Utilidad de la PET-CT ¹⁸F-Colina en los pacientes con recidiva bioquímica de cáncer de próstata

El cáncer de próstata (CaP) es un tumor con elevada incidencia a nivel mundial,especialmente en los países desarrollados. El Antígeno Prostático Específico (PSA) es un marcador útil en la detección precoz del CaP y también una herramienta fundamental en su seguimiento tras tratamiento radical. Se considera recidiva bioquímica (RB) a dos elevaciones consecutivas de PSA >0,2ng/ml tras prostatectomía radical, o incrementos del PSA ³ 2ng/ml por encima del PSA nadir (definido como el valor de PSA más bajo alcanzado tras la radioterapia). Para distinguir si la recidiva es local, regional o a distancia se realizan pruebas de imagen como la tomografía computarizada (CT), la resonancia magnética (RM) y la gammagrafía ósea (GGO), siendo con frecuencia negativas o no concluyentes en la localización de la recidiva..

Alumina-zirconia coatings obtained by suspension plasma spraying from highly concentrated aqueous suspensions

[EN] Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) deposition represents an innovative technique to produce coatings that exhib- it improved properties. However, the key to obtain coatings with superior functional properties relies on the in- vestigation of the suspensions as starting materials. For this reason, the present work deals with the suspension preparation for SPS process and its influence on the resulting coatings. Laboratory-prepared 60/40 wt% alumina-zirconia suspensions were concentrated to avoid energy loss and were then successfully deposited by SPS technique. The liquid used was water instead of ethanol due to economical, environmental and safety reasons. The preparation of the suspension plays an important role in SPS process since stable and well-dispersed water suspensions are difficult to obtain. For this reason, colloidal behaviour characterisation of the starting particles as well as rheological optimisation of the feedstock suspensions was ad- dressed in this research. Suspensions with different solid loadings (up to 30 vol.% or 72 wt%) were deposited using several spraying dis- tances. All coatings displayed a bimodal microstructure consisting in partially melted zones surrounded by a fully melted matrix. α-Al2O3 and t′-ZrO2 constituted the main crystalline phases, but differences in the microstructure and properties of the coatings were observed. From these results, some relations between starting suspension and spraying parameters with coating characteristics were found. Thus the optimal spraying distance becomes shorter when the suspension solid loading increases.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO (project MAT2015-67586-C3-R). M.D. Salvador thanks CAPES – Programa Ciências sem Fronteiras (Brazil) for the concession of a PVE project N° A086/2013. A. Borrell acknowledges the MINECO for her Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación contract (IJCI-2014- 19839) and the Program to Support Research and Development (PAID00-15) of the Universitat Politècnica de València.Carpio-Cobo, P.; Salvador Moya, MD.; Borrell Tomás, MA.; Sanchez Vilches, E.; Moreno, R. (2016). Alumina-zirconia coatings obtained by suspension plasma spraying from highly concentrated aqueous suspensions. Surface and Coatings Technology. 307:713-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.09.060S71371930

