Phagocytic glioblastoma-associated microglia and macrophages populate invading pseudopalisades

Altres ajuts: This project was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and the European Regional Development Fund (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER;), Generalitat de Catalunya, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and by the Asociación Española Contra el Cancer (AECC).Hypoxic pseudopalisades are a pathological hallmark of human glioblastoma, which is linked to tumour malignancy and aggressiveness. Yet, their function and role in the tumour development have scarcely been explored. It is thought that pseudopalisades are formed by malignant cells escaping from the hypoxic environment, although evidence of the immune component of pseudopalisades has been elusive. In the present work, we analyse the immunological constituent of hypoxic pseudopalisades using high-resolution three-dimensional confocal imaging in tissue blocks from excised tumours of glioblastoma patients and mimic the hypoxic gradient in microfluidic platforms in vitro to understand the cellular motility. We visualize that glioblastoma-associated microglia and macrophages abundantly populate pseudopalisades, displaying an elongated kinetic morphology across the pseudopalisades, and are oriented towards the necrotic focus. In vitro experiments demonstrate that under hypoxic gradient, microglia show a particular motile behaviour characterized by the increase of cellular persistence in contrast with glioma cells. Importantly, we show that glioblastoma-associated microglia and macrophages utilize fibres of glioma cells as a haptotactic cue to navigate along the anisotropic structure of the pseudopalisades and display a high phagocytic activity at the necrotic border of the pseudopalisades. In this study, we demonstrate that glioblastoma-associated microglia and macrophages are the main immune cells of pseudopalisades in glioblastoma, travelling to necrotic areas to clear the resulting components of the prothrombotic milieu, suggesting that the scavenging features of glioblastoma-associated microglia and macrophages at the pseudopalisades serve as an essential counterpart for glioma cell invasion. In this article, Saavedra-Lopez and colleagues described that glioblastoma-associated microglia and macrophages infiltrate hypoxic pseudopalisades, a well-known invading niche of extremely aggressive brain tumours. They show these highly motile immune cells with great phagocytic capacity as a counterpart of the glioma cell invasion

Percutaneous implants of bone conduction: 8-year evolution and results

Background: Percutaneous bone conduction implants are an alternative to alleviate unilateral transmission, mixed and neurosensory hearing loss in patients unable to carry conventional hearing aids. Through this study we analyzed the indications of the osseointegrated systems in the Lozano Blesa Hospital (Zaragoza, Spain), among other aspects. Method: An observational study was carried out based on medical records, including patients who had been implanted with a percutaneous osseointegrated system since 2010. The collected data included demographic information, clinical and analytical data concerning his hearing loss and post-implant complications, among others. Results: 59 percutaneous implants were analyzed; 44.1% Baha type and 55.9% Ponto type. Regarding the audiological indication of the implant, mixed hearing loss was the most frequent cause (64,40%). The most frequent clinical diagnosis was chronic otitis media (83%). The functional hearing gain of the implanted patients due to transmission hearing loss was 26,92 ± 7,65 dB. The most used surgical technique was the U flap carried out in 42.40% patients. It has been observed a tendency between the relationship in the number of complications and the fact of performing a reduction of subcutaneous tissue surrounding the implant (p = 0,051). Discussion and conclusions: Although no significant differences were found, the demographic results, as well as the indication of implantation, functional gain and complications are similar to the data found in the medical literature. However, future studies with a larger number of patients would be convenient.Introducción: Los implantes de conducción de vía ósea percutáneos son una alternativa a los audífonos convencionales en hipoacusias de transmisión, mixtas y neurosensoriales unilaterales, en pacientes con imposibilidad de usar los primeros. Mediante este estudio analizamos diferentes aspectos de los sistemas osteointegrados en el Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza (España). Método: Se ha realizado un estudio observacional basado en historias clínicas, incluyendo a los pacientes que han sido implantados con un sistema osteointegrado de tipo percutáneo desde el año 2010. Entre los datos recogidos se valoraron datos demográficos, datos clínicos y analíticos referentes su hipoacusia y complicaciones post-implante entre otros. Resultados: Se han analizado 59 implantes percutáneos; un 44,1% tipo Baha y un 55,9 % tipo Ponto. La indicación audiológica mas frecuente fue la hipoacusia mixta (64,40%). El diagnóstico clínico más frecuente fue la otitis media crónica (83%). La ganancia auditiva funcional de los pacientes implantados debido a hipoacusia de transmisión fue de 26,92 ± 7,65 dB. La técnica quirúrgica más empleada fue el colgajo en U llevada a cabo en el 42,40% pacientes. Se ha objetivado cierta tendencia a la relación en el número de complicaciones y el hecho de realizar una reducción de tejido subcutáneo circundante al implante (p=0,051). Conclusiones: Aunque no se hayan encontrado diferencias significativas, los resultados tanto demográficos, como de indicación de la implantación, la ganancia funcional y las complicaciones son similares a los datos encontrados en la literatura médica

