49 research outputs found
Farmers’ selection cues in cowpea for vegetable use in eastern Uganda
A participatory cowpea varietal selection was carried out in Eastern Uganda in Kumi district among farmers (n=30) in the sub-Counties of: Ongino, Kumi and Kanyum. A range of opinions were collected to identify farmers’ selection criteria based on different sensory attributes and their most preferred genotypes for vegetable use. A preference analysis was carried out to obtain quantitative preference scores of each plot. This was followed by organoleptic tests which included attributes like taste, aroma and texture of the genotypes at the vegetative and immature R4 stages. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were also held to find consensus of the independent evaluations made by individual farmers. Data for sixteen (16) cowpea genotypes were collected at the different above mentioned stages. Quantitative data were analyzed based on farmers’ scores made on the different evaluated attributes and ANOVA was used to provide mean differences between location, gender and genotype at a significant level of 5%. Preference score for each of the varieties tested was determined and presented. Data from FGDs were grouped, similarities and differences were later determined depending on their level of importance to the farmers. Significant differences (p<0.05) in farmer choices were observed for leaf taste, immature pod aroma, taste and texture; mature pod aroma, taste between farmer groups, age genotype and gender. Irrespective of age, gender, farmer group and genotype, farmers seemed to give more importance to the smooth texture, little hard leaves when chewing, sweet taste with a mild aroma (leaves) and a moderate aroma (pods). Majority (9%) of the farmers preferred Ebelat (landrace) at V4 stage; this was followed by Danila (8.7%). On the other hand, UCUCOW1 (13% at immature and 10.2% at mature cooked R4 stage) followed by Ebelat (9% and 9.8% for immature and mature R4 stage, respectively) were preferred by majority of the farmers. In terms of sensory attributes, farmers preferred genotypes with sweet taste, moderate aroma and tender texture. The information is a baseline for understanding key farmer selection criteria in utilization of cowpea as a vegetable which can be used in generating a demand-led variety design for the crop. 
Farmers’ selection cues in cowpea for vegetable use in eastern Uganda
This is a research article on participatory cowpea varietal selection was carried out in Eastern Uganda in Kumi district among farmersA participatory cowpea varietal selection was carried out in Eastern Uganda in the Kumi district among farmers (n=30) in the sub-Counties of Ongino, Kumi and Kanyum. An arange of opinions were collected to identify farmers’ selection criteria based on different sensory attributes and their most preferred genotypes for vegetable use. A Apreference analysis was carried out to obtain quantitative preference scores of each plot. This was followed by organoleptic tests which included attributes like taste, aroma and texture of the genotypes at the vegetative and immature R4 stages. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were also held to find a consensus of the independent evaluations made by individual farmers. Data for sixteen (16) cowpea genotypes were collected at the different above-mentioned stages. Quantitative data were analyzed based on farmers’ scores made on the different evaluated attributes and ANOVA was used to provide mean differences between location, gender and genotype at a significant level
of 5%. The preference score for each of the varieties tested was determined and presented.
Data from FGDs were grouped, similarities and differences were later determined
depending on their level of importance to the farmers. Significant differences (p<0.05) in farmer choices were observed for leaf taste, immature pod aroma, taste and texture; mature pod aroma, taste between farmer groups, age genotype and gender. Irrespective of age, gender, farmer group and genotype, farmers seemed to give more importance to the smooth texture, little hard leaves when chewing, sweet taste with a mild aroma (leaves) and a moderate aroma (pods). Majority (9%) of the farmers preferred Ebelat (landrace) at V4 stage; this was followed by Danila (8.7%). On the other hand,
UCUCOW1 (13% at immature and 10.2% at mature cooked R4 stage) followed by
Ebelat (9% and 9.8% for immature and mature R4 stage, respectively) were preferred by the majority of the farmers. In terms of sensory attributes, farmers preferred genotypes with a sweet taste, moderate aroma and tender texture. The information is a baseline for understanding key farmer selection criteria in the utilization of cowpea as a vegetable which can be used in generating a demand-led variety design for the crop
Prevalence of viruses infecting cowpea in Uganda and their molecular detection
The main areas for cowpea cultivation in Uganda were surveyed in June and October 2006 for viruses affecting the crop. Seed and leaf samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected from farmers’ fields and analysed for infecting viruses using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The viruses detected in the leaf and seed samples were: cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), cowpea mild mottle calarvirus (CPMMV), cowpea mottle carmovirus (CPMoV), Cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus (CCMV), Cowpea yellow mosaic comovirus (CYMV), cowpea severe mosaic comovirus (CPSMV), cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (CABMV) and Southern bean mosaic sobemovirus (SBMV). CPMV was detected only in leaf samples. CMV and CABMV were later confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of the viruses detected in leaf samples, 53.26% occurred as single infections, 24.46% dual and 22.28% multiple infections. Similarly, analysis of seed samples revealed infection of 40.6, 34.6 and 24.8% for single, dual and multiple infections, respectively. Multiple virus infections were associated with more disease severity and higher yield losses. The seed transmission levels of 23.0, 20.3 and 16.4% were recorded for CMV, CPMMV and CABMV, respectively. This study identified six more viruses in addition to what was previously reported in the country, of which eight were seed-borne. This necessitates the need for the production and use of virus-free seeds, development of virus resistant genotypes and adoption of efficient seed certification systems.Keywords: Vigna unguiculata, disease incidence, seed-borne viruses, ELISA, (RT-PCR
ADAPTATION OF INTRODUCED MUNGBEAN GENOTYPES IN UGANDA
Mungbean ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is an important source of
nutrients and income for smallholder farmers in East Africa. Mungbean
production in countries like Uganda largely depends on landraces, in
the absence of improved varieties. In order to enhance productivity,
efforts have been underway to develop and evaluate mungbean varieties
that meet farmers\u2019 needs in various parts of the country. This
study was conducted at six locations in Uganda, to determine the
adaptability of introduced mungbean genotypes, and identify mungbean
production mega-environments in Uganda. Eleven genotypes (Filsan,
Sunshine, Blackgram, Mauritius1, VC6148 (50-12), VC6173
(B-10),Yellowmungo, KPS1, VC6137(B-14),VC6372(45-60),VC6153(B-20P) and
one local check were evaluated in six locations during 2013 and 2014.
