Estudio cariológico en moluscos bivalvos

[Resumen]SE ANALIZARON LOS CROMOSOMAS DE 13 BIVALVOS EXPLOTADOS COMERCIALMENTE, CON EL FIN DE CARACTERIZAR SUS CARIOTIPOS E IDENTIFICAR CRITERIOS SUSCEPTIBLES DE DIFERENCIAR LAS ESPECIES DE UNA MISMA FAMILIA, PRESTANDO ESPECIAL ATENCION A LAS ESPECIES CUYA TAXONOMIA ES OBJETO DE CONTROVERSIA. LOS RESULTADOS APORTADOS COMPRENDEN LA DETERMINACION DEL NUMERO DE CROMOSOMAS EN MYTILUS TROSSULUS, OSTREA PUELCHANA, CERASTODERMA EDULE, VENERUPIS PULLASTRA Y VENERUPIS RHOMBOIDES; LA DESCRIPCION DE LA MORFOLOGIA CROMOSOMICA EN M. GALLOPROVINCIALIS, M. EDULIS, M. TROSSULUS, PERNA PERNA, O. DENSELAMELLOSA, O. PUELCHANA, C. EDULE, V. PULLASTRA Y V. RHOMBOIDES; LA LOCALIZACION DE LAS REGIONES ORGANIZADORAS DEL NUCLEOLO EN M. GALLOPROVINCIALIS, M. EDULIS, M. TROSSULUS, P. PERNA, CRASSOSTREA GIGAS, O. EDULIS, O. DENSELAMELLOSA, O. PUELCHANA, RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM Y V. AUREA; ASI COMO TAMBIEN LA IDENTIFICACION DE REGIONES DE HETEROCROMATINA CONSTITUTIVA EN M. EDULIS, M. TROSSULUS, C. GIGAS, O. EDULIS, O. DENSELAMELLOSA, C. EDULE Y V. AUREA

The 5S rDNA of the bivalve Cerastoderma edule: nucleotide sequence of the repeat unit and chromosomal location relative to 18S–28S rDNA

International audienc

Genetic Variability in Ruditapes Decussatus Clam Combined With Perkinsus Infection Level to Support Founder Population Selection for a Breeding Program

[Abstract] Clam farmers worldwide face several challenges, including irregular seed supply and high mortalities due to pathogenic organisms such as "Perkinsus olseni". In Europe, there is a high unmet consumer demand for native clam species such as "Ruditapes decussatus". The high market value of "R. decussatus" makes the culture of this species potentially more attractive than that culture of the alien species "Ruditapes philippinarum". Thus, there is a market opportunity in breeding and producing "R. decussatus" at an industrial scale. A selective breeding program to improve "R. decussatus" performance will be carried out in Portugal; and the first critical step to develop such a breeding program is the establishment of a founder population. In this study, intra- and interpopulation genetic diversity was assessed using 13 microsatellite markers in eight natural beds located in Portugal, Spain and Italy. Also, allele and genotypic frequencies of each microsatellite locus were assessed discriminating between clams infected and non-infected by "P. olseni". All locations showed similar values for several genetic diversity parameters. Analyses of population differentiation (FST, Bayesian clustering and AMOVAs) revealed five genetically differentiated regions: Rías Altas and Rías Baixas (NW Spain), North/Central Coast of Portugal, Gulf of Cadiz and Adriatic Sea. Significant differences in the allelic and genotypic frequency distribution between infected clams and non-infected ones at four microsatellite loci are reported suggesting that resistance to the disease could have a genetic basis. Moreover, a positive or negative relationship between the frequency of certain alleles and the parasite infection was inferred. Further studies should confirm the potential use of those alleles as genetic markers for "P. olseni" infection. Integrating results of genetic diversity within and between populations and Perkinsus infection levels, a founder population for a "R. decussatu" breeding program is proposed, composed by individuals from Barallobre (Rías Altas), Pontevedra or Cangas (Rías Baixas), Óbidos (North/Central Coast of Portugal), Algarve (Gulf of Cadiz) and Venice (Adriatic Sea).Governo da República Portuguesa; 22390 (16/SI/2016) (CENTRO-01-0247-FEDER-022390)Ministério do Mar (Portugal); FA_01_2017_00

Genetic characterization of wild, broodstock and seed samples of Polititapes rhomboides (Bivalvia: Veneridae): Implications for hatchery seed production

The banded carpet shell Polititapes rhomboides is a fishery resource and a suitable candidate for the development of native clam aquaculture in Europe. Here, we analyzed nine microsatellite loci in wild samples to provide estimates of genetic diversity and population differentiation for NW Spain, the main production area of this clam. We also analyzed wild-caught broodstock and hatchery-reared seed to investigate the genetic consequences of seed production for stock enhancement purposes by mass spawning. We examined the seed sample as a whole (total seed), but also subdivided it into three size classes to assess the genetic consequences of size grading. While wild samples, broodstock included, displayed minimal or no genetic differences, the total seed showed a reduction in allelic richness (12-24 %) and a significant level of differentiation (FST = 0.026-0.043) with respect to wild samples. After performing parentage assignment, we detected a drastic reduction in the effective number of breeders (Ne) compared to the census number (85 %), and an inbreeding rate of 0.036 per generation. The low Ne and high inbreeding rate were mainly due to high variance in reproductive success. The seed size classes also showed a decrease in allelic richness and significant genetic differentiation, but we did not find significant differences in parental contribution to each size class. Our results may help the genetic-assisted management of wild populations, give insight into the genetic composition of the seed produced by mass spawning and provide a basis for the development of more effective hatchery practices and sustainable stock enhancement programs in P. rhomboides.The authors would like to thank the staff at Centro de Cultivos Marinos de Ribadeo-CIMA, Xunta de Galicia, Ribadeo (Lugo), Spain for providing the hatchery-reared seed. This study was funded by the Conselleria de Economia e Industria (Xunta de Galicia, Spain) through project 09MMA030508PR

