Towards adaptation to climate change: water for rice in the coastal wetlands of Doñana, Southern Spain

Rice production in coastal wetlands provides critical ecosystem services that range from flood control to wildlife habitat. In the Iberian Peninsula rice was introduced in the 10th Century. Today Iberian rice accounts for about one quarter of the total rice production of the European Union, almost exclusively cultivated in the coastal wetlands of Spain, with permanent flooding. The intensive water management required to produce rice stands at a crucial point since freshwater supply is deteriorating at an unprecedented rate. Here we explore flexible adaptation options to climate change in the Doñana wetlands - a world heritage and biodiversity site - from two points of view: What are the policy options for agricultural water management in view of climate change? How can informed stakeholders contribute to better adaptation? The first question is addressed by simulating water availability to farmers with the WAAPA model under a range of adaptation policy options derived from the view of the local communities. The second question was addressed by means of participatory research. Adaptation options are framed according to the local environmental, social and policy context. Results suggest that perception on the potential role of new water infrastructure and farming subsidies dominates the view of local communities. The choices of the stakeholders that could be simulated with the hydrological model, were quantified in terms of additional water availability for the rice farming, therefore providing a quantitative measure to the qualitative solutions. Information provided during the study shaped the final adaptation options developed. Our research contributes to the definition of sustainable rice production in Europe

What do social media teach? Influencers and followers in informal education in social media

Las potencialidades educativas de redes sociales como Instagram, YouTube o TikTok marcan las relaciones entre influencers (influyentes) y quienes les siguen (followers). Ambos grupos tienen una visión específica sobre lo que se enseña y se aprende a través de la experiencia de uso, y esta percepción depende también del objetivo de las personas creadoras de contenido, su responsabilidad social o ética y su vocación de servicio público. El objetivo de este trabajo, enmarcado en una amplia investigación centrada en la ética en los social media, es comprobar la correspondencia entre las enseñanzas que quienes son influencers creen trasladar y el aprendizaje que sus followers afirman obtener, identificando, además, las posibles disfunciones de este intercambio comunicativo, el nivel de influencia que estos procesos de opinión tienen en estos públicos y la responsabilidad social y ética que reflejan en la difusión de sus contenidos, así como los conocimientos que ambos grupos tienen sobre educomunicación. Para ello, se realiza un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas en profundidad a 13 influencers y a 24 followers, procesadas mediante análisis temático con la herramienta Atlas.ti. Los resultados revelan diferencias entre influencers y creadores/as de contenido, su alcance y la responsabilidad ética de cada grupo. Asimismo, las personas seguidoras adolecen de actitud crítica suficiente, pero extraen buenos aprendizajes de la sociedad digital. La educomunicación se revela como necesidad para una interacción libre, segura y crítica con los social media.The educational potential of social networks, such as Instagram, YouTube or TikTok, marks the relationships between influencers and their followers. Both have a specific vision of what is taught and learned through the user experience. This perception depends on the objective of the content creator, their social or moral responsibility, and their vocation of public service. This study is part of a broader research project focusing on ethics in social media. First, it seeks to verify the correspondence between the teaching that influencers believe they transfer and the learning that their followers claim to obtain. Second, it seeks to identify the possible dysfunctions of this communicative exchange, the level of influence that these opinion leaders have on their audiences and the social and ethical responsibility they reflect in the dissemination of their content, as well as the knowledge both groups possess about media education and media literacy. To this end, a qualitative study was carried out based on in-depth interviews of 13 influencers and 24 followers, then processed using a thematic analysis with the Atlas.ti tool. The results reveal differences between influencers and content-creators, their scope and ethical responsibility. Followers also lack an adequate critical attitude, but they derive good lessons from the digital society. Media education and media literacy are revealed as a necessity for free, safe and critical interaction with social media.Este artículo forma parte del Proyecto I+D+I PID 2019-104689RB100: INTERNÉTICA. Verdad y ética en las redes sociales. Percepciones e influencias educativas en jóvenes usuarios de Twitter, Instagram y YouTube

