Sentimentos e emoções de mães de prematuros de uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

Objetivo: Desvelar os sentimentos e emoções das mães que se deparam com filho prematuro internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, para compreender o sentido dessa vivência. Método: Estudo qualitativo sob a perspectiva fenomenológica fundamentada em Heidegger. Os sujeitos do estudo foram sete mães que experenciaram o ser mãe de uma criança hospitalizada, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Resultados: Os discursos foram analisados, por meio de três categorias analíticas: sonho de ser mãe em risco e o sentimento de frustração e culpa, sentimentos ambivalentes no pós-parto e a vivência de sofrimento pela condição de fragilidade do filho e a ressignificação da experiência e o sentimento de esperança e fé. Conclusão: Houve ambivalência afetiva de sentimentos e emoções das mães. O vivido das mães foram marcados por experiências, cujo sentido se expressaram pelo sonho de ser mãe em risco até à ressignificação desse sofrimento construído pelas expectativas em torno da recuperação

PRODUÇÃO DE BIOGÁS A PARTIR DE RESÍDUOS LIGNOCELULÓSICOS E DE MANIPUEIRA

 Biogas production in the state of Roraima, Brazil, is still insignificante. This is basically due to the low diffusion of knowledge regarding the potential for generating energy from biogas, as well as the few researches evaluate organic materials regarding the potential of biogás production. The organic materials udes were: swine manure (ES), gliricidia leaves (G) (Gliricidia Sepium), elephant grass (CE) (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and manipueira (M). With these materials the following treatments were defined: Treat 1: G + ES; Treat 2: ES; Treat 3: CE + ES + M; Treat 4: M + ES; Treat 5: CE + ES; and Treat 6: M. Biorectors of PVC with a diameter of 200mm and a height of 60 cm were built. A 20 mm pipe was inserted for supply with a register was installed at the base of the biorector to collect the materials. In the upper part, a 50 mm pipe was inserted for supply and a gas outlet for gas measurement. To supply the bioreactors, the organic materials gliricidia and elephant grass were collected in the agroecological space of the Nucleus of Study, Research, Extension in Agroecology (NEPEAGRO) of the IFRR - Novo Paraíso Campus. These materials were passed on a forage and then taken to set up the experiment. Swine manure was collected from the Campus pigsty and manipueira was purchased from local flour producers. To supply the bioreactors, 50% water + 25% organic material + 25% inoculant was used. The inoculant used was sheep manure. The digester was 60 cm high, where 40 cm were occupied with material and water and the 20 cm were left free to work with a gasometer. The gas measurement was measured using a glass jar (2 L) with two hoses attached to the lid. Gas measurement was performed by water displacement. The displaced water was collected in a 1000 ml beaker. It is important to highlight that the quantified volume considers all the gases produced during the biodigestion process. The following variables were determined: pH, dry matter and the volume of gas produced. The results obtained showed the production potential of plant materials when mixed with swine manure. The treatments that received elephant grass and glicidia were the ones that produced the most biogas.A produção de biogás no estado de Roraima ainda é insignificante. Isso se deve basicamente à baixa difusão do conhecimento em relação ao potencial de geração de energia a partir do biogás, bem como as poucas pesquisas desenvolvidas. Tentando preencher a lacuna de ausência de pesquisas na área de biogás, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar materiais orgânicos quanto ao potencial de produção de biogás. Os materiais orgânicos utilizados foram: esterco de suíno (ES), folhas de gliricídia (G) (Gliricidia Sepium), capim elefante (CE) (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) e manipueira (M). Com esses materiais os seguintes tratamentos foram definidos: Trat 1: G + ES; Trat 2: ES; Trat 3: CE + ES + M; Trat 4: M + ES; Trat 5: CE + ES e Trat 6: M. Foram construídos biorreatores PVC de 200 mm de diâmetro, altura de 60 cm. Na base do biorreator foi instalado um cano de 20 mm com um registro, para coleta dos materiais. Na parte superior foi inserido um cano de 50 mm para alimentação e uma saída de gás para medição do gás. Para o abastecimento dos biorreatores os materiais orgânicos gliricídia e capim elefantes foram coletados no espaço agroecológico do Núcleo de Estudo, Pesquisa, Extensão em Agroecologia (NEPEAGRO) do Campus Novo Paraíso. Esses materiais foram passados em uma forrageira e em seguida levados para a montagem do experimento. O esterco de suíno foi coletado da pocilga do Campus e a manipueira foi adquirida de produtores de farinha locais. Para o abastecimento dos biorreatores utilizou-se 50% água + 25% material orgânico + 25% de inoculante. O inoculante utilizado foi o esterco de ovino. O biodigestor tinha 60 cm de altura, onde 40 cm foram ocupados com o material e água e os 20 cm foram deixados livres para funcionar com gasômetro. A medição do gás foi medida utilizando um pote de vidro (2 L) com duas mangueiras fixadas na tampa. A medição do gás foi realizada por deslocamento da água. A água deslocada era coletada em uma proveta de 1000 ml. É importante destacar que o volume quantificado considera todos os gases produzidos durante o processo de biodigestão. Foram determinadas as seguintes variáveis: pH, matéria seca e o volume de gás produzido. Os resultados obtidos mostraram o potencial de produção dos materiais vegetais quando misturados com esterco de suíno. Os tratamentos que receberam capim elefante e gliricídia foram os que mais produziram biogás