Molten salt attack on multilayer and funcionally-graded YSZ coating

[EN] Thermal barrier coatings have been extensively studied in the last years in order to increase the operational temperature of the current gas turbines as well as to improve the coating lifetime. Many coating characteristics must be met to achieve these requirements (low thermal conductivity, high thermal fatigue resistance...); therefore, complex systems have been engineered for these purposes. One of the possibilities to optimise the different properties deals with the design of multilayer or functionally-graded coatings where various types of microstructures with different characteristics are combined. One of the most important cause of gas turbines degradation relates to the attack of different type of particles which are suspended in the atmosphere (sand, fly ash...). These solid particles are molten at the operational temperatures and then, the molten salts chemically react with the coating. For this reason, the present research was focused on this type of attack. In the present work, the molten salt attack of various YSZ coatings with multilayer and functionally-graded design was addressed. Two different type of microstructures were specifically combined for this design: the APS coating microstructure obtained from conventional (microstructured) powder and a bimodal structure with nanozones obtained from nanostructured feedstock. Besides, different salts were used to simulate different attack environments (desert sand and volcanic fly ash). Findings show that nanozones act as barrier against the penetration of molten salts toward deeper layer. However, a layer formed by nanozones can detach when the salt attack is too aggressive. Hence, functionally-graded coatings, where two types of microstructures are combined through the whole coating, become ideal to diminish the molten salt attack.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project MAT2015-67586-C3-R) as well as A. Borrell and L. Navarro thanks for their post-doc (RyC-2016-20915) and pre-doc (BES-2016-077792) contracts respectively. P. Carpio acknowledges the Valencia Government for his post-doc contract (APOSTD/2016/040).Carpio-Cobo, P.; Salvador Moya, MD.; Borrell Tomás, MA.; Navarro-López, L.; Sánchez, E. (2018). Molten salt attack on multilayer and funcionally-graded YSZ coating. Ceramics International. 44(11):12634-12641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.04.062S1263412641441

LA PARTICIPACIÓN EN POLÍTICA DE LA MUJER: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO

Más de un siglo después de haberse iniciado la lucha de las sufragistas por la superación de la desigualdadpolítica femenina, todavía hoy se siguen observando diferencias en las oportunidades de acceso de la mujera los puestos de poder político, a pesar de que a partir de mediados los años ochenta se introduce el sistemade cuotas en España, de la mano del Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE), para conseguir el aumentode la representación femenina y de la paridad. En este trabajo partimos de la hipótesis de que el sistema decuotas ha favorecido el acceso de las mujeres a las listas de los partidos pese a que siguen teniendodificultades para incorporarse a cargos legislativos. De este modo, con el objetivo de saber cuál es lapresencia de la mujer en ámbitos de toma de decisión en el presente artículo se analiza empíricamente larelación entre militancia y participación en órganos directivos y la relación entre militancia y acceso apuestos de representación observándose cómo el PSOE consigue un mayor equilibrio entre militancia,participación en órganos directivos y acceso a puestos de representación debido al uso del sistema decuotas. Del mismo modo, y desde la perspectiva cualitativa consideramos la opinión de mujeres políticas, através de grupos de discusión, que confirmaron nuestra hipótesis de partida, sobre todo para el caso de lospartidos progresistas. Así, algunas mujeres pueden ser candidatas, pero debido a la pésima posición queocupan en las listas llegar a diputadas es mucho más difícil

Impact of Feedstock Nature on Thermal Conductivity of YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings Obtained by Plasma Spraying

[EN] Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings with low thermal conductivity were obtained using three different particle size distributions as starting powder: nano-, submicron- and bimodal submicron/nano-sized particles. On the one hand, these particles were reconstituted into micrometric, spray-dry agglomerates, which were subsequently deposited by means of conventional atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). On the other hand, the starting particles were dispersed in water and the resultant suspensions were deposited by means of suspension plasma spraying (SPS). The coatings were thermally treated to assess their sintering resistance. As-sprayed and thermally treated coatings were then characterized in terms of microstructure (FEG-SEM) and thermal diffusivity (laser flash equipment). The results showed that SPS coatings exhibited extremely low thermal conductivity at low temperature which drastically augmented with increasing temperature. On the other hand, APS coatings also exhibited low thermal conductivities but their values were higher than those of the SPS coatings at the lowest temperature tested while the conductivities hardly varied with temperature.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project MAT2015-67586-C3-R) and Research Promotion Plan of the Universitat Jaume I, action 2.1 (ref. E-2011 - 05) and action 3.1 (ref. PREDOC/2009/10). A. Borrell acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for her Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion contract (IJCI-2014-19839). M. Miranda would like to thank the European Commission (FP7-Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship, BIOHYMAT).Carpio-Cobo, P.; Salvador Moya, MD.; Benavente Martínez, R.; Miranda, M.; Borrell Tomás, MA.; Sánchez, E. (2016). Impact of Feedstock Nature on Thermal Conductivity of YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings Obtained by Plasma Spraying. Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology. 7(3):307-312. https://doi.org/10.4416/JCST2016-00022S3073127

