Identification of expressed genes in early maturated fruit of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.)

The pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.) is a species native to the Brazilian Cerrado and plays an important social and nutritional role for the population of the region. It is a species that is traditionally gathered and today is seen as a source for the production of biodiesel. The objective of this study was to identify sequences from a cDNA library that are involved in the metabolic pathways in early maturated fruit stage of pequi. To do so, a cDNA library was created and the clones were cloned and sequenced. These identified sequences were deposited in GenBank. Most of the sequences found using the Blastn and tBlastx tools are associated with protection against oxidative stress in plants, some are transcription factors and others provide structural and pathogenic resistance. The transcriptome of pequi is an effective method of identifying genes and proteins responsible for important biological characteristics of the plant, thus laying the groundwork for new studies aimed at developing a full understanding of the genomic structure ofthe pequi.Keywords: Pequi. Caryocar brasiliense. ESTs. Molecular biology

Dinâmica dos botões no ensino do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg

O trabalho propôsapresentar umaprática entre botões metálicos (alelos de um indivíduo) para formar uma população. Para isso, foielaborada uma dinâmicade «Genética depopulações» capaz de abordar as frequências alélicas, genotípicas e fenotípicas, alémfatores evolutivos. A atividade foiaplicada aos alunos do 3° ano do Ensino Técnico Integrado do IFSULDEMINAS-Inconfidentes/MG -Brasil. Para avaliação da aprendizagem os alunos tiveram que preencher cinco tabelas que envolviam os cálculos das frequências.Cerca de 90% dos alunos responderam as atividades de forma correta, como tambémdescreveram toda a concepçãodo princípio de Hardy-Weinberg.Os resultados indicaram que os discentesassimilaram significativamente o conteúdo proposto e a dinâmica propiciou visualizar que as frequências genotípicas e alélicas não mudam ao longo das gerações em equilíbrio

PERCEPÇÃO DAS PESSOAS COM LESÃO MEDULAR SOBRE A SUA CONDIÇÃO

Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer a percepção das pessoas com lesão medular sobre sua condição e investigaralgumas de suas características. Estudo descritivo, de natureza qualitativa do tipo exploratória, realizado com vinte ecinco pessoas com lesão medular, participantes de um centro de reabilitação. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistassemiestruturadas, com base em roteiro. A organização, categorização e análise dos mesmos ocorreram segundo análisetemática. Emergiram dos dados quatro categorias, além das características dos participantes: diferentes formas depercepção da sua condição; diferentes formas de enfrentamento à sua condição; família, o apoio essencial; e todos têmproblemas a ser superados. As pessoas com lesão medular enfrentam e percebem sua condição de diferentes maneiras,relacionadas ao apoio familiar, a capacidade de se autogovernar, a realização de atividades da vida diária e estabelecimento de novos objetivos de vida. O conhecimento dessas questões é importante para a realização do cuidado em saúde.

Esterase profile in the postembryonic development of Rhipicephalus microplus

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o padrão de atividade da esterase nos estágios de desenvolvimento de Rhipicephalus microplus por meio de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida não desnaturante, com uso de coloração específica para esterase. Observou-se a presença de nove regiões com atividade esterásica, coradas tanto pelo alfa-naftil acetato como pelo beta-naftil acetato, e definidas como alfa-beta-esterases. Foram detectadas esterases estágio-específicas, e os estágios de ninfa de primeiro estádio e de larva foram os que mostraram maior atividade esterásica durante todo o desenvolvimento. A esterase EST-4 foi detectada apenas em machos e considerada sexo-específica. Existem diferenças quanto ao perfil esterásico nos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de R. microplus.The objective of this work was to analyze the pattern of esterase activity in the development stages of Rhipicephalus microplus by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using specific staining for esterase. The electrophoretical results revealed the presence of nine regions displaying esterase activity, stained with both alpha-naphthyl acetate and beta-naphthyl acetate, and classified as alpha-beta-esterase. Stage-specific esterases were found, with the first nymphal and larval stages showing the greatest esterase activity throughout the development. An esterase called EST-4 was detected only in males and was considered sex-specific. There are differences in the esterase profile among the different postembryonic development stages of R. microplus

Molecular portraits of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who diverge as rapid progressors or long survivors on chemotherapy

OBJECTIVE: Cytotoxic agents are the cornerstone of treatment for patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), despite heterogeneous benefit. We hypothesised that the pretreatment molecular profiles of diagnostic biopsies can predict patient benefit from chemotherapy and define molecular bases of innate chemoresistance. DESIGN: We identified a cohort of advanced iCCA patients with comparable baseline characteristics who diverged as extreme outliers on chemotherapy (survival 23 m in long survivors, LS). Diagnostic biopsies were characterised by digital pathology, then subjected to whole-transcriptome profiling of bulk and geospatially macrodissected tissue regions. Spatial transcriptomics of tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells was performed using targeted digital spatial profiling (GeoMx). Transcriptome signatures were evaluated in multiple cohorts of resected cancers. Signatures were also characterised using in vitro cell lines, in vivo mouse models and single cell RNA-sequencing data. RESULTS: Pretreatment transcriptome profiles differentiated patients who would become RPs or LSs on chemotherapy. Biologically, this signature originated from altered tumour-myeloid dynamics, implicating tumour-induced immune tolerogenicity with poor response to chemotherapy. The central role of the liver microenviroment was confrmed by the association of the RPLS transcriptome signature with clinical outcome in iCCA but not extrahepatic CCA, and in liver metastasis from colorectal cancer, but not in the matched primary bowel tumours. CONCLUSIONS: The RPLS signature could be a novel metric of chemotherapy outcome in iCCA. Further development and validation of this transcriptomic signature is warranted to develop precision chemotherapy strategies in these settings

