 13.303/2016, forças de mercado, como as exigências da CVM, e órgãos financiadores. As práticas levantadas encontram-se em fase de desenvolvimento e aprimoramento devido às pressões recebidas

Application of corrective formula for intraocular pressure changes in patients that underwent LASIK

OBJETIVO: Comparar a pressão intraocular (PIO) pré e pós-LASIK, correlacionando-as com as mudanças da espessura corneana central (ECC) e ceratometria simulada média (K), assim como verificar o resultado de fórmula corretiva proposta anteriormente. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal, prospectivo, realizado em pacientes submetidos a LASIK. Os pacientes foram submetidos ao exame oftalmológico completo, no pré operatório e após 2 meses da cirurgia. A pressão intraocular foi avaliada com tonômetro de aplanação de Goldmann entre 9 h e 11 h da manhã, a ceratometria simulada média foi avaliada por meio de topografia corneana e a espessura corneana central foi aferida por paquímetro ultrassônico, sendo considerada a média de três aferições. Foram excluídos dois pacientes com cirurgias ou doenças oculares prévias, e uso prévio de corticosteróide tópico nos últimos três meses. As cirurgias foram realizadas de acordo com os procedimentos-padrão. Foi utilizada a fórmula [PIO real = PIO aferida + (540 - ECC)/71 + (43 - K)/2,7 + 0,75 mmHg] proposta para correção da pressão intraocular pós-operatória. RESULTADOS: Quinze olhos de oito pacientes foram avaliados, a idade variou de 24 a 46 anos (média: 31,37 ± 7,27). Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre as medidas da pressão intraocular, de ceratometria simulada média e da espessura corneana central pré e pós-LASIK. (p=0,0001). Foi observado que para cada 1D corrigida, há uma subestimação, em média, de 1,06 ± 0,59 mmHg (0,11 a 1,89 mmHg). A aplicação da fórmula corretiva levou a 80% dos olhos com a tonometria estimada entre ± 2,50 mmHg da pré-operatória, no entanto, quando comparada com a tonometria pré-operatória, estas são estatisticamente diferentes (p=0,0266). CONCLUSÕES: Os olhos submetidos a LASIK apresentaram PIO pós-operatória menor do que a pré-operatória. A pressão intraocular pôde ser moderadamente correlacionada com a espessura corneana central e fracamente com a ceratometria simulada média. Não houve correlação entre a profundidade de ablação e a variação da pressão intraocular, no pós-operatório. Usando a fórmula proposta, pudemos averiguar que 80% dos pacientes apresentaram pressão intraocular entre ± 2,50 mmHg da pré-operatória.PURPOSE: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) pre and post LASIK, correlating it to changes in central corneal thickness (CCT) and average simulated keratometry (K), as well as verifying the results of a corrective formula previously proposed. METHODS: Longitudinal prospective study conducted in outpatients that underwent to LASIK. Patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, previously and 2 months after the surgery. Intraocular pressure was evaluated with Goldmann applanation tonometer between 9 am and 11 am, average simulated keratometry was evaluated using corneal topography and central corneal thickness was measured with ultrasound pachymetry, been considered the average of three measurements. Two patients were excluded due to surgery or eye disease, and previous use of topical steroids over the past three months. The surgeries were performed according to standard procedures. The formula [real IOP = IOP measured + (540 - ECC)/71 + (43 - K)/2.7 + 0.75 mmHg] proposed for correcting intraocular pressure was used. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes of eight patients were evaluated, age ranged from 24 to 46 years (mean: 31.37 ± 7.27). There was a statistically significant difference between the measurements of intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness and average simulated keratometry pre and post-LASIK. (p=0.0001). It was observed that each 1D corrected underestimated the IOP 1.06 ± 0.59 mmHg (0.11 a 1.89 mmHg). The use of the corrective formula lead to 80% of eyes within 2.50 mmHg of preoperative intraocular pressure. Although, the two sets of data are statistically different (p=0.0266). CONCLUSIONS: Post LASIK eyes presented lower intraocular pressure than preoperatively. Intraocular pressure was moderately correlated to central corneal thickness and weakly correlated to average simulated keratometry. With the use of the corrective formula, we were able to determine that 80% were within 2.50 mmHg of the preoperative intraocular pressure