Heterochrony when opening the windows

Entrevistamos a Fernando Trujillo Sáez, doctor en Filología Inglesa y Profesor Titular de Universidad en el Departamento de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura; quién tiene su “centro neurálgico de actividad docente” en la Facultad de Educación, Economía y Tecnología de Ceuta (Universidad de Granada) aunque, si hay algo que lo caracteriza es que está, como él mismo dice, “continuamente moviéndose”

Aprendizaxe baseada en problemas en Xenética Molecular

[Resumo] A aprendizaxe baseada en problemas (ABP) trátase dunha metodoloxía na que os alumnos, guiados polo profesor, deben resolver un problema. No proceso, os alumnos constrúen e aplican coñecementos en lugar de ser meros receptores. Neste traballo, propoñemos aplicar ABP na materia Xenética Molecular do Grao en Bioloxía e do Programa de Simultaneidade do Grao en Bioloxía e o Grao en Química, impartidos na Facultade de Ciencias da UDC. O obxectivo é espertar un maior interese pola Bioinformática, unha parte da materia considerada a miúdo ardua e tediosa. Tamén pretendemos incrementar a orientación da materia cara á práctica profesional. A actividade que se propón consta de tarefas prácticas estruturadas, idénticas ás que se realizan nun laboratorio típico de Xenética Molecular. Así, o problema a resolver enfronta aos alumnos a unha situación real que implica non só aplicar coñecementos senón tamén tomar decisións. Para resolver o problema, os alumnos recibirán unha explicación previa do profesor e disporán de orientación mediante titorías e un foro en Moodle. A actividade desenvolverase en grupos de 4-5 alumnos. A aprendizaxe avaliarase en base á exposición oral apoiada nunha presentación Power Point que realice un membro do grupo elixido polo profesor e aos comentarios críticos que realicen os demais membros do grupo. Para organizar as titorías de avaliación, usarase a ferramenta Doodle. A actividade de ABP que se presenta contribuirá a desenvolver competencias recollidas na guía docente da materia e debería axudar aos alumnos a ver a relevancia do traballo realizado en Xenética Molecula

La humanización de la asistencia sanitaria y su comunicación a través de la responsabilidad social = The humanization of health care and its communication through social responsibility

Resumen: Los hospitales siempre han tenido, per se, una función social de gran importancia puesto que su principal actividad se centra en curar y cuidar a los enfermos. Sin embargo, lograr que esa asistencia sanitaria sea más humana resulta de la mayor relevancia. La aplicación de los conceptos que sustentan las iniciativas de Responsabilidad Social podrían constituir una herramienta adecuada para el análisis y la deliberación con el objetivo de desarrollar un plan para la humanización de la asistencia sanitaria en colaboración con la Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, para ello seguimos una estructura lógica secuencial. En primer lugar, se identificaron los grupos de interés involucrados en el sector sanitario, ana­lizando su implicación en la humanización de la asistencia sanitaria, y su nivel de influencia, permitiendo la realización de un análisis de materialidad. En segundo lugar, se objetivaron las mejores prácticas en el ámbito de la asistencia clínica hospitalaria, comparando cinco organizaciones sanitarias de ámbito na­cional. Por último, se procedió al diseño de un plan concretando acciones a desarrollar. Concluimos que los postulados de la Responsabilidad Social y su comunicación eficaz podrían constituir una excelente estrategia hacia el logro de la humanización de la atención sanitaria.Palabras clave: Responsabilidad Social; Humanización; Asistencia sanitaria; Comunicación.Abstract: Hospitals have always been institutions with an important social role because their principal activity consists in cure and treat the ill. However, making the health care more humane it’s really important. The use of the concepts that support the Social responsibility initiatives could constitute a suitable tool for the deliberation and analysis with the objective of developing a plan with the purpose of humanizing the healthcare system in collaboration with the Xeren­cia de Xestión Integrada of Santiago de Compostela, for that we follow a sequential logic structure. To begin with, the interest groups involved in the health system are identified, analyzing its implication in the humanization of the healthcare, and its level of influence, allowing the elaboration of a materialization analysis. In addition to, the best practices in the health care system have been objectified, comparing five health organizations in the national sphere. Finally a plan stating what actions should be developed was designed. We conclude that the postulates of Social Responsibility and it’s effective communication could be an excellent strategy to achieve the humanization of the healthcare system.Keywords: Social Responsability; Humanization; Healthcare; Communication