RADICL-seq identifies general and cell type–specific principles of genome-wide RNA-chromatin interactions

Mammalian genomes encode tens of thousands of noncoding RNAs. Most noncoding transcripts exhibit nuclear localization and several have been shown to play a role in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin remodeling. To investigate the function of such RNAs, methods to massively map the genomic interacting sites of multiple transcripts have been developed; however, these methods have some limitations. Here, we introduce RNA And DNA Interacting Complexes Ligated and sequenced (RADICL-seq), a technology that maps genome-wide RNA-chromatin interactions in intact nuclei. RADICL-seq is a proximity ligation-based methodology that reduces the bias for nascent transcription, while increasing genomic coverage and unique mapping rate efficiency compared with existing methods. RADICL-seq identifies distinct patterns of genome occupancy for different classes of transcripts as well as cell type-specific RNA-chromatin interactions, and highlights the role of transcription in the establishment of chromatin structure

Molecular portraits of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who diverge as rapid progressors or long survivors on chemotherapy

Objective: Cytotoxic agents are the cornerstone of treatment for patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), despite heterogeneous benefit. We hypothesised that the pretreatment molecular profiles of diagnostic biopsies can predict patient benefit from chemotherapy and define molecular bases of innate chemoresistance. Design: We identified a cohort of advanced iCCA patients with comparable baseline characteristics who diverged as extreme outliers on chemotherapy (survival <6 m in rapid progressors, RP; survival >23 m in long survivors, LS). Diagnostic biopsies were characterised by digital pathology, then subjected to whole-transcriptome profiling of bulk and geospatially macrodissected tissue regions. Spatial transcriptomics of tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells was performed using targeted digital spatial profiling (GeoMx). Transcriptome signatures were evaluated in multiple cohorts of resected cancers. Signatures were also characterised using in vitro cell lines, in vivo mouse models and single cell RNA-sequencing data. Results: Pretreatment transcriptome profiles differentiated patients who would become RPs or LSs on chemotherapy. Biologically, this signature originated from altered tumour-myeloid dynamics, implicating tumour-induced immune tolerogenicity with poor response to chemotherapy. The central role of the liver microenviroment was confrmed by the association of the RPLS transcriptome signature with clinical outcome in iCCA but not extrahepatic CCA, and in liver metastasis from colorectal cancer, but not in the matched primary bowel tumours. Conclusions: The RPLS signature could be a novel metric of chemotherapy outcome in iCCA. Further development and validation of this transcriptomic signature is warranted to develop precision chemotherapy strategies in these settings

Crescimento de eucalipto sob efeito de desfolhamento artificial

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do desfolhamento total, realizado após o plantio e ao longo do primeiro ano de cultivo, sobre o crescimento de Eucalyptus grandis, desde a implantação até ao corte do povoamento. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos: sem desfolhamento; um desfolhamento aos 56 dias após o plantio (DAP); dois desfolhamentos, aos 56 e 143 DAP; dois desfolhamentos, aos 56 e 267 DAP; e três desfolhamentos, aos 56, 143 e 278 DAP. Foram mensurados os diâmetros do tronco a 1,3 m e a altura total de 60 árvores por tratamento, em oito avaliações, do 21º ao 92º mês de cultivo. O crescimento médio em cada tratamento foi descrito por modelos de regressão não lineares e comparados por testes de identidade para comparar as tendências entre a testemunha e os demais tratamentos. O desfolhamento causou reduções significativas nas taxas de crescimento em diâmetro e altura das plantas, e diminuição expressiva no faturamento ao final da rotação, mesmo quando realizado uma única vez, no início do plantio. Maiores danos, no entanto, foram verificados após consecutivos desfolhamentos ao longo do primeiro ano de cultivo. A manutenção de áreas que tenham sofrido desfolhamento total na fase inicial de plantio pode tornar-se uma medida economicamente inviável.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of total defoliation at planting initial stages, and along the first year of cultivation, on Eucalyptus grandis growth, from planting to plantation cut. Five treatments were tested: without defoliation; one defoliation, at 56th day after planting (DAP); two defoliations, at 56th and 143th DAP; two defoliations, at 56th and 267th DAP; and three defoliations, at 56th, 143th and 278th DAP. Trunk diameter at 1.30-m height and the total height of 60 trees were measured from the 21st to the 92th cultivation months. The average growth of each treatment was described by nonlinear models and compared by identity tests in order to estimate the tendencies between control and the other treatments in each variable. Defoliation significantly reduces diameter of the trunk and height growth rates, and expressively decreases the income at the plantation cut. However, greater losses were verified after consecutive defoliation, along the first cultivation year. Maintaining areas that suffered severe defoliations at initial planting stages can become economically unfeasible