Dominant logics at the policy making and services organization that affect the access to comprehensive rehabilitation

Introduction: The health sector reform in Colombia, generated inequities in access to services, including rehabilitation; poor identification of population needs and low sectorial response to their problems. Metodology: An exploratory, descriptive-interpretative qualitative study was carried out. Individual semi-structured interviews and focus group were conducted to policy makers, providers, rehabilitation professionals, professors, social organizations, persons with disabilities and caregivers. Results: The absence of a rights approach, targeting and the model of health insurance, as dominant logics policy stands. There is a reductionist view of rehabilitation and services organization models with low response to the needs of people with disabilities. Conclusion: The need to reconceptualize access to services arises; rehabilitation is claimed as a right that demands redesign of services and organization models

New Tools for Embryo Selection: Comprehensive Chromosome Screening by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of comprehensive chromosome screening (CCS) using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The study included 1420 CCS cycles for recurrent miscarriage (n = 203); repetitive implantation failure (n = 188); severe male factor (n = 116); previous trisomic pregnancy (n = 33); and advanced maternal age (n = 880). CCS was performed in cycles with fresh oocytes and embryos (n = 774); mixed cycles with fresh and vitrified oocytes (n = 320); mixed cycles with fresh and vitrified day-2 embryos (n = 235); and mixed cycles with fresh and vitrified day-3 embryos (n = 91). Day-3 embryo biopsy was performed and analyzed by aCGH followed by day-5 embryo transfer. Consistent implantation (range: 40.5–54.2%) and pregnancy rates per transfer (range: 46.0–62.9%) were obtained for all the indications and independently of the origin of the oocytes or embryos. However, a lower delivery rate per cycle was achieved in women aged over 40 years (18.1%) due to the higher percentage of aneuploid embryos (85.3%) and lower number of cycles with at least one euploid embryo available per transfer (40.3%). We concluded that aneuploidy is one of the major factors which affect embryo implantation

Análisis cualitativo del concepto y praxis de rehabilitación integral percibido por distintos actores involucrados

Introducción. La rehabilitación integral es un concepto de difícil consenso, dado que es resultado de una evolución histórica. Objetivo. Presentar los hallazgos del estudio “Acceso a los servicios de rehabilitación integral en Colombia: una aproximación desde los conceptos y las prácticas de distintos actores sociales” y describir las comprensiones de la rehabilitación integral de parte de diversos actores desde una perspectiva comprensiva de la discapacidad. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, cualitativo y de múltiples fuentes de evidencia para identificar las percepciones de actores responsables de formular e implementar políticas públicas (FP), académicos (A), profesionales (P), representantes de organizaciones sociales (OS), gestores de servicios (GS), gestores y profesionales de servicios de educación inclusiva (EI), personas con discapacidad (PCD) y cuidadores (C), involucrados en la rehabilitación integral en una ciudad colombiana. Se realizaron entrevistas a 18 actores y se desarrollaron seis grupos focales. Para el análisis de datos, se usó el Atlas ti®, el acuerdo entre jueces y el análisis de las narrativas. Resultados. La rehabilitación integral es percibida de distintas maneras por los actores, entre las que priman tres concepciones de ella: como resultado de un proceso de rehabilitación funcional, como derecho y como garante de inclusión social. Conclusiones. Mientras exista diversidad y dispersión acerca de la rehabilitación integral, será difícil concebir, implementar, evaluar y participar activamente en dicho proceso. En consecuencia, las barreras de acceso a ella se incrementarán y estará lejos de entenderse como un derecho que se ejerce desde una visión integral de ser humano. Dicho esto, se enuncian implicaciones para la academia, los prestadores de servicios y las políticas públicas.Introduction: Comprehensive rehabilitation is a difficult concept since it is the result of historical evolution.Objective: To present the findings of the study “Access to comprehensive rehabilitation services in Colombia: an approach from the concepts and practices of different social actors”, and to describe the perception of comprehensive rehabilitation based on the opinions of different actors from a comprehensive perspective of disability.Material and methods: A descriptive and exploratory, qualitative study was conducted, taking into account multiple sources of evidence to identify the perceptions of actors responsible for formulating and implementing public policies (PP), academicians (A), professionals (P), representatives of social organizations (SO), service managers (SM), service managers and professionals in inclusive education (IE), persons with disabilities (PWD) and caregivers (C), involved in comprehensive rehabilitation in a Colombian city. 18 interviews with actors were conducted; six focus groups were developed. For data analysis, the Atlas ti® software, the agreement between judges and the analysis of narratives were considered.Results: Comprehensive rehabilitation is perceived differently by the actors, and three conceptions are relevant: it is a result of a functional rehabilitation process; it is a right, and it is also a guarantor of social inclusion.Conclusions: While there is diversity and dispersion in opinions on comprehensive rehabilitation, it will be difficult to conceive, implement, evaluate and actively participate in this process. Consequently, access barriers will increase and it will be far from understood as a right exercised from an integral vision of the human being. With this in mind, implications for academia, service providers and public policies are set

