Evolución tecto-sedimentaria olugo-miocénica del SO de la fosa de Ciudad Rodrigo. Salamanca

Durante el Oligoceno-Mioceno Inferior, la sedimentación en el borde suroeste de la Fosa de Ciudad Rodrigo estuvo controlada por un complejo sistema de fracturas que rejugaron independientemente en las distintas fases tectónicas intraterciarias,. cu-y a actuación se ha deducido a partir de un exhaustivo control de la estratigrafía de la región. Para ello, fue necesario definir una unidad litoestratigráfica (Formación Arcosas de la Alamedilla) y dividirla en cinco tramos reconocibles en el área de trabajo. El estudio sedimentológico de cada uno de los tramos (análisis granulométricos, minerales pesados, paleocorrientes, análisis secuencial y de facies etc.) permitió deducir el tipo de área fuente que se estaba desmantelando en cada momento y su localización geográfica. Al relacionar los resultados estratigráficos, sedimentológicos y tectónicos se observa que cada tramo se deposita en respuesta a una fase tectónica determinada y que la arquitectura fluvial resultante está controlada por la geometría de la cuenca sedimentaria existente en cada momento y el carácter estacionaldel clima

Evolución tecto-sedimentaria olugo-miocénica del SO de la fosa de Ciudad Rodrigo. Salamanca

Durante el Oligoceno-Mioceno Inferior, la sedimentación en el borde suroeste de la Fosa de Ciudad Rodrigo estuvo controlada por un complejo sistema de fracturas que rejugaron independientemente en las distintas fases tectónicas intraterciarias,. cu-y a actuación se ha deducido a partir de un exhaustivo control de la estratigrafía de la región. Para ello, fue necesario definir una unidad litoestratigráfica (Formación Arcosas de la Alamedilla) y dividirla en cinco tramos reconocibles en el área de trabajo. El estudio sedimentológico de cada uno de los tramos (análisis granulométricos, minerales pesados, paleocorrientes, análisis secuencial y de facies etc.) permitió deducir el tipo de área fuente que se estaba desmantelando en cada momento y su localización geográfica. Al relacionar los resultados estratigráficos, sedimentológicos y tectónicos se observa que cada tramo se deposita en respuesta a una fase tectónica determinada y que la arquitectura fluvial resultante está controlada por la geometría de la cuenca sedimentaria existente en cada momento y el carácter estacionaldel clima

Evolución del sistema fluvial de la formación areniscas de Aldearrubia, (Paleógeno superior) (Provincia de Salamanca)

El estudio de los paleocanales de la Formación Areniscas de Aldearrubia revela que el sistema fluvial que originó dicha unidad evolucionó a Jo largo del tiempo, pasando de tener características típicamente meandriformes a trenzadas. Este cambio coincidió con una lenta pero continua progresión de la cabecera del sistema fluvial hacia el centro de la cuenca como consecuencia del paulatino levantamiento del área madre situada al S. y/o SE., según los datos de paleocorrientes.The study of paleochannels of the fluviatile Aldearrubia Sandstone Formation reveals that the fluvial system evolved along time from typical meandering to braided. This change coincided with a slow, but continuous migration of the head of the alluvial system towards the central parts of the basin related to the up lifting of the source area that was placed to the S. and/or SE. as witnessed by paleocurrent measurements

Estudio palinológico preliminar en el sondeo de testigo continuo "Montemayor-1" (Neógeno superior, Huelva)

XV lnternational A.P.L.E. Symposium of Palynolog

Las asociaciones de microfauna como indicadores de cambios paleoambientales en los ciclos fluvio-lacustres Miocenos (NE de la Cuenca del Duero, España)

