Aplicação da termografia infravermelha para análise da temperatura corporal na atividade de reboco de teto

Este estudo tem como objetivo principal aplicar a termografia infravermelha em grupamentos musculares mais exigidos dos trabalhadores do setor da construção civil. Visando a identificação de fatores negativos como desconforto térmico e queixas osteomusculares. Para tanto, optou-se pelo processo de reboco de teto, tal atividade foi avaliada por meio de simulação com três colaboradores em um ambiente controlado. A fim de obter a coletas de dados utilizou-se uma câmera infravermelha, um termômetro auricular, um medidor de stress térmico e aplicação de um Questionário Bipolar. A pesquisa mostrou que o uso da termografia superficial como ferramenta complementar, apresenta-se como um método eficiente para implantação em um programa ergonômico. Notou-se que existem poucos estudos na literatura sobre o uso da termografia para monitorar a temperatura dos trabalhadores na construção civil. Assim, este estudo pode servir de base para a aplicação da termografia em outros processos do setor construção, com o intuito de prevenção de lesões musculoesqueléticas

DETERMINACIÓN DEL POTENCIAL ECONÓMICO DEL BOSQUE EN UNA FINCA TIPO EN EL DISTRITO DE HORQUETA, REGIÓN ORIENTAL DEL PARAGUAY

Con la finalidad de apoyar el proceso de Reglamentación de la Ley 3001/06 "De valoración y retribución de servicios ambientales" se estimó el potencial económico del bosque en una finca ubicada en el distrito de Horqueta, Región Oriental del Paraguay, de acuerdo al marco legal actual sobre valoración y retribución de servicios ambientales del país, utilizando la metodología propuesta en el estudio de "Valoración Económica de Ecosistema Forestales de la Región Oriental del Paraguay", donde se estimó el monto a ser retribuido al propietario que dio cumplimiento a la Ley 422/73 y a las resoluciones parciales reglamentadas de la Ley 3001/06. La metodología aplicada consistió en estimar el costo de oportunidad de la tierra de la finca por medio del cálculo del Ingreso Neto por hectárea del rubro ganadero, correspondiente a los tres últimos años, mediante datos proveídos y los cálculos de depreciaciones, lo cual arrojo un Ingreso Neto promedio de 2.194.260 Guaraníes/hectárea/año de los años 2006 al 2008. Dicho resultado multiplicado por la sumatoria del coeficiente de producción para riesgo e incertidumbre de la inversión de 0,5, más el coeficiente geográfico (22%) y el coeficiente biológico (15%) estimados mediante una matriz de valorización propuesta en la metodología; todos estos datos obtenidos fueron ingresados a la fórmula propuesta que arrojaron como resultado que el monto a ser retribuido según esta metodología es de 1.909.006 Guaraníes/hectárea/año, aplicada en este caso en una finca ganadera ubicada en la ecorregion denominada Selva Central.

Enzymatic and Molecular Identification of Meloidogyne Species in Tomato Orchards in Paraguay

Tomato is a major crop in Paraguay, where it provides a source of employment and income for households. Tomato production can be affected by root-knot nematodes, especially Meloidogyne spp. The unequivocal identification of Meloidogyne spp. in Paraguay has not been conducted yet. This study aims to identify Meloidogyne species in eight tomato production districts of this country by biochemical and molecular techniques. Females of Meloidogyne spp. were extracted from tomato roots and characterized using esterase isozyme phenotypes. In addition, DNA was extracted from nematode eggs, and species-specific SCARs (sequence-characterized amplified regions) were used to confirm the diagnosis. Nematodes were detected in 100% of studied samples (prevalence), of which M. incognita (Est: I2, Rm: 1.1;1.2) and M. javanica (Est: J3, Rm: 1.0, 1.20, 1.35) were present in 39.13% and 26.08% of samples, respectively. One population (8.69%) of Meloidogyne sp. presenting an atypical esterase profile (Rm: 1.0 and 1.3) was only detected in Julián Augusto Saldívar District. Mixed populations, mostly M. incognita and M. javanica, were observed in 26.08% of samples. The SCAR primers incK14F/incK14R amplified specific fragments for M. incognita (399 bp) and M. javanica (670 bp), confirming the enzymatic results. Here, we present the first study of root-knot nematode identification at the species level in Paraguay

Estrés, ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes secundarios de la ciudad de Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Departamento de San Pedro, 2016

Introducción: En este estudio interesa investigar los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión que tiene una población de estudiantes secundarios. Creemos importante estudiar esta temática, en particular porque al tratarse de preuniversitarios debe darse especial énfasis a la detección e intervención precoz sobre situaciones que podrían afectar su desarrollo personal, académico, familiar y social. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, con corte transversal y muestreo no probabilístico a criterio, realizado en estudiantes de educación media del Colegio Nacional “Santa Rosa”, del Departamento de San Pedro. Para medir estrés, ansiedad y depresión, se utilizó el DASS-21, que consta de 21 ítems. Resultados: Se evidenció la existencia de al menos cierto nivel del estrés en el 43,5% de los estudiantes entrevistados, siendo de nivel extremo en 8,7% de los participantes. Se reportó algún grado de ansiedad en por lo menos el 71,7%, y algún grado de depresión en al menos 52,2% de los participantes. Discusión: Si bien los niveles de estrés encontrados en la presente investigación son menores a los reportados en la bibliografía, los valores de ansiedad y depresión superan los reportados por otros estudios en población similar. La investigación sobre los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes preuniversitarios es un tema actual e innovador, que busca encontrar soluciones efectivas para hacer frente a estas condiciones que repercuten negativamente en la vida de los estudiantes

