Design and Implementation of Recommendation Engine Based Suggestions for E-Tourism Application

Tourism is a largest service industry in India. When a user�s are interested in visiting the places, he searches the information about particular places in the internet. So to get appropriate information about a particular spot, the websites shows same data to all the users. So searching for the particular place and getting amount of information which is out of interest of user which is waste of time. Tourism is effective and efficient when the data which is provided should be according to what user demanding or expecting, instead of providing a huge amount of information. Service provided which should fulfill user demands

Genome-wide Identification of Mammalian Defensins and Functional Analysis of a Novel Defensin-related Peptide

The purpose of this study was to identify novel antimicrobial defensins encoded in the genomes of evolutionarily diverse species such as dog, rat, mouse, human and chimpanzee. Our hypothesis was that identification of novel genes will help us to understand the evolution of this important gene family and provide novel antimicrobial candidates. Genome-wide computational searches of various mammals were conducted to identify the defensin genes using known defensins as query. Further, a novel defensin-related sequence named rattusin with a unique cysteine-spacing pattern was synthesized and evaluated for its antibacterial activity to test the hypothesis that it possesses a unique antibacterial activity. Its precursor peptide was also produced recombinantly and tested against pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the gene expression of rattusin was studied across the entire gastrointestinal tract.Findings and Conclusions: A large number of defensins were found. α-defensin genes were present only in primates and glires, whereas β-defensins genes were identified in all species studied. Computational mapping revealed that all α- and β-defensin genes were clustered on syntenic chromosomes across all species with 4 clusters in each species, except that humans have 5 clusters. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis revealed that α-defensin were subjected to rapid evolution and diversification. α-defensin genes were primarily expressed in bone marrow and small intestine, whereas β-defensin genes were mainly expressed in the male reproductive tract. A novel α-defensin-related gene rattusin was identified in rat. This gene displayed a preferential expression in the distal small intestine. Precursor of rattusin did not exhibit significant antibacterial activity, but the C-terminal putatively mature antibacterial peptide showed potent, broad spectrum, salt insensitive antibacterial activity in contrast to cryptdin-4 and human defensin-5. Rattusin also maintained antibacterial activity in the presence of divalent cation, Mg++. Rattusin showed no cytotoxicity to intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, rattusin represents a potential antimicrobial drug to treat infections.Department of Animal Scienc

Analysis of Real Time Video Communication Systems

The most of the existing real time video communication systems mainly focus their work on providing better video quality throughout session. In quest of maintaining video quality they succeed in doing so at the cost of broken sessions, blocky video or sound disturbances when network bandwidth drops below required rate. The system described in this paper mainly concentrates on analysis of input parameters to audio and video encoder which affects the quality of communication. The input parameters to video encoder are altered such that a balance is maintained between video quality and continuity in communication. The input parameters to video encoderused for analysis are video frame size, and frames per second and target encode bitrate used for encoding video frame. The input parameters for audio encoder used for analysis are sampling frequency, bits per sample and no of audio channels used for recording sound. The input parameters to video encoderare changed frequently depending upon various factors such as bandwidth variations, and encodetime required on hardware used. In extreme low bandwidth situation the video is stopped. The communication should always keep alive throughout the session by keeping audio session connected always, so that users should not feel disconnected. The other important factors required for real time video communication to work smoothly are transport protocols used to carry media data and control data across peers. The protocols discussed in this paper are Real Time Protocol (RTP) and Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP). The media data generated at peers is transported using RTP and the control data describing the media data is transported using RTCP. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15083

Performance, Efficiency, and Emissions Characterization of Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines Fueled with Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends

Hydrogen is an attractive fuel source not only because it is abundant and renewable but also because it produces almost zero regulated emissions. Internal combustion engines fueled by compressed natural gas (CNG) are operated throughout a variety of industries in a number of mobile and stationary applications. While CNG engines offer many advantages over conventional gasoline and diesel combustion engines, CNG engine performance can be substantially improved in the lean operating region. Lean operation has a number of benefits, the most notable of which is reduced emissions. However, the extremely low flame propagation velocities of CNG greatly restrict the lean operating limits of CNG engines. Hydrogen, however, has a high flame speed and a wide operating limit that extends into the lean region. The addition of hydrogen to a CNG engine makes it a viable and economical method to significantly extend the lean operating limit and thereby improve performance and reduce emissions. Drawbacks of hydrogen as a fuel source, however, include lower power density due to a lower heating value per unit volume as compared to CNG, and susceptibility to pre-ignition and engine knock due to wide flammability limits and low minimum ignition energy. Combining hydrogen with CNG, however, overcomes the drawbacks inherent in each fuel type. Objectives of the current study were to evaluate the feasibility of using blends of hydrogen and natural gas as a fuel for conventional natural gas engines. The experiment and data analysis included evaluation of engine performance, efficiency, and emissions along with detailed in-cylinder measurements of key physical parameters. This provided a detailed knowledge base of the impact of using hydrogen/natural gas blends. A four-stroke, 4.2 L, V-6 naturally aspirated natural gas engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer was used to measure the impact of hydrogen/natural gas blends on performance, thermodynamic efficiency and exhaust gas emissions in a reciprocating four stroke cycle engine. The test matrix varied engine load and air-to-fuel ratio at throttle openings of 50% and 100% at equivalence ratios of 1.00 and 0.90 for hydrogen percentages of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume. In addition, tests were performed at 100% throttle opening, with an equivalence ratio of 0.98 and a hydrogen blend of 20% to further investigate CO emission variations. Data analysis indicated that the use of hydrogen/natural gas fuel blend penalizes the engine operation with a 1.5 to 2.0% decrease in torque, but provided up to a 36% reduction in CO, a 30% reduction in NOX, and a 5% increase in brake thermal efficiency. These results concur with previous results published in the open literature. Further reduction in emissions can be obtained by retarding the ignition timing

