Consumo de macronutrientes e suplementos por fisiculturistas

Bodybuilders are athletes who use drastic methods to achieve their goals, such as training intensity associated with high-restriction nutritional strategies and the use of exacerbated supplementation, which can compromise your health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of macronutrients and supplements during the pre-competition period by bodybuilders. High performance athletes were selected, participating in the 48th Brazilian Championship of Bodybuilding and Fitness - IFBB 2018, held in the city of Ribeirão Preto, investigating the use of macronutrients and supplementation in the pre-contest period of the bodybuilding championship, with that for the collection. Data was used in a semi-structured questionnaire. Participants totaled 81 bodybuilders, 54 of whom were male and 27 females. The consumption of macronutrients by male athletes revealed that protein was the most consumed macronutrient with 51.22%, or carbohydrate in second with 31.62% and lastly lipids with 17.68%. There is already an average consumption of macronutrients by female athletes, or macronutrients most consumed also with protein with 61.21%, second or in carbohydrates with 28.71% and lastly with lipids with 10.07% consumption. Relatives use supplements 91% of male athletes and 96% of female athletes. From the results, note whether athletes consumed macronutrients and supplements inappropriately that can cause future health damage, or the study reveals the need for guidance on the use of macronutrients and supplements for bodybuilders, to avoid damage to health and maintenance. Good performance in competitions.Fisiculturistas são atletas que utilizam métodos drásticos para alcançar seus objetivos, como intensidade de treino elevada associada a estratégias nutricionais de altíssima restrição e uso de suplementação exacerbada, que podem comprometer sua saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o consumo de macronutrientes e suplementos durante o período de pré-contest por fisiculturistas. Foram selecionados atletas de alto rendimento, participantes do 48° Campeonato Brasileiro de Fisiculturismo e Fitness - IFBB 2018, realizado na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, investigando o uso de macronutrientes e suplementação no período pré-contest do campeonato de fisiculturismo, com isso para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário semi-estruturado. Os participantes somaram 81 fisiculturistas, sendo 54 do sexo masculino e 27 do sexo feminino. O consumo de macronutrientes dos atletas masculinos revelou que a proteína foi o macronutriente mais consumido com 51,22%, o carboidrato em segundo com 31,62% e por último os lipídios com 17,68%. Já a média do consumo de macronutrientes das atletas femininas, o macronutriente mais consumido também foi a proteína com 61,21%, em segundo o carboidrato com 28,71% e por último os lipídios com 10,07% de consumo. Relataram utilizar suplementos 91% dos atletas masculinos e 96% das atletas femininas. A partir dos resultados, nota-se que os atletas consumiram macronutrientes e suplementos de forma inadequada que podem acarretar prejuízos futuros à saúde, o estudo revela a necessidade de orientação para o uso de macronutrientes e suplementos por fisiculturistas, para evitar prejuízos à saúde e manutenção do bom desempenho nas competições

The Novel Coronavirus: An Alert for Pacifiers’ Disinfection

Objective: To evaluate the best strategy for pacifier disinfection methods. Material and Methods: The literature search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to find all relevant articles published over the past 20 years, based on PRISMA guidelines. Two reviewers extracted data independently by using a standardized form. The following factors were recorded: country of study, type of study, pacifier material, sample number, microorganisms analyzed, decontamination methods used, method accessibility and results found. Results: A total of 121 articles were obtained from all databases. The selected documents underwent a final screening, resulting in 8 articles. The method of disinfection analyzed by the literature were: 3.5% neutral detergent, apple cider vinegar 70% spray, boiling water during 15 minutes, sodium hypochlorite 2.5, hydrogen peroxide 70% spray, chlorhexidine 0.12%, Brushtox®, sterile water and microwave. Conclusion: Because of the broad methods for pacifier disinfection and different levels of accessibility to disinfectant agents, the pacifier consensus for decontamination remains unclear. Although the disinfection methods are diverse, the methods suggested to its disinfection were identified and described in this article