The locations were; National Semi Arid Resources Research Institute
(NaSARRI), Abi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute
(AbiZARDI),Kaberamaido variety trial center, Kumi variety trial center,
Nabuin Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute
(NabuinZARDI), and Ngetta Zonal Agricultural Research and Development
Institute (NgettaZARDI). G
7 E interactions were significant for
grain yield. Through GGEBiplot analysis, three introduced genotypes
(Filsan, Blackgram and Sunshine) were found to be stable and high
yielding, and therefore, were recommended for release. The six test
multi-locations were grouped into two candidate mega-environments for
mungbean production (one comprising of AbiZARDI and Kaberamaido and the
other comprising of NaSARRI, NabuinZARDI, Kumi, and NgettaZARDI).
National Semi Arid Resources Research Institute (NaSARRI) was the most
suitable environment in terms of both discriminative ability and
representativeness and therefore can be used for selection of widely
adaptable genotypes.La f\ue8ve ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) est une importante source
de nutriments et de revenu pour les paysans en Afrique de l\u2019Est.
La production de la f\ue8ve dans des pays comme Ouganda d\ue9pend
largement des vari\ue9t\ue9s locales, \ue0 d\ue9faut des
vari\ue9t\ue9s am\ue9lior\ue9es. Dans le but d\u2019accroitre
la productivit\ue9, des efforts ont \ue9t\ue9 fournis pour
d\ue9velopper et \ue9valuer les vari\ue9t\ue9s de f\ue8ves
pouvant satisfaire les besoins des producteurs dans diff\ue9rents
coins du pays. La pr\ue9sente \ue9tude a \ue9t\ue9 conduite
dans six emplacements en Ouganda, en vue de d\ue9terminer
l\u2019adaptabilit\ue9 de vari\ue9t\ue9s introduites de
f\ue8ves et identifier les zones majeures de production de
f\ue8ves. Onze vari\ue9t\ue9s introduites (Filsan, Sunshine,
Blackgram, Mauritius1, VC6148 (50-12), VC6173 (B-10),Yellowmungo, KPS1,
VC6137(B-14),VC6372(45-60),VC6153(B-20P) et une vari\ue9t\ue9
locale utilis\ue9e ici comme t\ue9moin, ont \ue9t\ue9
\ue9valu\ue9es dans six emplacements au cours des ann\ue9es 2013
et 2014. Les emplacements \ue9taient\ua0: l\u2019Institut
Nationale de Recherche sur les Ressources Semi-Aride (NaSARRI),
l\u2019Institut Zonale de Recherche Agricole et D\ue9veloppement de
Abi (AbiZARDI), le centre d\u2019exp\ue9rimentation des
vari\ue9t\ue9s de Kaberamaido, le centre
d\u2019exp\ue9rimentation des vari\ue9t\ue9s de Kumi,
l\u2019Institut Zonale de Recherche Agricole et D\ue9veloppement de
Nabuin (NabuinZARDI) et l\u2019Institut Zonale de Recherche Agricole
et D\ue9veloppement de Ngetta (NgettaZARDI). L\u2019interaction
g\ue9notypes et environement G
7 E \ue9tait significatif pour
le rendement en grain. Une analyse se servant de biplot, a
r\ue9v\ue9l\ue9 trois stables vari\ue9t\ue9es introduites
(Filsan, Blackgram and Sunshine), ayant des rendements
\ue9lev\ue9s. Ces trois vari\ue9t\ue9es sont donc
recommend\ue9es pour \ueatre lanc\ue9es. Les six emplacements
utilizes dans cette \ue9tude peuvent \ueatre group\ue9s en deux
grandes zones proprices \ue0 la production de la f\ue8ve (la
premi\ue8re zone est constitu\ue9e de AbiZARDI et Kaberamaido,
tandis que la seconde est faite de NaSARRI, NabuinZARDI, Kumi et
NgettaZARDI). NaSARRI s\u2019est r\ue9v\ue9l\ue9
l\u2019emplacement le plus propice, en ce sens que cet emplacement
\ue9tait le plus discriminant et le plus repr\ue9sentatif, et de ce
fait peut \ueatre utilis\ue9 pour s\ue9lectionner des
vari\ue9t\ue9es \ue0 large adaptation
PARTICIPATORY SELECTION OF MUNGBEAN GENOTYPES IN UGANDA
Production and utilisation of mungbean ( Vigna radiata ) in Uganda is
constrained by unavailability of improved and farmer-preferred
varieties. The objective of this study was to document and assess
farmers\u2019 preference for mungbean using eleven introduced
genotypes. We captured twenty five traits during farmer interviews out
of which six traits were identified (through group discussions) as the
most often used by farmers when selecting the best mungbean genotypes.
