Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth

It is a common knowledge that a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of the internal anatomy of teeth is imperative to ensure successful root canal treatment. The significance of canal anatomy has been emphasized by studies demonstrating that variations in canal geometry before cleaning, shaping, and obturation procedures had a greater effect on the outcome than the techniques themselves. In recent years, significant technological advances for imaging teeth, such as CBCT and micro-CT, respectively, have been introduced. Their noninvasive nature allows to perform in vivo anatomical studies using large populations to address the influence of several variables such as ethnicity, aging, gender, and others, on the root canal anatomy, as well as to evaluate, quantitatively and/or qualitatively, specific and fine anatomical features of a tooth group. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the morphological aspects of the root canal anatomy published in the literature of all groups of teeth and illustrate with three-dimensional images acquired from micro-CT technology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ranking in young tennis players—a study to determine possible correlates [Ranglistenplatzierung junger Tennisspieler – Studie zur Bestimmung möglicher Korrelate]

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of physical, functional, experiential, and training-related characteristics with ranking in a cohort of competitive U12 tennis players. A total of 119 (boys?= 68, girls?= 51) nationally ranked Turkish players aged 9.6–12.3 years (10.9?± 0.7) were measured on stature, sitting height, body mass, skinfolds, grip strength, and agility. Age at peak height velocity (APHV), percentage of predicted adult stature (PAS%), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentages (BF%) and growth status were calculated. Weekly training hours and experiences in regular tennis training and tournament play were recorded. Compared to boys, girls were found to be significantly taller and more advanced in maturation. There were no significant relationships between growth, APHV, BMI, BF% and rankings. In girls, PAS% was significantly correlated with ranking. Results revealed that variables regarding experience, training volume, and motor performance were significantly associated with ranking in both boys and girls. Age to start regular training (r?= ?0.540) for the girls and weekly training volume (r?= ?0.489) for the boys were the most correlated variables. These results were confirmed by logistic regression models. The findings highlight the possible positive consequences of early participation in regular tennis training and tournaments, rather than growth and body composition, on the ranking of U12 tennis players in both genders. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

Photon and neutron shielding performance of boron phosphate glasses for diagnostic radiology facilities

This study focuses on radiation shielding characteristics of Li2O, Al2O3 and ZnO-doped boron phosphate glasses containing PbO and Bi2O3. Mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) values of the glasses have been calculated using MCNPX code at various photon energies ranging from 60 to 120 keV and compared to those of XCOM software. The obtained results exhibited that MCNPX and XCOM are in good agreement at all energies. Some shielding parameters such as effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Nel), half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP) and Photon transmission factors (TF-photon) were determined using the obtained mass attenuation coefficients. Moreover, macroscopic effective removal cross sections (ΣR) and neutron transmission factors (TF-neutron) for fast neutrons have been evaluated. To simulate the attenuation properties of investigated glasses in a diagnostic radiology operation facility (control room), each boron phosphate glass sample was placed in front of a mathematical human head phantom namely SNYDER. For the glasses under examination, average photon flux in the eight detection points, which were located in different points of SNYDER head phantom, was calculated. Among the studied glasses, BPM4 sample has showed superior photon and neutron radiation shielding effectiveness. It can be concluded that boron-doped glasses are superior shielding materials for both gamma ray and neutrons. Keywords: Boron phosphate glasses, MCNPX, Radiation protection, SNYDE

Autofluorescence imaging of pingueculae

Aims: To analyse the autofluoresence (AF) properties of pingueculae and compare the size of AF with the extent of the visible lesion

Photon and neutron shielding performance of boron phosphate glasses for diagnostic radiology facilities

This study focuses on radiation shielding characteristics of Li2O, Al2O3 and ZnO-doped boron phosphate glasses containing PbO and Bi2O3. Mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) values of the glasses have been calculated using MCNPX code at various photon energies ranging from 60 to 120 keV and compared to those of XCOM software. The obtained results exhibited that MCNPX and XCOM are in good agreement at all energies. Some shielding parameters such as effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Nel), half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP) and Photon transmission factors (TF-photon) were determined using the obtained mass attenuation coefficients. Moreover, macroscopic effective removal cross sections (ΣR) and neutron transmission factors (TF-neutron) for fast neutrons have been evaluated. To simulate the attenuation properties of investigated glasses in a diagnostic radiology operation facility (control room), each boron phosphate glass sample was placed in front of a mathematical human head phantom namely SNYDER. For the glasses under examination, average photon flux in the eight detection points, which were located in different points of SNYDER head phantom, was calculated. Among the studied glasses, BPM4 sample has showed superior photon and neutron radiation shielding effectiveness. It can be concluded that boron-doped glasses are superior shielding materials for both gamma ray and neutrons. Keywords: Boron phosphate glasses, MCNPX, Radiation protection, SNYDE