Prática, reflexão e supervisão

Este estudo consiste numa reflexão sobre a supervisão pedagógica na ESE JDEUS, no quadro do Processo de Bolonha. Surgiu da necessidade de introduzirmos alterações na iniciação à prática profissional do 1.º ciclo de estudos. Aplicámos um questionário aos alunos que frequentam a Licenciatura e Mestrados em Educação. A supervisão pedagógica emerge como uma ação que se pretende dinamizadora, reflexiva e contínua em que a aprendizagem, a integração de saberes e o desenvolvimento de competências requer diversas práticas colaborativas de trabalho, em que o supervisor é o mediador que promove o desenvolvimento dos formandos que se pretendem responsáveis, empenhados, conscientes da sua auto-(re)construção para benefício da construção da sua identidade profissional. O estágio permite um percurso com diversas experiências aos estudantes, promovendo a comunicação, interação, a colaboração, em que as múltiplas interações validam o conhecimento individual. Os resultados sugerem que é possível articular a experiência adquirida e implementar mais estratégias e dessa forma contribuirmos para uma melhoria da formação em contexto, tornando-a cada vez mais reflexiva e eficaz. Numa sociedade em constante mudança, é pertinente (re)pensar na formação e supervisão de docentes adequada aos sinais do tempo

CONTRIBUIÇÃO AO CONHECIMENTO DA AVIFAUNA DO MUNICÍPIO DE TAQUARA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL

As aves destacam-se dentro dos vertebrados por serem um grupo diverso e adaptado a diferentes ambientes, a composição da comunidade de aves de um determinado local é um importante bioindicador ambiental, pois ela reflete alterações recentes ou pretéritas de determinada área. Na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos, as pressões sobre os remanescentes de ecossistemas naturais são intensas em decorrência da urbanização crescente, do estabelecimento de indústrias e da ampliação das fronteiras agrícolas, esses fatores associados geram a redução e fragmentação de habitats, com impactos irrecuperáveis para a flora e a fauna. Devido à escassez de dados sobre a avifauna do município de Taquara, o presente estudo teve como objetivo levantar informações sobre o grupo, listando as espécies de aves locais. Entre agosto de 2016 e junho de 2017 foram realizadas quatro amostragens mensais em duas áreas rurais do município, totalizando 44 campanhas de observação e 132 horas de esforço amostral. As espécies foram identificadas e classificadas conforme sua frequência de ocorrência mensal, em espécies comuns e raras. Foram registradas 133 espécies distribuídas em 47 famílias, o que representa mais de 20% das espécies ocorrentes para o estado. Ao longo do período amostrado, 90 espécies foram classificadas como comuns e 47 consideradas raras para as áreas pesquisadas.Palavras-chave: Aves. Bacia hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos. Preservação.ABSTRACTBirds stand out within vertebrates because they are a diverse group adapted to different environments. The composition of the bird community of a certain place is an important environmental bioindicator since it reflects recent or previous environmental disturbances of a certain area. In the Sinos River Basin, environmental pressures on the remnants of natural ecosystems are intense as a result of increasing urbanization, the establishment of industries and expansion of agricultural frontiers which generate habitat reduction and fragmentation with irrecoverable damages on flora and fauna. Due to the scarcity of data on the avifauna of the municipality of Taquara, the present study aimed to gather information and list the species of local birds. Between August 2016 and June 2017, four monthly samplings were carried out in two rural areas of the municipality, totaling 44 observation campaigns and 132 hours of sample effort. The species were identified and classified as common and rare according to their frequency of occurrence. There were 133 species distributed in 47 families, representing more than 20% of the species that occurred in the state. During the sampled period, 90 species were classified as common and 47 were considered rare for the areas surveyed.Keywords: Birds. Hydrographic basin of Sinos River. Preservation

Infecção natural por Histomonas meleagridis em pavões-indianos (Pavo cristatus)

