778 research outputs found
Cononocimiento del profesor sobre pensamiento estadístico
En este artículo se muestran los diferentes elementos del pensamiento estadístico a través de la práctica de dos profesoras. Dado que se parte de la práctica docente, el marco metodológico es el modelo del cuarteto del conocimiento. Este modelo permite determinar el conocimiento movilizado en una clase a través de las situaciones o tareas que plantea el profesor a sus alumnos. Se describen brevemente los elementos del pensamiento estadístico y su asociación con cada una de las dimensiones del cuarteto a través de diversos episodios de aula al trabajar el tópico de los gráficos estadísticos. Esta recopilación puede constituir una muestra del conocimiento que debe tener un profesor y que puede guiar el diseño de la formación de profesores
Impact of soil texture on plant communities of Raphanus raphanistrum L.
Our soil study of the chromic soils located in the strip of land between Sierra Morena and the Guadalquivir Valley reveals a pH-value close to neutral in 25 samples. The pH-values are close to 5.5 only in the samples taken from the arenosols of the granitic batholith of Los Pedroches. However, it is the percentage of clay, sand and silt that explains the occurrence of grassland dominated by Raphanus raphanistrum, in the company of species with a psammophilous character such as Linaria spartea, Linaria amethystea and Brassica barrelieri.
Our soil analysis reveals the presence of acid or base-poor soils. Consequently, the community of Raphanus raphanistrum found there displays an acidophilous, neutro-basophilous and subarenicolous character. Different types of sabulicolous plant communities appear as a result of the gradation of the soil texture. Since the Raphanus communities cannot be considered as genuinely sabulicolous, we have coined the term ‘subarenicolous’ to describe any plant community whose optimum sand content lies between 50% and 70%. The community of Linaria spartea and Raphanus raphanistrum is neutro-basophilous and is found in at least the Marianic-Monchiquensean and North Hispalensean sectors. The floristic composition of the association is made up of Raphanus raphanistrum, Linaria spartea, Linaria amethystea, Medicago polymorpha, Hordeum leporinum, Bromus diandrus, Brassica barrelieri
Overall quality of sporting events and emotions as predictors of future intentions of Duathlon participants
[EN] The present study is intended to analyze the effect of global quality, perceived value,
general satisfaction, and emotions on future behavior patterns among participants in
the European Duathlon Championship. In this sense, a questionnaire was administered
(n = 210), composed of four sections: essential demographic and profiling variables,
perceived quality, overall quality, and emotions. Consequently, a relational model was
designed to be examined by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy set
qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Results reveal that global quality and general
satisfaction are key dimensions for determining future behaviors of participants, but
not so the perceived value. Moreover, up to three combinations of these dimensions
together with emotions -pleasure and arousal- emerged as enough for depicting future
intentions to a great extent. In this line, a remarkably sufficient combination consists
of global quality, general satisfaction, pleasure, and arousal. These findings will guide
organizers to design strategies that provide exciting experiences, as well as quality and
satisfaction to the participants of sports events.S
The impact of the COVID-19 confinement on the habits of PA practice according to gender (male/female): Spanish case
Producción CientíficaThe declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in drastic changes to life worldwide. In Spain, the state of alarm caused the confinement of 47 million inhabitants, affecting every aspect of life. This study analyzes the impact of such confinement on the health of men and women, as well as the effect on the practice of physical activity (PA) of both genders. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered. A total of 1046 people (48.57% men and 51.43% women) with an average age of 40 years (SD ± 13.35) participated in this study. For both genders, there was a significant decrease in quantity and intensity (p = 0.000). There was also an alteration in the type of PA practiced, shifting from cardiorespiratory exercise and muscular fitness to flexibility and neuromotor exercise (especially in women). The most popular way of practicing PA during the confinement was “autonomously” (statistically higher in men (M = 3.58) compared to women (M = 3.18)) and the most frequent format was “virtual” (statistically higher in women (M = 2.81) compared to men (M = 1.94)). Confinement modifies the habits of PA practice, especially in men. Both genders put their health and quality of life at risk by not following the PA guidelines of the health authorities World Health Organization (WHO) and American College of Sports Medicine ACSM). These conclusions highlight the importance of considering gender when designing programs and PA formats for the promotion of physical activity to reduce the existing gender divide
Experienced vs. Novice Participants Perception of Overall Quality and Intention to Join in Future Sport Trials: Case European Duathlon Championship
[EN] Even though athletes’ experience has been ascertained to shape the perception of quality
in sports events, scarce studies have addressed this issue jointly with the intent to join in upcoming
comparable sports challenges. (1) Background: The present research investigates how the experience
determines the evaluation of the championship and future intentions. (2) Methods: The PLS (SEM)
method was evaluated specifically for both novice and experienced duathlon participants, and
secondly, the fsQCA methodology was applied with the intention to estimate combinatorial net effects
to confirm the hypothesis proposed. (3) Results reveal that the overall quality is equally important
for novice and experienced individuals as a determinant of future intentions. However, novices tend
to value more positively all the dimensions analyzed, while experienced ones noted higher levels of
demand. (4) These findings highlight the importance of designing adequate management strategies
for the participants with different levels of performance.S
The impact of the COVID-19 confinement on the habits of PA practice according to gender (male/female): Spanish case
[EN] The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in drastic changes to life worldwide.