The siliclastic and carbonate deposits are interbedded in the Villadiego area (Miocene, NE Duero Basin). They have been subdivided into two high-rank depositional sequences: DDS and CDS. The sedimentary analysis of these units and the study of the microfauna content, mainly ostracods, led to the identification of lacustrine-fluvial interaction systems. The sedimentary characteristics reveal the existence of fluvial systems of gravel, flood plains and lacustrine systems that were interconnected and intimately related in north-south direction. In the sedimentological analysis, thirteen types of fluvial and lacustrine lithofacies and six genetic facies associations were recognized. The top of DDS is the result of lake level risings. The CDS shows a deepening-shallowing cycle. The ostracod micropaleontological analysis of the sediments have been studied, with the aim of reconstructing the palaeoenvironmental evolution of this area. These microfauna assemblages integrated with the analysis of the sedimentary facies allowed to conclude the existence of lakes with a water-bearing level of few tens of meters. A change in the chemical conditions of the waters, which evolved from oligohaline and carbonated to mesohaline and sulphated is concluded.Los depósitos siliciclásticos y carbonatados se encuentran intercalados en el área de Villadiego (Mioceno, NE cuenca del Duero). Se han subdividido en dos secuencias de depósito de alto rango: DDS y CDS. El análisis de estas unidades sedimentarias y el estudio del contenido de microfauna, principalmente ostrácodos, condujo a la identificación de sistemas de interacción lacustre-fluvial. Las características sedimentarias revelan la existencia de los sistemas fluviales de grava, llanuras de inundación y sistemas lacustres que estaban interconectados e íntimamente relacionados en dirección N-S. En el análisis sedimentológico se reconocieron trece tipos de litofacies fluviales y lacustres y seis asociaciones de facies genéticas. La parte superior del DDS es el resultado de levantamientos del nivel del lago. El CDS muestra un ciclo de profundización-somerización. Los sedimentos se han estudiado mediatne análisis micropaleontológico de ostrácodos, con el objetivo de reconstruir la evolución paleoambiental de esta zona. Estos conjuntos de microfauna integrados con el análisis de las facies sedimentarias permiten concluir la existencia de lagos con un nivel acuífero de pocas decenas de metros. Se concluye que existió un cambio en las condiciones químicas de las aguas, que evolucionaron a partir de oligohalinos y sin gas a mesohalino y sulfatadas

Quantitative taphonomy of the Cacela site (late Tortonian; Algarve, S Portugal)

A quantitative taphonomic analysis were performed in the fossil assemblages of the late Tortonian of the lower-mid part of the Cacela Formation (Cacela, Algarve, S Portugal). Taphonomic results, together with sedimentological analysis and the faunal assemblages, allow to inferring palaeoenvironmental changes. The upper Tortonian sedimentation started with fan-delta conglomerates that quickly changed to outerplatform silty marls deposited in a setting with a relatively low sedimentation rate as indicated by the concentration of glauconite. Higher up into the section, a progressive shallowing trend is inferred, and sediments of inner platform settings were forme

Immunometabolic Profile Associated with Progressive Damage of the Intestinal Mucosa in Adults Screened for Colorectal Cancer: Association with Diet

Environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle have been shown to influence the development of some intestinal mucosal lesions that may be precursors of colorectal cancer (CRC). The presence of these alterations seems to be associated with misbalanced immunological parameter levels. However, it is still unclear as to which immunological parameters are altered in each phase of CRC development. In this work, we aimed to study the potential relationships of immunological and metabolic parameters with diet in a CRC-related lesion context. Dietary information was obtained using an annual semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from 93 volunteers classified via colonoscopy examination according to the presence of intestinal polyps or adenocarcinoma. Cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines were determined from serum samples. We observed a reduction in adiponectin according to the damage to the mucosa, accompanied by an increase and decrease in C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and resistin, respectively, in CRC cases. The presence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the polyp group was associated with higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations. Vegetables were directly correlated with adiponectin and resistin levels, while the opposite occurred with red meat. A bioactive compound, soluble pectin, showed a negative association with TNF-α. Future dietary strategies could be developed to modulate specific immunological parameters in the context of CRC

