A VALORIZAÇÃO DAS CULTURAS INFANTIS ATRAVÉS DAS BRINCADEIRAS IMAGINATIVAS.

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa de Iniciação Científica (IC), cujo título “No mundo da criança: resgatando a fantasia do real no contexto da Educação Infantil”, teve início em 2011 em algumas salas de Educação Infantil de uma escola no interior paulista, ao constatar que havia uma carência de saberes referentes à imaginação infantil. A partir desse fato, buscou-se estimular e ampliar a imaginação infantil - por vezes latente - por meio de brincadeiras; de músicas; de representações; de personagens imaginários (Lipe e Luci) e de brinquedos. Fundamentada na Sociologia da Infância, a pesquisa adotou a abordagem de natureza qualitativa e a metodologia da pesquisa-intervenção, com vistas a levantar reflexões teóricas e práticas que colaborassem com transformações na realidade. Como resultados, destacam-se: maior expressão imaginativa das crianças e efetiva participação das professoras - em todas as brincadeiras e atividades propostas pelos pesquisadores bolsistas

A SOCIOLOGIA DA INFÂNCIA COMO SUPORTE PARA OS PROFESSORES: A CRIANÇA E A ESSÊNCIA DO BRINCAR

O presente artigo trata-se de um recorte de uma pesquisa de iniciação científica intitulada “A Ludicidade como eixo estruturador das culturas da infância, dando voz a criança”, desenvolvida pelo grupo de pesquisa CEPELIJ- Centro de estudo e pesquisa em educação, ludicidade, infância e juventude, coordenado pelos professores doutores José Milton de Lima e Márcia Regina Canhoto de Lima, em parceria com uma escola de Educação Infantil de Presidente Prudente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo – etnográfica que tem como aporte teórico a Sociologia da Infância. Tem por objetivos compreender como a Ludicidade é trabalhada dentro do contexto escolar, qual a postura das professoras diante desse eixo e permitir que a criança protagonize suas vivências. As observações são realizadas semanalmente, assim como os encontros dos bolsistas para a discussão do material teórico. Ocorrem também quinzenalmente uma reunião com um grupo maior denominado, Cultura Corporal, Saberes e Fazeres, que atualmente está estudando as diferentes vertentes sociológicas e uma disciplina de história que aborda todo o processo de desenvolvimento do ser humano e as diferentes sociedades. Como resultados, observou-se o envolvimento gradativo das professoras em relação à brincadeira, a transformação que ambas estão tendo desde que a pesquisa passou a contemplá-las. Em relação às crianças, notou-se que em todas as situações elas estiverem como atores sociais e protagonistas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Serviços de atenção domiciliar: critérios de elegibilidade, inclusão, exclusão e alta