Development of experimental in vitro burn model

PURPOSE:To propose an experimental burn model in NIH-3T3 cell line.METHODS: Induction of thermal injury in cultures of mouse fibroblast - NIH-3T3- cell line and determination of cell viability by MTT and imunofluorescence.RESULTS: The heating of the Petri dish increased proportionally to the temperature of the base and the time of exposure to microwave. In this in vitro burn model, using the cell line NIH-3T3 was observed drastic cellular injury with significant changes in cell viability and activity. It showed drastically modified cell morphology with altered membrane, cytoskeleton and nucleus, and low cellularity compared to the control group.CONCLUSION: The burn model in vitro using the cell line NIH-3T3 was reproductive and efficient. This burn model was possible to determine significant changes in cell activity and decreased viability, with drastic change in morphology, cell lysis and death.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Department of Biological SciencesUNIFESPUNIFESPSciEL

Avaliação do conhecimento e práticas de responsáveis acerca da desinfecção das chupetas

Introduction: The habit of sucking a pacifier is common in children, as this object is a vehicle for contamination and transmission of disease-causing microorganisms, thus requiring correct disinfection. Objective: To evaluate the pacifier disinfection practices carried out by the guardians of children using pacifiers or that have already used it. Material and Methods: After ethical approval, a semi-structured questionnaire (12 questions) was applied to parents and grandparents of children who maintained the habit of pacifiers or who has interrupted it for a maximum of two years. The questions dealt with pacifier disinfection habits, access to disinfection instruction and health professionals, including dentists. The association between categorical variables was established using the Chi-square test and continuous variables using Pearson's correlation. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: 104 questionnaires were considered for the sample. The average age of the respondents was 32 years, the majority of whom were women (91.3%). The average age of children who used a pacifier was 26 months. Although boiling water is the most reported method of disinfecting pacifiers (35.6%), 15.4% of respondents reported using only running water. In addition, only 20.2% of respondents received any instruction from health professionals on disinfection, and only 29.8% reported having already taken the child to the dentist. The association between the frequency of pacifier disinfection and the frequency of going to the dentist was statistically significant. Conclusion: The knowledge by parents and family members about the disinfection of pacifiers was not adequate in this study. This fact may be related to the lack of access to information, through health professionals.Introdução: O hábito de sucção de chupeta é comum em crianças, sendo este objeto um veículo de contaminação e transmissão de microrganismos causadores de doenças, necessitando, dessa forma, de uma correta desinfecção. Objetivo: Avaliar as práticas de desinfecção de chupetas realizadas pelos responsáveis de crianças que tenham ou que já tiveram o hábito de usar chupeta. Material e Métodos: Após a aprovação ética, foi aplicado questionário semiestruturado (12 questões) a pais e avós de crianças que mantinham o hábito da chupeta ou que o interromperam há no máximo dois anos. As questões versaram sobre hábitos de desinfecção de chupetas, acesso a instrução sobre a desinfecção e a profissionais de saúde, incluindo dentistas. A associação entre variáveis categóricas foi estabelecida pelo teste Qui-quadrado e das variáveis contínuas pela correlação de Pearson. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Foram considerados para a amostra 104 questionários. A média de idade dos respondentes foi de 32 anos, sendo a maioria mulheres (91,3%). A idade média das crianças que usaram a chupeta foi de 26 meses. Apesar de água sob fervura ser o método de desinfecção das chupetas mais relatado (35,6%), 15,4% dos respondentes relataram usar apenas água corrente. Além disso, apenas 20,2% dos respondentes receberam alguma instrução de profissionais de saúde sobre a desinfecção, e somente 29,8% relataram já ter levado a criança ao dentista. A associação entre a frequência de desinfecção de chupetas e a frequência de ida ao cirurgião-dentista apresentou significância estatística. Conclusão: O conhecimento por pais e familiares sobre a desinfecção de chupetas não se mostrou adequado neste estudo. Tal fato pode estar relacionado à falta de acesso à informação, por meio de profissionais de saúde