Principais ferramentas de abordagem familiar para paciente índice com depressão / Main family approach tools for index patients with depression

Objetivo: Realizar abordagem familiar em três dos tipos de configurações familiares existentes com pacientes índices com depressão e exemplificar a aplicação de algumas ferramentas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo e de natureza investigativa exploratória, realizado com seis tipos de famílias. Os instrumentos utilizados foram questionário sociodemográfico, produzido pelos próprios autores e aplicado em visitas domiciliares, utilizando como critério depressão em pelo menos um membro de cada família e um roteiro de aplicação das ferramentas genograma, ecomapa e ciclo de vida. Resultados: A amostra apresentou três tipos de configurações familiares com duas famílias dos tipos nuclear, monoparental e extensiva. De acordo com as ferramentas utilizadas os resultados obtidos mostram que as trocas emocionais intrafamiliares, as ligações da família com o meio e a forma de cada família lidar com os ajustes da etapa de desenvolvimento em que se encontram influenciam no convívio uma vez que quando se encontra fragilizada a probabilidade de um desequilíbrio emocional e do surgimento de uma possível doença são mais prevalentes. Conclusão: As ferramentas utilizadas na abordagem familiar permitiram uma visão holística e detalhada das famílias entrevistadas e melhor percepção para favorecer a abordagem profissional.

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

Measurement of the J/ψ pair production cross-section in pp collisions at s=13 \sqrt{s}=13 TeV

The production cross-section of J/ψ pairs is measured using a data sample of pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 279 ±11 pb$^{−1}$. The measurement is performed for J/ψ mesons with a transverse momentum of less than 10 GeV/c in the rapidity range 2.0 < y < 4.5. The production cross-section is measured to be 15.2 ± 1.0 ± 0.9 nb. The first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. The differential cross-sections as functions of several kinematic variables of the J/ψ pair are measured and compared to theoretical predictions.The production cross-section of $J/\psi$ pairs is measured using a data sample of $pp$ collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13 \,{\mathrm{TeV}}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $279 \pm 11 \,{\mathrm{pb^{-1}}}$. The measurement is performed for $J/\psi$ mesons with a transverse momentum of less than $10 \,{\mathrm{GeV}}/c$ in the rapidity range $2.0<y<4.5$. The production cross-section is measured to be $15.2 \pm 1.0 \pm 0.9 \,{\mathrm{nb}}$. The first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. The differential cross-sections as functions of several kinematic variables of the $J/\psi$ pair are measured and compared to theoretical predictions