Incidence of Poverty among Fish Farming Households in Oyo and Osun States of Nigeria

The objective of the study is to analyse poverty among fish farming households based on functioning and capabilities in the study area. The study covered both Oyo and Osun states of Nigeria. Primary data were collected via structured questionnaire. The study employed multistage sampling technique. In all, a total of 280 respondents were used for the study. Information on dimensions of functioning, income and expenditure were derived from the data collected. Data were analysed using input distance function and Foster, Greer and Tobecke (FGT )1984 Poverty measure The study revealed that about 16% of fish farmers were non poor, 14% were moderately poor and 70% were core poor. Fish farmers in the study area did not enjoy moderate levels of standard of living (0.35).Moderate poverty incidence is highest in the households without formal education and lowest in the households with tertiary education. Household heads with age range of 31-40 years had highest moderate poverty incidence while those with age range of 41-50 years had highest core poverty incidence. Household heads that were divorced /separated had highest moderate poverty incidence while those that were married had highest core poverty incidence. Household heads that had no formal education had the highest poverty intensity of 60%. Household head with the age group of 41-50 years had the highest poverty intensity of 43%. Household heads with household size above ten members had the highest poverty intensity of 61%. Household heads that were married had the highest poverty intensity of 98%. Mean values for many constituents of standard of living reveals that the total durable asset dimension scores highest followed by education, housing condition and per capita income dimensions.Key words: Core poor, moderately poor, poverty incidence, poverty intensit

An analysis of agricultural solid waste management and its effect on government spending in Ibadan Metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria

The study examines the menace of agricultural solid waste management in Ibadan metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria. Respondents were randomly selected from 8 centres, one each from the 5 local government areas of the municipality, while a centre was chosen to cover 2 adjoining local government areas surrounding the centre of the city. One hundred and sixty respondents (160) were interviewed. The study made use of desentive statistics in analyzing the data. The study shows that adults (88%) interact with the solid waste in one, way or the other. It also shows that, females (66%) are more concerned with the problem of waste disposal and majority (63%) little or no formal education.They are mainly traders (64%) and their income (67%) is less than N3000.00 per month or less than N100 a day. This is far less than 1 dollar a day ($1 = N140). Most respondents (80%) believed that, agricultural solid wastes cause most problems to management, especially during harvest seasons. They also believe that about (18%) waste generated is mainly from maize husks and leaves, while rotten food materials and vegetables account for about 62% of the total. This shows that, agricultural wastes account for about 80 percent of wastes in Ibadan Municipality. The management outfit Ibadan waste management Authority does not recycle and only the Oyo State government operates a fertilizer plant in Bodija. The paper concludes that poverty is mainly the factor responsible for excessive interaction of the respondents with refuse dumps. The paper recommends reestablishment of recycle lands and fertilizer guifforts. It also recommendes the establishment of a virile sanitary inspectorate, private led initiative in waste management, increase funding especially in infrastructure which will lower the unit cost and attract private sector participation.Journal of Environmental Extension Vol 5 2005: 11-1

Fertilizer effect on yield and composition of shrubby stylo in the Nigerian derived savanna

Short Communication - no abstrac