Iluminación y confort en las aulas y laboratorios de carreras técnicas de grado universitario

El presente trabajo, analiza el grado de iluminación y confort, de laboratorios y aulas de carreras técnicas universitarias, de acuerdo al marco reglamentario nacional del factor de iluminación en espacios de trabajo, considerando a la actividad educativa incluida. Utilizando el protocolo aprobado por la Superintendencia de riesgos de trabajo, para la medición del factor de iluminación, tomando además las variaciones de temperatura y el factor del viento, como componentes del factor confort, necesario para una adecuada transmisión y adquisición de los contenidos didácticos

Phylogenetic diversity of koala retrovirus within a wild koala population

Koala populations are in serious decline across many areas of mainland Australia, with infectious disease a contributing factor. Koala retrovirus (KoRV) is a gammaretrovirus present in most wild koala populations and captive colonies. Five subtypes of KoRV (A to E) have been identified based on amino acid sequence divergence in a hypervariable region of the receptor binding domain of the envelope protein. However, analysis of viral genetic diversity has been conducted primarily on KoRV in captive koalas housed in zoos in Japan, the United States, and Germany. Wild koalas within Australia have not been comparably assessed. Here we report a detailed analysis of KoRV genetic diversity in samples collected from 18 wild koalas from southeast Queensland. By employing deep sequencing we identified 108 novel KoRV envelope sequences and determined their phylogenetic diversity. Genetic diversity in KoRV was abundant and fell into three major groups; two comprised the previously identified subtypes A and B, while the third contained the remaining hypervariable region subtypes (C, D, and E) as well as four hypervariable region subtypes that we newly define here (F, G, H, and I). In addition to the ubiquitous presence of KoRV-A, which may represent an exclusively endogenous variant, subtypes B, D, and F were found to be at high prevalence, while subtypes G, H, and I were present in a smaller number of animals

Mosquitoes infected with dengue viruses in Brazil

Dengue epidemics have been reported in Brazil since 1985. The scenery has worsened in the last decade because several serotypes are circulating and producing a hyper-endemic situation, with an increase of DHF/DSS cases as well as the number of fatalities. Herein, we report dengue virus surveillance in mosquitoes using a Flavivirus genus-specific RT-Hemi-Nested-PCR assay. The mosquitoes (Culicidae, n = 1700) collected in the Northeast, Southeast and South of Brazil, between 1999 and 2005, were grouped into 154 pools. Putative genomes of DENV-1, -2 and -3 were detected in 6 mosquito pools (3.8%). One amplicon of putative DENV-1 was detected in a pool of Haemagogus leucocelaenus suggesting that this virus could be involved in a sylvatic cycle. DENV-3 was found infecting 3 pools of larvae of Aedes albopictus and the nucleotide sequence of one of these viruses was identified as DENV-3 of genotype III, phylogenetically related to other DENV-3 isolated in Brazil. This is the first report of a nucleotide sequence of DENV-3 from larvae of Aedes albopictus

Astrocytes grown in Alvetex® 3 dimensional scaffolds retain a non-reactive phenotype

yesProtocols which permit the extraction of primary astrocytes from either embryonic or postnatal mice are well established however astrocytes in culture are different to those in the mature CNS. Three dimensional (3D) cultures, using a variety of scaffolds may enable better phenotypic properties to be developed in culture. We present data from embryonic (E15) and postnatal (P4) murine primary cortical astrocytes grown on coated coverslips or a 3D polystyrene scaffold, Alvetex. Growth of both embryonic and postnatal primary astrocytes in the 3D scaffold changed astrocyte morphology to a mature, protoplasmic phenotype. Embryonic-derived astrocytes in 3D expressed markers of mature astrocytes, namely the glutamate transporter GLT-1 with low levels of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, NG2 and SMC3. Embroynic astrocytes derived in 3D show lower levels of markers of reactive astrocytes, namely GFAP and mRNA levels of LCN2, PTX3, Serpina3n and Cx43. Postnatal-derived astrocytes show few protein changes between 2D and 3D conditions. Our data shows that Alvetex is a suitable scaffold for growth of astrocytes, and with appropriate choice of cells allows the maintenance of astrocytes with the properties of mature cells and a non-reactive phenotype.BBSR

Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules protect motor neurons from astrocyte-induced toxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Astrocytes isolated from individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are toxic to motor neurons (MNs) and play a non–cell autonomous role in disease pathogenesis. The mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of MNs to cell death remain unclear. Here we report that astrocytes derived from either mice bearing mutations in genes associated with ALS or human subjects with ALS reduce the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecules on MNs; reduced MHCI expression makes these MNs susceptible to astrocyte-induced cell death. Increasing MHCI expression on MNs increases survival and motor performance in a mouse model of ALS and protects MNs against astrocyte toxicity. Overexpression of a single MHCI molecule, HLA-F, protects human MNs from ALS astrocyte–mediated toxicity, whereas knockdown of its receptor, the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR3DL2, on human astrocytes results in enhanced MN death. Thus, our data indicate that, in ALS, loss of MHCI expression on MNs renders them more vulnerable to astrocyte-mediated toxicity