In Spain, the state of alarm caused the confinement of 47 million inhabitants, a ecting every aspect of
life. This study analyzes the impact of such confinement on the health of men and women, as well
as the e ect on the practice of physical activity (PA) of both genders. An ad hoc questionnaire was
administered. A total of 1046 people (48.57% men and 51.43% women) with an average age of 40
years (SD 13.35) participated in this study. For both genders, there was a significant decrease in
quantity and intensity (p = 0.000). There was also an alteration in the type of PA practiced, shifting
from cardiorespiratory exercise and muscular fitness to flexibility and neuromotor exercise (especially
in women). The most popular way of practicing PA during the confinement was “autonomously”
(statistically higher in men (M = 3.58) compared to women (M = 3.18)) and the most frequent format
was “virtual” (statistically higher in women (M = 2.81) compared to men (M = 1.94)). Confinement
modifies the habits of PA practice, especially in men. Both genders put their health and quality of life
at risk by not following the PA guidelines of the health authoritiesWorld Health Organization (WHO)
and American College of Sports Medicine ACSM). These conclusions highlight the importance of
considering gender when designing programs and PA formats for the promotion of physical activity
to reduce the existing gender divide.S
Soil and Phytosociological Characterisation of Grasslands in the Western Mediterranean
A study was made of grasslands in olive groves with a high frequency of Hordeum leporinum Link,
Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Malva neglecta Wallr., Aegilops geniculata Roth and Dasypyrum
villosum (L.) Borbas, initially included in the alliance Hordeion leporini Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Gajewski,
Wraber & Walas 1936 corr. O. Bolós 1962, and sub-alliance Malvenion neglectae Gutte 1966. The
study was carried out in the western Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, Portugal and northern Morocco).
The soil and phytosociological treatment of the samples contributes information for new plant
communities. In the study of plant communities, the indices of degree of presence are adapted to
those of Van der Maarel. The new alliance Securigero securidacae-Dasypyrion villosi is proposed
for the sub-Mediterranean and Euro-Siberian territories, with the new communities Securigero
securidacae-Dasypyretum villosi and Convolvulo elegantissimi-Aegilopetum geniculatae. This last
community, due to its richness in Aegilops geniculata Roth, could be included in the alliance Taeniathero-
Aegilopion geniculatae Rivas-Martínez & Izco 1977; however, the soil and statistical analyses
reveal that it should remain part of the alliance Securigero securidacae-Dasypyrion villosi.