Ovarian Adnexal Reporting Data System (O-RADS) for Classifying Adnexal Masses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the pooled diagnostic performance of the so-called Ovarian Adnexal Report Data System (O-RADS) for classifying adnexal masses using transvaginal ultrasound, a classification system that was introduced in 2020. We performed a search for studies reporting the use of the O-RADS system for classifying adnexal masses from January 2020 to April 2022 in several databases (Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science). We selected prospective and retrospective cohort studies using the O-RADS system for classifying adnexal masses with histologic diagnosis or conservative management demonstrating spontaneous resolution or persistence in cases of benign appearing masses after follow-up scan as the reference standard. We excluded studies not related to the topic under review, studies not addressing O-RADS classification, studies addressing MRI O-RADS classification, letters to the editor, commentaries, narrative reviews, consensus documents, and studies where data were not available for constructing a 2 × 2 table. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated. The quality of the studies was evaluated using QUADAS-2. A total of 502 citations were identified. Ultimately, 11 studies comprising 4634 masses were included. The mean prevalence of ovarian malignancy was 32%. The risk of bias was high in eight studies for the "patient selection" domain. The risk of bias was low for the "index test" and "reference test" domains for all studies. Overall, the pooled estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and DOR of the O-RADS system for classifying adnexal masses were 97% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 94%-98%), 77% (95% CI = 68%-84%), 4.2 (95% CI = 2.9-6.0), 0.04 (95% CI = 0.03-0.07), and 96 (95% CI = 50-185), respectively. Heterogeneity was moderate for sensitivity and high for specificity. In conclusion, the O-RADS system has good sensitivity and moderate specificity for classifying adnexal masses

How Frequently Benign Uterine Myomas Appear Suspicious for Sarcoma as Assessed by Transvaginal Ultrasound?

Uterine myomas may resemble uterine sarcomas in some cases. However, the rate of benign myomas appearing as sarcomas at an ultrasound examination is not known. The objective of this study is to determine the percentage of benign myomas that appear suspicious for uterine sarcoma on ultrasound examination. This is a prospective observational multicenter study (June 2019-December 2021) comprising a consecutive series of patients with histologically proven uterine myoma after hysterectomy or myomectomy who underwent transvaginal and/or transabdominal ultrasound prior to surgery. All ultrasound examinations were performed by expert examiners. MUSA criteria were used to describe the lesions (1). Suspicion of sarcoma was established when three or more sonographic features, described by Ludovisi et al. as "frequently seen in uterine sarcoma", were present (2). These features are no visible myometrium, irregular cystic areas, non-uniform echogenicity, irregular contour, "cooked" appearance, and a Doppler color score of 3-4. In addition, the examiners had to classify the lesion as suspicious based on her/his impression, independent of the number of features present. Eight hundred and ten women were included. The median maximum diameter of the myomas was 58.7 mm (range: 10.0-263.0 mm). Three hundred and forty-nine (43.1%) of the patients had more than one myoma. Using the criterion of >3 suspicious features, 40 (4.9%) of the myomas had suspicious appearance. By subjective impression, the examiners considered 40 (4.9%) cases suspicious. The cases were not exactly the same. We conclude that approximately 5% of benign uterine myomas may exhibit sonographic suspicion of sarcoma. Although it is a small percentage, it is not negligible

Cuerpos estereotipados, cuerpos enterrados, cuerpos representados, cuerpos cambiantes. Una aproximación panorámica desde la arqueología feminista

En este trabajo abordamos distintas vías de aproximación a las identidades corporales femeninas y a su agencia, desde una perspectiva transversal, tomando como referencia algunos casos de estudio procedentes de contextos seleccionados de la prehistoria y protohistoria de la península ibérica, así como del Mediterráneo Antiguo. Tres ejes principales ordenarán este acercamiento: en primer lugar, una reflexión sobre los estereotipos de las imágenes de la prehistoria, que han generado modelos comprensivos sobre el pasado que están profundamente distorsionados; en segundo lugar, el estudio de las identidades corporales, a través del análisis de los cuerpos depositados y representados en distintos casos seleccionados y, por último, una mirada desde la bioarqueología sobre el rol, los cuidados y las transformaciones de los cuerpos femeninos contextualizados en su propio ciclo vital. Esta reflexión colectiva nos permite ofrecer una puesta al día aproximativa a las líneas de investigación que, desde el grupo Pastwomen, desarrollamos en relación con el estudio de las corporalidades en el pasado, como base analítica fundamental para profundizar en los comportamientos sociales y en la construcción de las identidades colectivas. Pero, también, para la generación de nuevas narrativas y de un imaginario del pasado, colectivo e inclusivo, basado en la investigación rigurosa. In this paper we present a number of approaches to the issue of female corporeal identities and their agency. Employing a traverse perspective, we focus on a variety of prehistoric and protohistoric case studies from the Iberian Peninsula as well as from the ancient Mediterranean in general. Our proposal follows three principal lines of research: first, we reflect on the stereotypical images of prehistory which have produced profoundly distorted models of the past. Second, we examine the question of corporeal identities based on a group of selected burials. Finally, using bioarchaeological data, the third line is a comprehensive overview of social status, level of care, and visible changes in female bodies within the context of their specific life cycle. We offer a general reflection which allows us to present the current state of research that has been undertaken by the group Past Women. This covers the study of corporeal identities in the past as a fundamental analytical basis to analyze social behavior and the construction of collective identities. It also helps generate new narratives, collective and inclusive, based on rigorous research