Amblyomin-X induces ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and caspase activation in human melanoma and pancreatic tumor cell

During the last two decades, new insights into proteasome function and its role in several human diseases made it a potential therapeutic target. In this context, Amblyomin-X is a Kunitz-type FXa inhibitor similar to endogenous tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and is a novel proteasome inhibitor. Herein, we have demonstrated Amblyomin-X cytotoxicity to different tumor cells lines such as pancreatic (Panc1, AsPC1BxPC3) and melanoma (SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28). Of note, Amblyomin-X was not cytotoxic to normal human fibroblast cells. In addition, Amblyomin-X promoted accumulation of ER stress markers (GRP78 and GADD153) in sensitive (SK-MEL-28) and bortezomib-resistant (Mia-PaCa-2) tumor cells. The intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+] (i) was slightly modulated in human tumor cells (SK-MEL-28 and Mia-PaCa-2) after 24 h of Amblyomin-X treatment. Furthermore, Amblyomin-X induced mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome-c release, PARP cleavage, and activation of caspase cascade in both human tumor (SK-MEL-28 and Mia-PaCa-2) cells. These investigations might help in further understanding of the antitumor properties of Amblyomin-X.Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq, INCTTox)Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)Uniao Quimica Farmaceutica NacionalButantan Inst, Biochem & Biophys Lab, Ave Vital Brazil 1500, BR-05503900 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biochem, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Chem, Dept Biochem, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Expt Oncol Med Invest Lab, LIM 24, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biochem, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2010/52669-3FAPESP: 2010/07958-7FAPESP: 2011/05969-4FAPESP: CAT/CEPID 1998/14307-9FAPESP: CETICs 2013/07467-1Web of Scienc

Nutritional profile of newborns with microcephaly and factors associated with worse outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To describe the nutritional profile of newborns with microcephaly and factors associated with worse outcomes during the first 14 days of life. METHODS: This investigation is a longitudinal, descriptive study carried out in 21 full-term neonates exposed vertically to the Zika virus and hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit from February to September 2016. Patients receiving parenteral nutrition were excluded. Data analysis was performed using a generalized estimating equation model and Student’s t-test to evaluate the association between worsening weight-for-age z-scores and independent clinical, sociodemographic and nutritional variables during hospitalization, with po0.05 indicating significance. RESULTS: During hospitalization, there was a decrease in the mean values of the weight-for-age z-scores. The factors associated with worse nutritional outcomes were symptomatic exposure to the Zika virus, low maternal schooling, absence of maternal income and consumption of infant formula (po0.05). Calcification and severe microcephaly were also associated with poor nutritional outcomes. Energy and macronutrient consumption remained below the recommendations and had an upward trend during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The presence of cerebral calcification, the severity of microcephaly and symptomatic maternal exposure to Zika virus affected the nutritional status of newborns. In terms of nutritional factors, human milk intake had a positive impact, reducing weight loss in the first days of life. Other known factors, such as income and maternal schooling, were still associated with a poor nutritional status

PODCAST COMO FERRAMENTA EDUCACIONAL NA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

In this work, the objective was to identify podcasts applied to education or that could be used for this purpose, that had the COVID-19 pandemic as a central theme or that encompassed the subject in their contents, in order to suggest the use of this tool as a methodology complement in the teaching-learning process. 36 podcasts were identified and evaluated according to the proposed taxonomy. Of these, 19 made up the final sample. It was observed that the contents covered different levels of education, which demonstrates potential application in the face of new educational challenges. Nevertheless, podcasts cross different areas of knowledge, allowing for more effective interdisciplinarity. It is thus understood that podcasts can be used at different times and with different teaching methodologies. In addition, the tool enables the inclusion of different peculiarities in the teaching-learning process and makes the pedagogical process plural.Neste trabalho, objetivou-se identificar podcasts aplicados à educação ou que pudessem ser utilizados com esta finalidade, que tivessem a pandemia da COVID-19 como temática central ou que englobassem o assunto em seus conteúdos, com vistas a sugerir o uso desta ferramenta como metodologia complementar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Foram identificados e avaliados 36 podcasts conforme a taxonomia proposta. Destes, 19 compuseram a amostra final. Observou-se que os conteúdos abrangiam diversos níveis de ensino, o que demonstra potencial aplicação frente aos novos desafios educacionais. Não obstante, os podcasts atravessam diferentes áreas do conhecimento permitindo uma interdisciplinaridade mais efetiva. Entende-se assim que os podcasts podem ser utilizados em diferentes momentos e com diferentes metodologias de ensino. Além disso, a ferramenta possibilita a inclusão de diferentes peculiaridades no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e torna o processo pedagógico plural