Osimertinib in advanced EGFR-T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients treated within the Special Use Medication Program in Spain : OSIREX-Spanish Lung Cancer Group

AURA study reported 61% objective response rate and progression-free survival of 9.6 months with osimertinib in patients with EGFR/T790M+ non-small cell lung cancer. Due to lack of real-world data, we proposed this study to describe the experience with osimertinib in Spain. Post-authorization, non-interventional Special Use Medication Program, multicenter, retrospective study in advanced EGFR/T790M+ non-small cell lung cancer. One hundred-fifty five patients were enrolled (August 2016-December 2018) from 30 sites. Primary objective: progression-free survival. Secondary objectives: toxicity profile, objective response rate, and use of health service resources. 70% women, median age 66. 63.9% were non-smokers and 99% had adenocarcinoma. Most patients had received at least one prior treatment (97%), 91.7% had received previous EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and 2.8% osimertinib as first-line treatment. At data cutoff, median follow-up was 11.8 months. One hundred-fifty five patients were evaluable for response, 1.3% complete response, 40.6% partial response, 31% stable disease and 11.6% disease progression. Objective response rate was 42%. Median progression-free survival was 9.4 months. Of the 155 patients who received treatment, 76 (49%) did not reported any adverse event, 51% presented some adverse event, most of which were grade 1 or 2. The resource cost study indicates early use is warranted. This study to assess the real-world clinical impact of osimertinib showed high drug activity in pretreated advanced EGFR/T790M+ non-small cell lung cancer, with manageable adverse events. Clinical trial registration number : NCT03790397

A pan-European epidemiological study reveals honey bee colony survival depends on beekeeper education and disease control

Reports of honey bee population decline has spurred many national efforts to understand the extent of the problem and to identify causative or associated factors. However, our collective understanding of the factors has been hampered by a lack of joined up trans-national effort. Moreover, the impacts of beekeeper knowledge and beekeeping management practices have often been overlooked, despite honey bees being a managed pollinator. Here, we established a standardised active monitoring network for 5 798 apiaries over two consecutive years to quantify honey bee colony mortality across 17 European countries. Our data demonstrate that overwinter losses ranged between 2% and 32%, and that high summer losses were likely to follow high winter losses. Multivariate Poisson regression models revealed that hobbyist beekeepers with small apiaries and little experience in beekeeping had double the winter mortality rate when compared to professional beekeepers. Furthermore, honey bees kept by professional beekeepers never showed signs of disease, unlike apiaries from hobbyist beekeepers that had symptoms of bacterial infection and heavy Varroa infestation. Our data highlight beekeeper background and apicultural practices as major drivers of honey bee colony losses. The benefits of conducting trans-national monitoring schemes and improving beekeeper training are discussed