Analysis and comparison of current e-mail clients

E-mail on tänapäeval üks olulisemaid kommunikatsioonivahendeid Internetis. See või-maldab teateid vahetada erinevates asukohtades ning ajavööndites viibivate inimeste vahel. E-mailide hulga kasvades muutub nende haldamine üha raskemaks. Suurest hulgast e-mailidest vajaliku info leidmine ei ole kerge. Seetõttu on tänapäeval enamasti meiliklientidesse sisse ehitatud vahendid, millega e-mailide haldamist ja neist info leidmist lihtsustatakse. Hetkel võimaldavad meilikliendid enamasti vaid tekstiotsinguid. See tähendab, et võimalik on leida ainult infot, mis otseselt kirjas on. Meilikliendid ei suuda ridade vahelt lugeda ja erinevaid infokilde omavahel seostada. See tähendab, et väga raske on vastata küsimustele nagu "Kellele ma veel pean vastama?" või "Kas see teade on seotud minu tööga?". Sellistele küsimustele vastamine nõuaks programmilt kirja konteksti ja tähenduse täielikku mõistmist. Kuna hetkel on meiliklientides kirjadest aru saamise tehnoloogia alles lapsekingades, tuleb eelnevalt mainitud küsimustele vastuseid leida praegu kasutada olevaid meetodeid kasutades. Käesolevas töös selgitati välja, millised otsinguvõimalused tänapäevastes meiliklientides leiduvad. Analüüsiti otsingutulemuste visualiseerimist, otsingu ja sorteerimise kiirust, kirjade märgendamist ning otsingu ja sorteerimise parameetreid. Neid võimalusi kasutades prooviti lahendada mitmeid kompleksseid otsingujuhtumeid: mingit kindlat tüüpi manuste leidmine, e-mailide duplikaatide leidmine, kindlal kuupäeval saadetud kirjade leidmine, kahe inimese vahel saadetud manustega kirjade leidmine, kasutajaprofiilide koostamine. Uuriti, millised otsingujuhtumid on praeguste klientidega lahendatavad ja millised mitte. Leiti, et komplekssete otsingute teostamine programmide poolt pakutavate vahenditega on võimalik, kuid eeldab üsnagi suurt tööd inimeste poolt. Eelkõige on probleemiks õigete otsinguvahendite ja fraaside leidmine ning see, et suur osa tööst tuleb teha manuaalselt. Lisaks uuriti üht hetkel saada olevatest rakendustest e-mailide automaatseks märgendamiseks, milleks oli Thunderbird meilikliendi lisa TaQuilla. Meid huvitas selle veaprotsent ning treeninguks kuluv aeg. Tulemused olid meie jaoks rahuldavad: kuigi treening võttis mitu tundi, tundis programm ära rohkem kui 80% isiklikest kirjadest.E-mail is one of the most important media of communication in the Internet. It helps users with different location and time exchange messages. As the number of e-mails people receive grows higher, managing them becomes more difficult. Finding useful info from a large amount of e-mails manually is a big challenge. Therefore modern e-mail clients are mostly designed with the aim of facilitating the management of e-mails and the data they contain. At the moment, the mail clients mostly only support text searches — i.e. you can only search for content that explicitly exists in the messages. They lack the ability to “read between the lines” and put different pieces of information together. This means that it is very hard to answer questions like "Who do I still have to reply to?" or "Is this message work-related?". Doing that would require the client to understand what the context and meaning behind the message really is.[madrid] Using some sort of artificial intelligence would help to solve some of these problems. Several client extensions already take advantage of these systems to try to understand the content of the message. The e-mails can then be categorized for the users. However, the AI usually needs training by the user, which limits its effectiveness. Therefore the ultimate goal would be having a system that understands the content of messages without training and for that reason is able to answer the types of questions mentioned earlier.[aiemail] As the previously described systems are not yet present in e-mail clients, the information needs to be found using currently available methods. The first aim of this paper is to give an overview of search features in current e-mail clients. The second goal is analyzing the possibilities of solving complex search cases with current e-mail clients. The work is divided into four chapters based on the subject. The first chapter introduces the topic and explains the selection of e-mail clients and test data. The second chapter gives an overview of the search features present in current e-mail clients and compares them. The third chapter focuses on solving complex search cases with the current clients. The fourth chapter analyzes one of the tools present at the moment — Mozilla Thunderbird add-on TaQuilla — that uses artificial intelligence to help manage e-mails

Preoperative electrophysiological characterization of patients with primary macula-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Purpose: To determine 1) which components of retinal function are impaired after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 2) which outer retinal pathways (rod- or cone-driven) are more severely affected, and 3) whether there is concomitant inner retinal dysfunction. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in a large academic institution. We performed preoperative electroretinography on eight patients to assess outer and inner retinal function. In all cases, a comparison between the eye with the detached retina and the control fellow eye was made. Results: Eyes with a detached retina had significantly lower a-wave and b-wave amplitudes with respect to both rod- and cone-dominated testing parameters (P < 0.05) and reduced 30 Hz flicker responses compared to fellow eyes (P < 0.05); the effect size was similar for all significantly reduced parameters (r~0.6). There were no significant differences between eyes with detached retinas and control fellow eyes with respect to b/a-wave ratios, a-wave latencies, or b-wave latencies. Conclusion: Patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment have preoperative outer retinal dysfunction equally affecting both rod- and cone-driven pathways, and they have minimal inner retinal dysfunction