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 4-substituted thiazol-2-yl hydrazine derivatives of 1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbaldehyde

The manuscript reports synthesis and antimicrobial activity of several novel heterocyclic compounds in which 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole synthesized via click chemistry approach and 4-aryl (5a-h) and 4-piperazinyl amide (7a-e) or 4-aryl amide (8a-e) substituted thiazole rings, are bridged through hydrazine linkage. Structures of all the synthesized compounds have been elucidated using 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis. In vitro antimicrobial screening of the target compounds has been carried out against six bacterial species viz. E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, S. pyogenes, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus and four fungal species viz. C. albicans, T. viride, A. flavus and A. brasiliensis. The activity study revealed that many of the compounds possess moderate to good activity against the tested microorganisms. The active compounds have been further studied to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 4-substituted thiazol-2-yl hydrazine derivatives of 1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbaldehyde

716-723The manuscript reports synthesis and antimicrobial activity of several novel heterocyclic compounds in which 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole synthesized via click chemistry approach and 4-aryl (5a-h) and 4-piperazinyl amide (7a-e) or 4-aryl amide (8a-e) substituted thiazole rings, are bridged through hydrazine linkage. Structures of all the synthesized compounds have been elucidated using 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis. In vitro antimicrobial screening of the target compounds has been carried out against six bacterial species viz. E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, S. pyogenes, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus and four fungal species viz. C. albicans, T. viride, A. flavus and A. brasiliensis. The activity study revealed that many of the compounds possess moderate to good activity against the tested microorganisms. The active compounds have been further studied to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Magnetic field enhancement technique in the fluid flow gap of a single coil twin tube Magnetorheological damper using magnetic shields

Smart dampers in the automobile suspension system bring a precise balance between the ride comfort and stability through a controllable damping coefficient. Energy absorbed by a Magnetorheological (MR) damper is a dependent function of flux density in the fluid flow gap. In this paper, magnetic field enhancement technique in the form of a single cylindrical shield and sandwich cylindrical shield is incorporated in a twin tube single coil MR damper. The field strength in different configurations of MR damper having various type of shield configuration is computationally investigated. Further, the effect of shield thickness on field strength is investigated. A significant overall improvement in the magnetic field strength is observed in the MR damper configuration having copper alloy shield

Rattusin, an intestinal a-defensin-related peptide in rats with a unique cysteine spacing pattern and salt-insensitive antibacterial activities

Cationic antimicrobial peptides are essential components of the innate immune system. As a major family of mammalian antimicrobial peptides, defensins are expressed mainly by mucosal epithelial cells and promyelocytes. Despite the capacity to kill a broad spectrum of bacteria through physical disruption of membranes, most defensins show substantially reduced antibacterial activities in the presence of monovalent and divalent cations, thereby limiting their therapeutic potential, particularly for the treatment of systemic infections. Genome-wide computational screening of the rat genome led to the identification of the gene for a novel a-defensin-related peptide that we termed rattusin. Rattusin shares a highly conserved signal and prosequence with mammalian a-defensins, but instead of the canonical a-defensin six-cysteine motif, rattusin consists of five cysteines with a distinctive spacing pattern. Furthermore, rattusin is preferentially expressed in Paneth cells of the distal small intestine with potent antibacterial activity against a broad range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. The MICs were mostly in the range of 2 to 4 uM, with no appreciable toxicity to mammalian cells at up to 100 uM. In contrast to classical a- and B-defensins, rattusin retained its activity in the presence of physiological concentrations of NaCl and Mg2+, making it an attractive antimicrobial candidate for both topical and systemic applications.Peer reviewedAnimal Scienc