Background: Histomonas, also known as blackhead, is a protozoan disease caused by Histomonas meleagridis (phylum Parabasalia, class Tritrichomonadea, order Tritrichomonadida, family Dientamoebidae/Protrichomonadinae) and, characterized by enteric and hepatic lesions in several species of domestic and wild gallinaceous. Among the most affected species, turkeys are those with greater morbidity and mortality. Blackhead is the second most important disease caused by protozoa in domestic poultry, affecting especially young birds and causing severe economic losses, with decrease in production, lack of uniformity of lots and costs with treatment and control. Its occurrence must be monitored, especially in large poultry exporting countries, such as Brazil. The aim of this study is to report an outbreak of histomoniasis in Indian peacocksCase: A peacocks group created together with chickens showed clinical signs characterized by apathy, head down and bruised head, eyes closed, anorexia, yellow or pale stools and death. At necropsy, the cecum showed intense thickening of the wall with irregularity in the serous layer and abundant deposit of friable material, amorphous, yellowish color with areas reddish in the lumen with large number of filiform white parasites from 1 to 1.5 cm in length, morphologically compatible with Heterakis gallinarum. The liver showed large and circular, multifocal, whitish areas that extended towards the parenchyma. Histologically, was observed marked transmural typhlitis, severe proliferation of fibroblasts with multifocal neovascularization, histiocytic infiltrate, giant cell enlargement, bacterial myriads, presence of eosinophilic circulars trophozoites, with 6-20 μm in diameter, morphologically compatible with Histomonas meleagridis. These structures were positive in PAS staining. In the liver, a lesion was characterized by aleatory necrotizing hepatitis with abundant macrophagic and heterophilic infiltrate and some lymphocytes, as well as several foci of necrosis associated with numerous parasitis, intralesional, weakly eosinophilic, PAS-positive structures similar to those observed cecum.Discussion: All aspects observed in this outbreak were characteristic of Histomonas meleagridis infection. This protozoal infection occurs predominantly in turkeys, with high rates of morbidity and mortality, however, can affect chickens, chukar partridges, pheasants and peacocks. Histomoniasis occurs after ingestion of nematode eggs present in the feces of birds and earthworms. In addition, to the intestine and liver, there may be systemic parasitism with lesions in other organs such as kidneys, lungs, spleen and cloacal sac. Overcrowding of animals, the creation and use of chickens to hatch peacocks eggs, as well as the poor hygiene conditions were the main risk factors for the development of the disease. Due to the absence of specific clinical signs, the disease can be easily confused with other disorders. macroscopic and microscopic examinations are recommended to assist in confirming the definitive diagnosis of histomoniasis. Thus, it can be said that H. meleagridis may be cause of mortality in peacocks (Pavo cristatus) created in free system in Rio Grande do Sul, State. The diagnosis of this condition should be considered in cases of mortality in exotic bird breeding, especially when created together with most resistant species such as chickens and other poultry

Calcifying odontogenic cyst : a 26-year retrospective clinicopathological analysis and immunohistochemical study

Background: To identify the prevalence and clinicopathological profile of calcifying odontogenic cysts (COC) stored at an oral pathology service, and to analyze the immunoexpression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and cyclin D1 (CD1) in these cysts. Material and Methods: After a retrospective analysis (1990-2016) carried out to identify cases of COC, a sample of 12 cases was selected for immunohistochemical analysis of COX-2 and CD1 by the immunoperoxidase technique. Protein expression was evaluated semiquantitatively by attributing a score of 0 to 3 (0 = no staining; 1 = 1-25%; 2 = 26-50%, and 3 = >51% immunopositive cells). Results: Twenty cases of COC were diagnosed over the study period. These cysts were more common in the posterior mandible and in men (male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1), with a mean age of 29.9 years. Among the 12 cases analyzed, immunoexpression of COX-2 was observed only in the inflammatory infiltrate in 50% of the cysts (n = 6). Protein CD1 was detected (score 1) in 66.6% of cases (n = 8), and COX-2 was negative in 50% (n = 6). Conclusions: The prevalence of COC among all odontogenic cysts was 3.5%, representing an uncommon lesion. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that COX-2 does not participate in lesion progression. The cell proliferation index of COC was low, as demonstrated by the expression of CD1, suggesting a proliferative profile compatible with more indolent lesion

Comparison between calcium hydroxide mixtures and mineral trioxide aggregate in primary teeth pulpotomy: a randomized controlled trial