2022-RA-1389-ESGO Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound O-RADS for classifying adnexal mass: systematic review and meta-analysis

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Desarrollo de material audiovisual (zootomías de diversas especies animales) aplicable a prácticas del campo de la Zoología, Anatomía y Biología, para su utilización en un entorno virtual

La ejecución del proyecto ha permitido la obtención del material audiovisual previsto en los objetivos iniciales. Este material comprende 8 videos correspondientes a las X prácticas incluidas en el objetivo inicial del proyecto, en los que se han incrustado las imágenes, vídeos y locución en cada uno de ellos. Se ha intentado generar un material atractivo para el alumno, en el que se le explica con voz en off o en la propia diapositiva los distintos apartados para que se pueda comprender fácilmente la práctica. Los videos se colgarán en el Campus Virtual de las asignaturas el próximo curso, antes de las sesiones prácticas, en la carpeta correspondiente de prácticas. Se dejará a disposición de los estudiantes todo el curso. Será una importante herramienta de apoyo para los docentes, ya que el estudiante deberá de previsualizarlas antes de ir a la sesión de prácticas correspondiente. Por tanto, servirá claramente para el objetivo que se planteó. Cada video constituye un material e-learning, puesto que el estudiante puede visualizarlo tantas veces como desee y en cualquier momento, lo que favorece el aprendizaje autónomo. Por otro lado, el profesor puede hacer una aproximación a la metodología de flipped learning en la que el estudiante comprende y prepara los contenidos antes de ir a la sesión práctica. Con el material generado en este proyecto los estudiantes realizarán los procedimientos experimentales de manera más rápida y eficaz, ya que han visualizado previamente cómo se realizaban, o incluso podrán ir siguiendo los pasos en la sesión, de forma autónoma, consultando el contenido online disponible. La previa del contenido online puede ayudar a desarrollar sesiones prácticas en las que también se puedan resolver dudas y cuestiones complejas, al tener más tiempo.Fac. de VeterinariaFALSEsubmitte

Export and turnover of transparent exopolymer particles into the deep ocean

2nd Meeting of the Iberian Ecological Society (SIBECOL), XXI conference of the Iberian Association of Limnology (AIL) and 21st National Congress of the Portuguese Ecological Society (SPECO), 3-8 July 2022, AveiroAcidic polysaccharides released by phytoplankton and prokaryotic heterotrophs promote the formation of gel-like transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs). TEPs play a key role in the biological carbon pump due to their carbon-rich composition and their ability to coagulate and sink towards the deep ocean. Yet, very little is known about TEP distribution, export, and turnover at a global scale, particularly at deep ocean depths. We provide the first inventory of TEP from the surface up to 4000 m depth in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and have assessed their contribution to carbon export into the deep ocean. Primary production determines TEP concentration above the deep chlorophyll maximum, and prokaryotic biomass also contributes in deeper waters. In the deep ocean waters, TEP concentrations are lower and mirror the concentrations in the surface, evidencing the importance of TEP sinking both at the export depth (200 m) with a global value of 2.9 Pg C year-1 and at the sequestration depth (1000 m) of 0.9 Pg C year-1 of particulate carbon. However, incubation experiments across ocean basins depicted rapid TEP turnover rates of 71 and 333 days (on average) within the export and sequestration depths, respectively. These findings reveal that the export of carbon by TEP sinking towards deep oceans escapes from long-term paths of the global carbon cycleN

La enseñanza en el máster de abogacía a través del análisis de casos reales de carácter multidisciplinar. Aprendizaje "a partir del estudio de razonamientos parciales temáticos"

Generar blog para publicaciones de alumnos del Máster Abogacía, con "entradas" dirigidas. Habría análisis desde varias disciplinas añadiéndose estudios con enfoque basado en otras áreas de conocimiento, generando interdisciplinariedad