An exploration of apatheia and the definition of apathy: Understanding people’s experience of apathy in Huntington’s disease

Apathy is broadly defined as a loss of motivation and seems to be a relatively common clinical problem in neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington’s disease. The definition and conceptualisation of apathy, however, is unstandardised, which leads to confusion about what precisely apathy is and how to identify it. This thesis sought to clarify the concept of apathy.First, an etymological exploration of the concept of apatheia, including comparing it to its modern derivative, apathy, helped to give context to what apathy may be. Building on this, a systematic review looked at how apathy is defined and measured in clinical literature, finding a lack of standardisation but some common ground in terms of how recent authors have thought about apathy. Semi-structured interviews with people with apathy in Huntington’s disease, alongside measures of apathy, explored what it is like to experience apathy and found that people struggle with their identity following an experience of apathy. This led to the uncovering of two types of apathy; bewildered and empty apathy. These terms were discussed in relation to the work conducted in the previous chapters and compared with some of the conceptualisations of apathy in the literature. Directions for future research were discussed, with emphasis on identifying different apathy phenomena and using the positive elements of apatheia in helping to realign people’s identity. This would enable future work to concentrate on identifying appropriate treatment and management techniques to alleviate the burden of apathy in chronic illness

The impact of working in obstetrics on medical students and obstetric doctor's wellbeing, personal birth choices and professional development

Aim The thesis explored the meaning of traumatic birth events in medical students and obstetric doctors. The impact on wellbeing, personal birth choices, career choices, satisfaction and professional development was explored. Methods Medical students (N=247) were assessed using questionnaires and seven focus groups (N=39). A peer support programme was introduced (N=44) and six focus groups held plus one interview (N=41). Obstetric doctors were assessed through questionnaires (N=83) and interviews (N=13). Statistical analysis of quantitative data was performed with SPSS v29 and Microsoft Excel whereas for qualitative results framework methodology was used. Results Medical students experienced childbirth as traumatic if they perceived an unacceptable event and were exposed to medicalised childbirth. Students enjoyed the placement when supported by the multi-disciplinary team, but found the clinical environment stressful, often traumatised by the ‘reality and brutality’ of childbirth. Personal birth choices were not significantly changed but increased knowledge generated a desire for control. Students were interested in an obstetric career, but the perceived lack of work-life balance and emotional toll of poor outcomes are deterrents. The placement promoted professional development in preparation for working as doctors and a formal peer support programme providing mentorship, academic and pastoral support was welcomed during their placement. Obstetric doctors experienced childbirth as traumatic if their contribution was perceived as detrimental. Despite good wellbeing levels, they felt anxious and doubted clinical decision making following traumatic birth events. Overall, thirty percent opted for a caesarean section as their own personal birth choice. Career satisfaction was lowered by the clinical environment and fear of litigation, but improved when supported by co-workers. They expressed desire for psychological support separate to the educational systems already in place. Conclusion Labour ward presents a rewarding but challenging environment for both medical students and obstetric doctors. Psychological and educational support is needed to increase the reward of facilitating safe childbirth.Open Acces

How a simple anionic surfactant adopts a lamellar arrangement.

The basic components that largely determine the structure of a liquid laundry detergent are water, salts and a mixture of surfactants. When these are mixed in the right proportions, the surfactant in a lamellar fashion. This lamellar phase is a packing of amphiphiles in a bilayer, with the tails in the inner core of the bilayer and the headgroups pointing towards the water. Zie: Summary.

Microscopic surface structure of C/SiC composite mirrors for space cryogenic telescopes

We report on the microscopic surface structure of carbon-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite mirrors that have been improved for the Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) and other cooled telescopes. The C/SiC composite consists of carbon fiber, silicon carbide, and residual silicon. Specific microscopic structures are found on the surface of the bare C/SiC mirrors after polishing. These structures are considered to be caused by the different hardness of those materials. The roughness obtained for the bare mirrors is 20 nm rms for flat surfaces and 100 nm rms for curved surfaces. It was confirmed that a SiSiC slurry coating is effective in reducing the roughness to 2 nm rms. The scattering properties of the mirrors were measured at room temperature and also at 95 K. No significant change was found in the scattering properties through cooling, which suggests that the microscopic surface structure is stable with changes in temperature down to cryogenic values. The C/SiC mirror with the SiSiC slurry coating is a promising candidate for the SPICA telescope.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figure

Immersive Simulations and Engineering Environment (iSEE): Improving Fidelity of Virtual Reality Simulations

The Immersive Simulation and Engineering Environment (iSEE) provides Kennedy Space Center (KSC) with accurate Human Systems Integration (HSI) analysis of the stresses on a human body incurred from physical work, along with accessibility and reach factors. Human Factors engineers can observe the simulations conducted by iSEE and work with the gathered data to help make the working environment at KSC safer. The software that runs the HSI analysis, however, provides users with a low fidelity virtual environment. Previously, this led to the addition and implementation of other iSEE programs that were capable of higher-fidelity simulations. The difficulties of streamlining the workflow in the lab with these new programs is currently being addressed