Fecal Metabolome and Bacterial Composition in Severe Obesity:Impact of Diet and Bariatric Surgery

The aim of this study was to monitor the impact of a preoperative low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery on the bacterial gut microbiota composition and functionality in severe obesity and to compare sleeve gastrectomy (SG) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The study also aimed to incorporate big data analysis for the omics results and machine learning by a Lasso-based analysis to detect the potential markers for excess weight loss. Forty patients who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited (14 underwent SG, and 26 underwent RYGB). Each participant contributed 4 fecal samples (baseline, post-diet, 1 month after surgery and 3 months after surgery). The bacterial composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing using MiSeq (Illumina). Metabolic signatures associated to fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, biogenic amines, gamma-aminobutyric acid and ammonium were determined by gas and liquid chromatography. Orange 3 software was employed to correlate the variables, and a Lasso analysis was employed to predict the weight loss at the baseline samples. A correlation between Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) abundance and excess weight was observed only for the highest body mass indexes. The low-calorie diet had little impact on composition and targeted metabolic activity. RYGB had a deeper impact on bacterial composition and putrefactive metabolism than SG, although the excess weight loss was comparable in the two groups. Significantly higher ammonium concentrations were detected in the feces of the RYGB group. We detected individual signatures of composition and functionality, rather than a gut microbiota characteristic of severe obesity, with opposing tendencies for almost all measured variables in the two surgical approaches. The gut microbiota of the baseline samples was not useful for predicting excess weight loss after the bariatric process

Augmented Reality in a Hiking Tour of the Miocene Geoheritage of the Central Algarve Cliffs (Portugal)

Acceso electrónico sólo desde el IGMEEight sites with geological (including palaeontological and geomorphological) interest (geosites) representative of the Lower and Middle Miocene carbonate deposits near Albufeira in central Algarve (southern Portugal) have been selected based on our extended working experience. The sites can be visited by hiking in a 1-day field trip. A virtual 3D tour of the georeferenced sites was produced using augmented reality technique and geoinformatic tools which integrate thematic digital layers such as geological maps and orthophotos. Every stop in the tour includes descriptive and graphic elements that can be viewed in free virtual globes (e.g. Google Earth) combined with diagrams, photographs and information sheets that quantitatively assess the cultural-touristic, educational and scientific value of the geosites. A virtual flight itinerary compatible with video formats in the new free technologies (smartphones, tablets and iPads) is also presented.Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, EspañaGeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PortugalDepartamento de Estratigrafía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, EspañaMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, EspañaLaboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia, Portuga

Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: a model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modelling

Inferences from analogue models support lithospheric folding as the primary response to large-scale shortening manifested in the present day topography of Iberia. This process was active from the late Oligocene-early Miocene during the Alpine orogeny and was probably enhanced by reactivation of inherited Variscan faults. The modeling results confirm the dependence of fold wavelength on convergence rate and hence the strength of the layers of the lithosphere such that fold wavelength is longest for fast convergence rates favoring whole lithosphere folding. Folding is associated with the formation of dominantly pop-up type mountain ranges in the brittle crust and thickening of the ductile layers in the synforms of the buckle folds by flow. The mountain ranges are represented by upper crustal pop-ups forming the main topographic relief. The wavelengths of the topographic uplifts, both, in model and nature suggest mechanical decoupling between crust and mantle. Moreover, our modeling results suggest that buckling in Iberia took place under rheological conditions where the lithospheric mantle is stronger than the lower crust. The presence of an indenter, inducing oblique shortening in response to the opening of the King's Trough in the north western corner of the Atlantic Iberian margin controls the spacing and obliquity of structures. This leads to the transfer of the deformation from the moving walls towards the inner part of the model, creating oblique structures in both brittle and ductile layers. The effect of the indenter, together with an increase on the convergence rate produced more complex brittle structures. These results show close similarities to observations on the general shape and distribution of mountain ranges and basins in Iberia, including the Spanish Central System and Toledo Mountains.Peer reviewe