O perfil clínico-epidemiológico e o prognóstico Cardiovascular dos pacientes per-transplante do Hospital do Rim de um município no sudoeste da Bahia

Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil clinico-epidemiológico e prognostico cardiovascular dos pacientes per-transplante renal do Hospital do rim de Guanambi-Bahia. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo descritivo de corte transversal baseado na avaliação e coleta de dados dos prontuários de pacientes em diálise candidatos a transplante renal do Hospital do Rim de Guanambi - BA, no período de 11 de maio de 2011 até junho de 2022. Resultados: Dentre os resultados encontrados pré-transplante, a média de idade foi de 44 anos com predomínio pelo sexo masculino, com tempo médio de 5 anos de diálise. A comorbidade mais prevalente foi a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e, por conseguinte, a etiologia mais comum foi a Nefropatia Hipertensiva. Os exames laboratoriais evidenciaram uma doença renal crônica em estágio avançado, bem como a tríade aterogênica. Exames complementares, como Eletrocardiograma e Ecocardiograma apresentaram alterações ventriculares. Por fim, foi analisado o prognóstico com os dados encontrados dos pacientes que já realizaram o transplante renal, destes a maior prevalência é de doadores cadáveres e de pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial pós-transplante. Conclusões: O estudo busca descrever a importância da avaliação cardiovascular pré-operatória nos pacientes candidatos a transplante, oferecendo assim uma maior qualidade de vida, bem como uma redução na morbimortalidade do paciente dialítico, além de evitar uma perda do enxerto renal

Schinus terebinthifolius leaf extract causes midgut damage, interfering with survival and development of Aedes aegypti larvae

In this study, a leaf extract from Schinus terebinthifolius was evaluated for effects on survival, development, and midgut of A. aegypti fourth instar larvae (L4), as well as for toxic effect on Artemia salina. Leaf extract was obtained using 0.15 M NaCl and evaluated for phytochemical composition and lectin activity. Early L4 larvae were incubated with the extract (0.3–1.35%, w/v) for 8 days, in presence or absence of food. Polymeric proanthocyanidins, hydrolysable tannins, heterosid and aglycone flavonoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, traces of steroids, and lectin activity were detected in the extract, which killed the larvae at an LC50 of 0.62% (unfed larvae) and 1.03% (fed larvae). Further, the larvae incubated with the extract reacted by eliminating the gut content. No larvae reached the pupal stage in treatments at concentrations between 0.5% and 1.35%, while in the control (fed larvae), 61.7% of individuals emerged as adults. The extract (1.0%) promoted intense disorganization of larval midgut epithelium, including deformation and hypertrophy of cells, disruption of microvilli, and vacuolization of cytoplasms, affecting digestive, enteroendocrine, regenerative, and proliferating cells. In addition, cells with fragmented DNA were observed. Separation of extract components by solid phase extraction revealed that cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids are involved in larvicidal effect of the extract, being the first most efficient in a short time after larvae treatment. The lectin present in the extract was isolated, but did not show deleterious effects on larvae. The extract and cinnamic acid derivatives were toxic to A. salina nauplii, while the flavonoids showed low toxicity. S. terebinthifolius leaf extract caused damage to the midgut of A. aegypti larvae, interfering with survival and development. The larvicidal effect of the extract can be attributed to cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids. The data obtained using A. salina indicates that caution should be used when employing this extract as a larvicidal agent