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) associated with two different vehicles as a capping material for pulp tissue in primary molars, compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Methodology: Forty-five primary mandibular molars with dental caries were treated by conventional pulpotomy using one of the following materials: MTA only (MTA group), CH with saline (CH+saline group) and CH with polyethylene glycol (CH+PEG group) (15 teeth/group). Clinical and periapical radiographic examinations of the pulpotomized teeth were performed 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Data were tested by chi-squared analysis and a multiple comparison post-test. Results: The MTA group showed both clinical and radiographic treatment success in 14/14 teeth (100%), at all followup appointments. By clinical evaluation, no teeth in the CH+saline and CH+PEG groups had signs of mobility, fistula, swelling or inflammation of the surrounding gingival tissue. However, in the CH+saline group, radiographic analysis detected internal resorption in up to 9/15 teeth (67%), and interradicular bone resorption and furcation radiolucency in up to 5/15 teeth (36%), from 3 to 12 months of follow-up. In the CH+PEG group, 2/11 teeth (18%) had internal resorption and 1/11 teeth (9%) presented bone resorption and furcation radiolucency at all follow-up appointments. Conclusion: CH with PEG performed better than CH with saline as capping material for pulpotomy of primary teeth. However, both combinations yielded clinical and radiographic results inferior to those of MTA alone

Positive Effects of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Supplementation and DietBra on Inflammation and Glycemic Profiles in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Class II/III Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Evidence on the effects of dietary interventions on inflammatory markers in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is scarce. Our study evaluated the effects of extra-virgin olive oil alone and in combination with a traditional Brazilian diet on inflammatory markers and glycemic profiles in adults with both T2DM and class II/III obesity. Methods: Adults aged 18-64 years with T2DM and class II/III obesity were randomized into two intervention groups: 1) extra-virgin olive oil only and 2) extra-virgin olive oil + a traditional Brazilian diet (OliveOil+DietBra). Data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, anthropometry, biochemical markers and inflammatory markers were collected. The primary outcomes were glycemic parameters and inflammatory markers. The body mass index (BMI) and weight were the secondary outcomes. Results: Forty individuals with T2DM and class II/III obesity were enrolled, and 34 (85%) completed the intervention course. The intake of olive oil was 37.88 ± 12.50 mL/day in the olive oil group and 37.71 ± 12.23 mL/day in the OliveOil+DietBra group, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.484). Compared to the olive oil only group, the OliveOil+DietBra group had significantly lower levels of fasting insulin (p = 0.047) at the end of the intervention, whereas the other glycemic parameters were not altered. In the OliveOil+DietBra group, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α (p = 0.006) and adiponectin (p = 0.049) were lower and those of TNFα were higher (p = 0.037). There was a significant reduction in BMI and weight compared to the baseline values in the OliveOil+DietBra group (p = 0.015). Conclusions: The intervention with OliveOil+DietBra effectively decreased the levels of fasting insulin, IL-1α and adiponectin, suggesting its beneficial role in improving the inflammatory profiles and fasting insulin levels in adults with class II/III obesity and T2DM. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02463435

Incidence and profile of benign epithelial tumors of salivary glands from a single center in Northeast of Brazil

Benign tumors of the salivary glands are a group of lesions with varied histopathological and clinical spectrum. The aim was to determine the incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of benign salivary gland neoplasms diagnosed between 2007 and 2016 in a single center located in northeastern Brazil. Records regarding sex, age, anatomical location, histopathological subtype and treatment were retrieved, and data were analyzed using the Stata/IC software (version 12.0). There were above 7,100 cases of neoplasms in the head and neck region, of which 403 corresponded to salivary gland neoplasms. Of these, 238 (59%) were benign, being pleomorphic adenoma (PA) the most frequent neoplasm (n=178; 74.8%), followed by Warthin's tumor (WT) (n=23; 9.7%). Overall, most cases occurred in females (n=136; 57.1%) and age ranged from 11 to 83 years. The parotid gland (n=188; 79%) was the most common anatomical site, and all patients were treated by surgical excision. Of the cases diagnosed as PA, malignant transformation to carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CAEXPA) occurred in 7 (3.9%) cases. The present study confirmed the clinical and demographic profile of benign salivary gland neoplasms, which contributes to the continuous knowledge of current data about these lesions