The soil and floristic study of Hordeion leporini and Malvenion neglectae allows us to describe the
new sub-alliance Resedo albae-Chrysanthemenion coronarii, subordinated to Malvion neglectae
(Gutte 1966) status novo
Building, coding and programming 3D models via a visual programming environment
[EN] This paper presents the findings of a study conducted in the state-funded Infant,
Primary and Secondary School Santísima Trinidad in Salamanca. The main objectives of
the research were, to evaluate the use of the visual programming environment, Lego
Education WeDo, in natural science and to know the benefits of the use of this tool to teach
abstract concepts, solve problems and motivate students. In order to achieve these
objectives, we used the case study method since we focused on individuals who represented
the phenomenon of our interest, and explored and investigated in depth the phenomenon
in its natural context bounded by time and space. In the research were involved a
teacher and fifty-two students of 4th grade of primary education. The study found that the
project developed was effective to help students to achieve the learning objectives of the
unit, and also to begin building, coding and programming 3D models. The research showed
the teacher’ fundamental role as a guide and students’ active role as builders, programmers,
or presenters. There were evidences of the possibilities offered to acquire the skills of
critical thinking, creative thinking, problem solving, reflection, collaboration, communication,
and time management. Due to the positive results obtained in this study, it is recommended to incorporate computational thinking in primary education and in core
content areas since it is fundamental in the current society
Overview of lithium's use: a nationwide survey
BACKGROUND: Lithium is considered the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). Current clinical guidelines and scientific evidence support its use as a first-line treatment in BD. However, over the last two decades, there has been a downward tendency in lithium's use in several developed countries. Based on a nationwide survey, this study's objective is to analyze in a large sample of psychiatrists relevant issues of the use of lithium salts in BD.
METHODS: Data were collected through an anonymous survey sent by email among 500 psychiatrists who belong to a National Society of Psychiatry (Spanish Society of Biological Psychiatry). The survey is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 21 items on the most key aspects of lithium's use (indication, dosage, monitoring, and information for patients).
RESULTS: 212 psychiatrists completed the survey. 70% of psychiatrists prescribe lithium to more than 50% of patients diagnosed with BD. Adverse effects are the main reason not to use lithium salts. Over 75% of the participants consider lithium salts the treatment of choice for the maintenance phase of BD, both in women and men. Most of the participants (>50%) start lithium after the first affective episode, use conservative plasma concentrations (0.6-0.8mmol/L), and generally prescribe it twice a day. 57% of psychiatrists who treat patients under 18 do not use lithium in this population. About 70% of the survey respondents use official protocols to inform and monitor patients on lithium treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the use of lithium in Spain is in line with the recommendations of the main international clinical guidelines and current scientific literature. The first reason not to prescribe lithium in our country is the perception of its adverse effects and not the aspects related to its practical use or its effectiveness. Considering that BD is a chronic disease with a typical onset in adolescence, the low rate of prescription of lithium salts in patients under 18 must be thoroughly studied.This work was supported by Carlos III Health Research Institute [Grant Number PI18/0155] (co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER/ERDF)/European Social Fund 'Investing in your future'); Networking Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), the Basque Government [Grant number, 2017111104] and the University of the Basque Country [Grant Number 321212ELBY]. The psychiatric research department in Araba University Hospital is supported by the Stanley Research Foundation [Grant number 03-RC-003].
Cannabis use and nonuse in patients with first-episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing neurocognitive functioning
BACKGROUND.: The implications of cannabis use in the onset of early psychosis and the severity of psychotic symptoms have resulted in a proliferation of studies on this issue. However, few have examined the effects of cannabis use on the cognitive symptoms of psychosis (i.e., neurocognitive functioning) in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the neurocognitive functioning of cannabis users (CU) and nonusers (NU) with FEP.
METHODS.: Of the 110 studies identified through the systematic review of 6 databases, 7 met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 14 independent samples and 78 effect sizes. The total sample included 304 CU with FEP and 369 NU with FEP. The moderator variables were age at first use, duration of use, percentage of males, and age.
RESULTS.: Effect sizes were not significantly different from zero in any neurocognitive domain when users and NU were compared. Part of the variability in effect sizes was explained by the inclusion of the following moderator variables: (1) frequency of cannabis use (beta = 0.013, F = 7.56, p = 0.017); (2) first-generation antipsychotics (beta = 0.019, F = 34.46, p ≤ 0.001); and (3) country where the study was carried out (beta = 0.266, t = 2.06, p = 0.043).
CONCLUSIONS.: This meta-analysis indicates that cannabis use is not generally associated with neurocognitive functioning in patients with FEP. However, it highlights the deleterious effect of low doses of cannabis in some patients. It also stresses the importance of the type of antipsychotic prescription and cannabis dose as moderator variables in the neurocognitive functioning of CU with FEP.This study was partially funded by UNIR Research(http:// research.unir.net), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR, http://www. unir.net), under Research Support Strategy 3 [2015–2017], Research Group “PSICONLINE General Health Psychology,” and the Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (MINECO) within the framework of the Subprogram Challenge-Research (Retos-Investigación) I+D+I 2017 (PSI2017- 82542-R)
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