Objective: To describe the aspects involving eligibility, inclusion, exclusion and discharge in home care from the perspective of home care managers and coordinators. Methods: This is qualitative descriptive exploratory study. Interviews were conducted with five managers and 17 coordinators from 16 municipalities of Minas Gerais between January and September 2015. Results: Respondents reported following the criteria proposed in the national guidelines of the home care service, but with some exceptions. With regard to eligibility, most managers reported that patients undergo clinical evaluation performed by the physician who determines whether or not the patient is eligible for home care. Inclusion criteria refer to the assessment of the patient’s conditions, the identification of the caregiver, social and environmental issues, team access and adaptation of the home to the patient’s needs. Exclusion criteria point to the structural conditions of the home, the lack of caregiver and safety for professionals. The discharge is referenced by clinical stability criteria and the end of treatment. Conclusion: Although home care services criteria are set by the Ministry of Health, managers and coordinators make exceptions to the inclusion and discharge criteria considering: the fragility of the network regarding discharge and referral to another point of care and the patient’s reality. Home care should be performed when the clinical and administrative conditions of the user are just right, considering the eligibility, inclusion, exclusion and discharge criteria.Objetivo: Describir los aspectos que involucran la elegibilidad, la inclusión, la exclusión y la alta de la atención domiciliaria desde la perspectiva de los gestores y coordinadores de la atención domiciliaria. Métodos: Se trata de un estúdio descriptivo-exploratorio de abordaje cualitativo. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con cinco gestores y 17 coordinadores de 16 municipios de Minas Gerais entre enero y septiembre de 2015. Resultados: Los entrevistados afirmaron que con algunas excepciones seguían los criterios propuestos en las directrices nacionales del servicio de atención domiciliaria. Respecto a la elegibilidad, la mayoría de los gestores relata que los pacientes pasan por una evaluación clínica realizada por el médico el cual define si el paciente sigue para la atención domiciliaria o no. Los criterios de inclusión se refieren a la evaluación de las condiciones del paciente, la identificación del cuidador, la cuestión socioambiental, el acceso del equipo y la adaptación de la vivienda a las necesidades del paciente. Los criterios de exclusión fueron las condiciones estructurales del domicilio, la ausencia del cuidador y de seguridad para los profesionales. La alta es referenciada por criterios de estabilidad clínica y el fin del tratamiento. Conclusión: Aunque los criterios de los servicios de atención domiciliaria son definidos por el Ministerio de la Salud, los gestores y coordinadores permiten excepciones para la inclusión y la alta por considerar: la fragilidad de la red para la alta y el encaminamiento para otro sitio de atención y la realidad del paciente. La atención domiciliaria debe ser realizada cuando las condiciones clínicas y administrativas del usuario permitan, considerando los criterios de elegibilidad, inclusión, exclusión y alta.Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos que envolvem a elegibilidade, inclusão, exclusão e alta na atenção domiciliar na perspectiva de gestores e coordenadores de atenção domiciliar. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas com cinco gestores e 17 coordenadores de 16 municípios de Minas Gerais entre janeiro e setembro de 2015. Resultados: Os entrevistados afirmaram seguir critérios propostos nas diretrizes nacionais do serviço de atenção domiciliar, com algumas exceções. No que diz respeito à elegibilidade, a maioria dos gestores informa que os pacientes passam por avaliação clínica realizada pelo médico que define se o paciente segue para a atenção domiciliar ou não. Os critérios de inclusão referem-se à avaliação das condições do paciente, a identificação do cuidador, a questão socioambiental, o acesso da equipe e adaptação da residência às necessidades do paciente. Como critérios de exclusão, apontam as condições estruturais do domicílio, a ausência de cuidador e de segurança para os profissionais. A alta é referenciada por critérios de estabilidade clínica e o fim do tratamento. Conclusão: Embora os critérios dos serviços de assistência domiciliar estejam definidos pelo Ministério da Saúde, os gestores e coordenadores abrem exceções na inclusão e alta considerando: a fragilidade da rede para alta e encaminhamento para outro ponto de atenção e a realidade do paciente. A atenção domiciliar deve ser realizada quando as condições clínicas e administrativas do usuário permitam, considerando os critérios de elegibilidade, inclusão, exclusão e alta

Condução do impulso nervoso em neurônios mielinizados

O neurônio é a parte fundamental de um sistema complexo, umavez que eles ligam-se para formar as sinapse e com isso ocorra a passagem de informação. Para compreender como esse sistema funciona é necessário antes de tudo compreender o funcionamento do próprio neurônio

Caffeic Acid Has Antiviral Activity against Ilhéus Virus In Vitro

Ilhéus virus (ILHV) is a neglected mosquito-borne flavivirus. ILHV infection may lead to Ilhéus fever, an emerging febrile disease like dengue fever with the potential to evolve into a severe neurological disease characterized by meningoencephalitis; no specific treatments are available for this disease. This study assessed the antiviral properties of caffeic acid, an abundant component of plant-based food products that is also compatible with the socioeconomic limitations associated with this neglected infectious disease. The in vitro activity of caffeic acid on ILHV replication was investigated in Vero and A549 cell lines using plaque assays, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays. We observed that 500 µM caffeic acid was virucidal against ILHV. Molecular docking indicated that caffeic acid might interact with an allosteric binding site on the envelope protein