12 research outputs found
A mixed-method analysis of women's intimate partner violence
This mixed-method study aims to elucidate the relevance of gender in women???s intimate partner
violence through an ecologically-informed analysis of individual differences in attachment and
personality and social contexts. Findings suggest that the Conflict Tactics Scales led to inflated
estimates of women???s violence through the misidentification of play as violence and through the
categorization of a range of behaviors, called mock-violence, that fall along a continuum from
playful to short of meaningfully violent. Study findings also support the position that gender
fundamentally shapes the contexts, meanings, and interpretations of women???s aggressive
behaviors and is thus central to any analysis of intimate partner violence. Together, these
findings lend support to arguments for re-visiting fundamental issues of problem definition and
measurement
Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years
Epigenetic Biomarkers as Predictors and Correlates of Symptom Improvement Following Psychotherapy in Combat Veterans with PTSD
Influences of Maternal and Paternal PTSD on Epigenetic Regulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene in Holocaust Survivor Offspring
Elevation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity in Holocaust survivor offspring: Evidence for an intergenerational effect of maternal trauma exposure
Maternal PTSD associates with greater glucocorticoid sensitivity in offspring of Holocaust survivors
Endocrine Aspects of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
The (not so) controversial role of DNA methylation in epigenetic inheritance across generations.
It has been demonstrated originally in plants that phenotypic traits,
such as floral symmetry, can be caused by changes of methylation
patterns of specific genes. Such traits can be transgenerationally
inherited for multiple generations and remain associated with cytosine
methylation patterns. Whether genomic methylation may also contribute to
epigenetic inheritance across generations in vertebrates and notably in
mammals is still more controversial. One reason for this tentativeness
is the dual occurrence of global genomic de-methylation first in
pre-implantation embryos and subsequently in primordial germ cells
(PGCs) of mammals. Although gene focused cases of epigenetic inheritance
associated with genomic DNA methylation have been well studied mostly
in rodents (such as imprinted genes and the Agouti viable yellow, Avy,
allele), it is still a matter of debate whether genomic DNA methylation
may provide a more general mechanism for the epigenetic inheritance of
acquired traits across generations. We review the current literature on
this topic with a focus on the potential role of DNA methylation for
epigenetic inheritance across generations in mammals