Templateless Synthesis of Ultra-Microporous 3D Graphitic Carbon from Cyclodextrins and Their Use as Selective Catalyst for Oxygen Activation

[EN] Pyrolysis of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins at 900 degrees C gives rise to the formation of crystalline graphitic porous nanoparticles (G(CD)), where the dimensions of the pores are uniform in the range from 0.63 to 0.97 nm, from G(alpha-CD) to G(gamma-CD), as determined by transmission electron microscopy. It is found that, while for G(beta-CD) and G(gamma-CD), the surface area measured by N-2 adsorption is about 330-550 m(2) g(-1), respectively, no area can be measured for G(alpha-CD) with N-2 or Ar due to its small pore dimensions. However, CO2 adsorption reveals for G(alpha-CD) the presence of ultra-microporosity and a surface area of 727 m(2) g(-1). G(CD) exhibits activity as metal-free catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols and the activity increases as the pore dimension decreases. Density functional theory calculations indicate that this high catalytic activity for O-2 activation derives from confinement effects that favor charge transfer from the graphitic walls to O-2. Studies on the formation mechanism shows that the key step leading to the formation of the channels is the melting of cyclodextrin precursors that makes possible the assembly of these capsules before their transformation into microporous graphitic particles.Financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Severo Ochoa and Grant No. RTI2018-890237-CO2-1) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo Grant No. 2017-083) is gratefully acknowledged. A.R.P. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education for a Ramon y Cajal research associate contract. S.N. thanks financial support by the Fundacion Ramon Areces (XVIII Concurso Nacional para la Adjudicacion de Ayudas a la Investigacion en Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia, 2016), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades Grant No. RTI2018-099482-A-I00 project and Generalitat Valenciana grupos de investigacion consolidables 2019 (ref: Grant No. AICO/2019/214) project.Rendon-Patiño, A.; Santiago-Portillo, A.; Vallés-García, C.; Palomino Roca, M.; Navalón Oltra, S.; Franconetti, A.; Primo Arnau, AM.... (2020). Templateless Synthesis of Ultra-Microporous 3D Graphitic Carbon from Cyclodextrins and Their Use as Selective Catalyst for Oxygen Activation. Small Methods. 4(3):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900721S194

CCL2-Expressing Astrocytes Mediate the Extravasation of T Lymphocytes in the Brain. Evidence from Patients with Glioma and Experimental Models In Vivo

CCL2 is a chemokine involved in brain inflammation, but the way in which it contributes to the entrance of lymphocytes in the parenchyma is unclear. Imaging of the cell type responsible for this task and details on how the process takes place in vivo remain elusive. Herein, we analyze the cell type that overexpresses CCL2 in multiple scenarios of T-cell infiltration in the brain and in three different species. We observe that CCL2+ astrocytes play a part in the infiltration of T-cells in the brain and our analysis shows that the contact of T-cells with perivascular astrocytes occurs, suggesting that may be an important event for lymphocyte extravasation

Aprendizaje-servicio, compromiso social e innovación: experiencias en las asignaturas Enfermería Comunitaria y Trabajo Final de Grado

Introducción: se realizan dos proyectos de aprendizaje servicio (ApS) en la Escuela de Enfermería de la Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Barcelona (UB), con la voluntad de favorecer la formación de estudiantes comprometidos con las necesidades de la comunidad en la que está arraigada la universidad. Objetivo: adquirir el dominio competencial para gestionar la promoción y educación para la salud en el desarrollo de un servicio a la comunidad. Metodología: en la asignatura Enfermería Comunitaria dentro de Compartir Ideas, un proyecto de innovación docente del grupo de trabajo ApS (UB) con un equipo multidisciplinar de profesorado de diversas facultades, se realizan conferencias taller impartidas por estudiantes de la UB a alumnado de secundaria. Participación de cuatro estudiantes universitarias que realizan ocho conferencias taller sobre hábitos posturales, estiramientos y relajación en dos centros de educación secundaria de Barcelona. Participan 120 alumnos. Resultados: en el Trabajo Final de Grado se promueve la actividad física en mujeres. Colaboran dos enfermeras de dos centros de atención primaria. Se desarrollan cuatro sesiones de actividad física en dos grupos de mujeres. La evaluación del aprendizaje del alumnado universitario de ambos proyectos se realiza a través de las tutorías, los diarios reflexivos y las rúbricas del Trabajo Final de Grado en la modalidad ApS y los cuestionarios utilizados en el proyecto Compartir Ideas. Conclusión: integrar la formación y el servicio mejora el dominio competencial en el cuidado de la comunidad, en la promoción de la salud, en el compromiso ético y en el trabajo en equipo, de manera que se aprende en la acción y la reflexión

Electrochemical preparation and characterization of magnetic core–shell nanowires for biomedical applications

Magnetic CoNi@Au coreshell nanorods have been electrochemically synthesized, characterized and functionalized to test their inherent cytotoxicity in order to assess their potential use for biomedical applications. The initially electrodeposited CoNi nanorods have been covered with a gold layer bymeans of galvanic displacement to minimize the nanowires toxicity and their aggregation, and favour the functionalization. The presence of a gold layer on the nanorod surface slightlymodifies themagnetic behaviour of the asdeposited nanorods, maintaining their softmagnetic behaviour and high magnetization of saturation. The complete covering of the nanorodswith the gold shell favours a good functionalization with a layer of (11Mercaptoundecyl) hexa(ethylene glycol)molecules, in order to create a hydrophilic coating to avoid the aggregation of nanorods, keeping themin suspension and give them stability in biological media. The presence of the organic layer incorporated was detected by means of electrochemical probe experiments. A cytotoxicity test of functionalized coreshell nanorods, carried out with adherent HeLa cells, showed that cell viability was higher than 80% for amounts of nanorods up to 10 μgmL−1. These results make functionalized nanorods promising vehicles for targeted drug delivery inmedicine, which gives a complementary property to the magnetic nanoparticles. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Serine phosphorylation regulates paxillin turnover during cell migration

BACKGROUND: Paxillin acts as an adaptor protein that localizes to focal adhesion. This protein is regulated during cell migration by phosphorylation on tyrosine, serine and threonine residues. Most of these phosphorylations have been implicated in the regulation of different steps of cell migration. The two major phosphorylation sites of paxillin in response to adhesion to an extracellular matrix are serines 188 and 190. However, the function of this phosphorylation event remains unknown. The purpose of this work was to determine the role of paxillin phosphorylation on residues S188 and S190 in the regulation of cell migration. RESULTS: We used NBT-II epithelial cells that can be induced to migrate when plated on collagen. To examine the role of paxillin serines 188/190 in cell migration, we constructed an EGFP-tagged paxillin mutant in which S188/S190 were mutated into unphosphorylatable alanine residues. We provide evidence that paxillin is regulated by proteasomal degradation following polyubiquitylation of the protein. During active cell migration on collagen, paxillin is protected from proteasome-dependent degradation. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of serines 188/190 is necessary for the protective effect of collagen. In an effort to understand the physiological relevance of paxillin protection from degradation, we show that cells expressing the paxillin S188/190A interfering mutant spread less, have reduced protrusive activity but migrate more actively. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate for the first time that serine-regulated degradation of paxillin plays a key role in the modulation of membrane dynamics and consequently, in the control of cell motility

Colecciones de referencia y oferta multimedia para la práctica arqueológica.

El Grado de Arqueología ha permitido introducir métodos pedagógicos de mayor calidad y herramientas multimedia. Este proyecto tiene por objetivo suministrar a los estudiantes del Grado de Arqueología las competencias básicas para entender y manejar los datos arqueológicos, a través de métodos de aprendizaje interactivos multimedia, reproducciones de artefactos antiguos y colecciones de referencia que integren la información usual de la investigación real en el campo arqueológic

Universidad y sociedad: comunicación e integración en empresas e instituciones públicas y organizaciones no lucrativas. Nuevas orientaciones

Proyecto de Innovación docente 2021Depto. de Teorías y Análisis de la ComunicaciónFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónFALSEsubmitte

Universidad y sociedad: comunicación e integración en empresas e instituciones públicas y organizaciones no lucrativas. Renovación y vanguardia

Depto. de Teorías y Análisis de la ComunicaciónFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónFALSEsubmitte