Best Practices for Improving Subgrade Drainage

This project developed a high-level best practices guidance document for the design/installation of subsurface drainage. This Tool serves as a guide to assist agencies in understanding drainage problems and options to consider for mitigating structural damage to pavements due to moisture. The weather and soil conditions vary drastically across Minnesota. Engineers should use their engineering judgment and seek expert guidance when necessary

Greenhouse gas emissions from a Western Australian finfish supply chain

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the form of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 - eq) from two Western Australian finfish supply chains, from harvest to retail outlet, were measured using streamlined life cycle assessment methodology. The identification of interventions to potentially reduce the GHG emissions was determined from the results obtained. Electricity consumption contributed to the highest GHG emissions within the supply chains measured, followed by refrigeration gas leakage and disposal of unused fish portions. Potential cleaner production strategies (CPS) to reduce these impacts included installing solar panels, recycling the waste, good housekeeping in refrigeration equipment maintenance, and input substitution of refrigeration gas. The results show a combination of these strategies have the potential to reduce up to 35% of the total GHG emissions from fillet harvest, processing and retail