DIGESTIBILIDADE DA MATERIA SECA E PARÂMETROS DA FERMENTAÇÃO IN VITRO DE PLANTAS FORRAGEIRAS

Objetivou-se avaliar a digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS) e os parâmetros da fermentação in vitro de plantas forrageiras in natura e ensiladas no período da seca por meio da técnica de 24 horas de incubação. As plantas forrageiras avaliadas foram Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu; Brachiaria humidicola; Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça; Panicum maximum cv. Massai; silagem de milho (Zea mays); silagem de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench); cana -de- açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L) picada in natura. Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC), sendo consideradas como repetições de campo três baterias para a determinação da DIV da MS das forrageiras. A análise estatística das variáveis estudadas foi interpretada por meio de análise de variância e quando observada diferença aplicou-se o teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Não houve (P>0,05) diferença significativa dentro dos gêneros das diferentes espécies forrageiras ou nos volumosos suplementares (silagem). Os valores da digestibilidade in vitro (DIV) da MS para os capins do gênero Brachiaria foram de 48,40% para o capim-marandu e 51,21% para capim-humidícola. Para o gênero Panicum os valores da DIV da MS foram de 46,70% e 40,49%, respectivamente, para o capim-mombaça e massai. Para os volumosos ensilados (silagem de milho e silagem de sorgo) e a capineira (cana-de-açúcar) observaram-se os valores de 63,22%, 54,00% e 59,76% da DIV da MS, respectivamente. Não houve (P>0,05) alteração nos valores de pH e na concentração do nitrogênio amoniacal durantes a fermentação in vitro das plantas forrageiras. Assim, conclui-se, que o valor da DIV da MS e os parâmetros da fermentação in vitro se mantem similar para os capins do mesmo gênero e forrageiras ensiladas no período da seca

Local recurrences of salivary gland tumors in a Brazilian population

Objetivo: Identificar a presença de recidiva após o ato cirúrgico de pacientes diagnosticados com tumor de glândula salivar. Métodos: Os dados foram coletados no Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil, através de um formulário padrão com base nos prontuários clínicos. Foram coletadas informações sobre idade, sexo, tipo de tumor de glândula salivar, recidiva local, estágio, local primário e tipo de tratamento. Os dados foram descritivos e analisados com nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Dos 55 prontuários que fizeram parte da amostra do estudo, 51% correspondem ao sexo masculino. A média de idade geral foi de 55 anos, com a faixa etária variando entre 13 e 90 anos. O adenocarcinoma (SOE) foi o mais prevalente (n = 17), seguido do carcinoma adenoide cístico (CAC) (n = 14; 25,5%). Dentre todos os sítios, o mais comum foi a glândula parótida (n = 29; 53%). 61,8% (n = 34) dos pacientes não apresentaram metástase à distância. Entretanto, 38,18% (n = 21) apresentaram, sendo 14,55% (n = 8) com metástase em osso. 34,55% (n = 19) dos pacientes tiveram recidiva com apenas 1 ano após o diagnóstico. A neoplasia com maior taxa de recidiva foi o SOE, apresentando 30,91% (n = 17); o CAC foi o segundo maior com 25,45% (n = 14). Conclusão: O sexo masculino perfez a maioria dos casos; houve um predomínio de acometimento na glândula parótida; as neoplasias mais frequentes foram o SOE e o CAC; metástase à distância ocorreu em 38,18% (n = 21), sendo o osso o local mais acometido; a cirurgia com radioterapia adjuvante (n = 15) foi o tratamento de eleição.Objective: To identify the recurrence after surgery in patients diagnosed with salivary gland tumor. Methods: Data on age, gender, type of salivary gland tumor, local recurrence, stage, primary site and type of treatment were collected at Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, using a standard form based on clinical records. These were described and analyzed with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results: Of the 55 medical records that comprised the study sample, 51% were male. Overall mean age was 55 years, ranging from 13 to 90 years. Adenocarcinoma (NOS) was the most prevalent (n = 17), followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) (n = 14; 25.5%). Among all sites, parotid gland (n = 29; 53%) was the most common. Among the patients studied, 61.8% (n = 34) had no distant metastasis, but 38.18% (n = 21) did, and 14.55% (n = 8) showed bone metastasis. Conversely, 34.55% (n = 19) of the patients had recurrence only one year after diagnosis. The neoplasm with the highest recurrence rate was NOS (n = 17, 30.91%), followed by CAC (n = 14, 25.45%). Conclusion: Results show a prevalence of male patients and parotid gland involvement, with NOS adenocarcinoma and CAC being the most frequent neoplasms. Distant metastasis occurred in 38.18% (n = 21) of the cases, and bone was the most affected site. Surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 15) was the treatment of choice