The traits were; yield, overall performance, seed size, seed colour,
marketability and early maturity. Nine out of eleven introduced
genotypes were selected during on-farm trials using the six traits. The
selected genotypes were; Filsan, Mauritius, Sunshine, VC6137B14,
VC61485012, VC6153B20, KPS1, VC6173B10 and VC63724560. The selected
genotypes were early maturing (60-70 days), with large green or
greenish yellow seeds. However, two late maturing (80-90 days) and
small seeded genotypes; Blackgram and Yellowgram were rejected by
farmers despite yielding higher (1459 and 1035 kg ha-1, respectively)
than other genotypes. This study showed that farmers use a combination
of traits when choosing a mungbean genotype for adoption and these
should be considered in mungbean improvement. Chi square tests of
independence showed that there were no significant differences in
genotype choices based on gender (\u3c72 = 2.5419, P-value = 0.97).
However, there were significant genotype preference differences between
eastern and northern regions (\u3c72 = 22.34, P< 0.01). It is
possible to develop new genotypes that are acceptable to both men and
women since they have no specific trait preferences.La production d\u2019haricot mungo ( Vigna radiata ) en Uganda est
faible \ue0 cause du manque de vari\ue9t\ue9s
am\ue9lior\ue9es. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait
d\u2019\ue9valuer les pr\ue9f\ue9rences des producteurs sur les
g\ue9notypes introduits du haricot mungo. Vingt cinq traits
\ue9taient utilis\ue9s pendant les interviews; toutefois,
l\u2019\ue9valuation de l\u2019importance de ces traits
n\u2019\ue9tait pas efficace puisqu\u2019il y avait une faible
discrimination parmi les personnes interrog\ue9es. De plus,
l\u2019implication des producteurs dans les groupes de discussion a
g\ue9n\ue9r\ue9 six traits (le rendement, la performance
g\ue9n\ue9rale, la taille de la graine, la couleur de la graine, le
potentiel commercial et la pr\ue9cocit\ue9 de la maturit\ue9)
qu\u2019ils ont souvent utilis\ue9s dans l\u2019\ue9valuation des
g\ue9notypes du haricot mungo. Durant les essais dans les champs, les
producteurs ont pr\ue9f\ue9r\ue9 neuf des genotypes introduits;
\ue0 savoir, Filsan, Mauritius, Sunshine, VC6137B14, VC61485012,
VC6153B20, KPS1, VC6173B10 et VC63724560. Les g\ue9notypes
s\ue9lectionn\ue9s \ue9taient de maturit\ue9 pr\ue9coce (60 -
70 jours); avec de grosses vertes ou verd\ue2tre graines.
N\ue9anmoins, deux g\ue9notypes (gramnoir et gramjaune)
\ue9taient rejet\ue9s par les producteurs malgr\ue9 leur haut
rendement (1459 et 1035 kgha-1; respectivement) compar\ue9s aux
autres g\ue9notypes. Gramnoir et gramjaune \ue9taient de
maturit\ue9 tardive (80-90 jours); de plus petites graines noires et
jaunes respectivement. Cette \ue9tude a montr\ue9 que, bien que le
rendement soit un trait important, il ne constitute pas le seul
crit\ue8re que les producteurs utilisent quand ils sont entrain de
s\ue9lectionner les g\ue9notypes pour adoption. Les tests
d\u2019ind\ue9pendance de Chi-carr\ue9 n\u2019ont
r\ue9v\ue9l\ue9 aucune diff\ue9rence significative dans le
choix des g\ue9notypes bas\ue9 sur le genre (\uf72 =2,5419,
P-value=0,97). N\ue9anmoins, il y avait eu de differences
significatives entre les r\ue9gions de l\u2019Est et du Nord du pays
sur les pr\ue9f\ue9rences des g\ue9notypes (\u3c72= 22,34,
P<0,01). Il est possible de d\ue9velopper de nouveaux
g\ue9notypes qui sont acceptables chez les hommes et les femmes car
ils n\'ont pas de pr\ue9f\ue9rences de traits sp\ue9cifiques
Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis
Background
Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis.
Methods
A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis).
Results
Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent).
Conclusion
Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified