LA IMAGEN DEL TERRORISTA EN LA NOVELA ESPAÑOLA ACTUAL

International audienceThe present article explores the figure of the terrorist in the contemporary Spanish novel. A variety of forms of terrorism are illustrated in the corpus, from anarchists to members of the ETA. The terrorist is examined both in terms of his membership in a group and as an individual. Former terrorists are also discussed, as well as the viewpoint of victims of terrorism. Terrorist groups are studied in terms of their leaders, the members of the commando squad and internal conflicts. The discussion of the terrorist as an individual focuses on how he or she became a terrorist, the role of the environment, the reasons for his or her entrance in the group and the way in which he or she was integrated. The picture that emerges is one of a broken person, a failure.Este trabajo se propone analizar la figura del terrorista en la narrativa actual española. Nuestro corpus ofrece una variada tipología del terrorismo, desde los anarquistas hasta los actuales etarras. Se estudia su figura como miembro de un grupo y como ser individual. Interesa también la figura del ex-terrorista y la imagen que del verdugo tienen las víctimas. Por lo que respecta al grupo, se hace hincapié en la figura del líder, de los miembros del comando y en los conflictos que se originan en su seno. Como individuo, se analiza la génesis del terrorista privilegiando el ambiente familar, la razón del ingreso y la socialización dentro del grupo. La imagen resultante es la de un ser fracasado y destruíd

España: Mater Dolorosa / Mater Victoriosa. Del teatro clásico al teatro alegórico de la Guerra de la Independencia

La representación de España como Mater dolorosa no es un un signo distintivo de los liberales ni de su visión política. Cohabita con la representación de España como matrona en majestad tanto en el siglo XIX como anteriormente. La Mater dolorosa ha sido una iconografía constante en el teatro. Para demostrarlo analizamos las obras de teatro alegóricas escritas durante la guerra de la Independencia española (1808-1814), textos poéticos de Quintana y Espronceda así como obras de teatro clásicas : El último rey godo y El mejor mozo de España de Lope de Vega , más La Numancia de Cervante

El arte de la memoria en "Una belleza convulsa" de J. M. Fajardo

La memoria, el recuerdo, el olvido son componentes esenciales de la novela Una belleza convulsa de J. M. Fajardo. Nuestro objetivo es demostrar que en este texto se encuentra recogida toda la tipología de la memoria y las claves de su funcionamiento. La memoria es vida para el individuo y materia de la narració

Muros y posterrorismo en Los Gondra y Los otros Gondra de Borja Ortiz de Gondra

We analyse the representation of the end of ETA’s terrorism in thecontemporary self-fiction theatre. Therefore we study the importance of the physicalwalls considering the symbolical values they represent and the social, mental andemotional barriers that lead the characters to repeat political struggles, generation aftergeneration. The vision of reconciliation and forgiveness may be dark if it becomespossible only when those walls and their cultural background are knocked down, or itcan be bright if it is considered as an emancipation from that background.Analizamos la representación del fin del terrorismo etarra en el teatrocontemporáneo autofictivo. Para ello estudiamos el alcance de los muros físicos, consus valores simbólicos, y de las barreras sociales, mentales y emocionales que llevan alos personajes a luchas repetidas de naturaleza política generación tras generación. Lavisión de la reconciliación y el perdón puede ser sombría, ya que estos son solo posiblescuando esos muros y los fundamentos culturales que representan se abaten, o puedeser luminosa, si se interpreta como una emancipación de dichos fundamentos.We analyse the representation of the end of ETA’s terrorism in thecontemporary self-fiction theatre. Therefore we study the importance of the physicalwalls considering the symbolical values they represent and the social, mental andemotional barriers that lead the characters to repeat political struggles, generation aftergeneration. The vision of reconciliation and forgiveness may be dark if it becomespossible only when those walls and their cultural background are knocked down, or itcan be bright if it is considered as an emancipation from that background

Pd/TiO2-WO3 photocatalysts for hydrogen generation from water-methanol mixtures

Solar light is inexhaustible, and therefore to take advantage of this energy it is necessary to develop materials capable of absorbing energy in the widest range of the solar spectra. Although TiO2 is one of the most studied photocatalysts, it only absorbs in the UV range. With the aim of increasing this light absorption towards the visible range, in this study Pd and WO3 were supported on bare TiO2 to determine their photocatalytic properties for generating hydrogen from water-methanol mixtures under UVA and solar irradiation. Several parameters for the hydrogen production, such as the amount of Pd and the catalyst as well as the influence of the water matrix were studied. These catalytic materials were characterized by means of inductively coupled plasma with an optical emission spectrophotometer, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction, high resolution – transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopy. The hydrogen evolution was monitored by online gas chromatography. The incorporation of a small amount of Pd (lower than 0.01¿wt%) produced a large increase in the hydrogen production. Furthermore, adding WO3 on the bare titania also increased hydrogen generation. The highest quantum efficiency obtained in this work under solar radiation was 7.7% by the catalyst based on palladium supported on nanotubes of titanium dioxide and tungsten trioxide (Pd/NT-WO3) using an aqueous solution of methanol (50vol%).Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Using Interpretable Machine Learning to Identify Baseline Predictive Factors of Remission and Drug Durability in Crohn’s Disease Patients on Ustekinumab

Ustekinumab has shown efficacy in Crohn's Disease (CD) patients. To identify patient profiles of those who benefit the most from this treatment would help to position this drug in the therapeutic paradigm of CD and generate hypotheses for future trials. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether baseline patient characteristics are predictive of remission and the drug durability of ustekinumab, and whether its positioning with respect to prior use of biologics has a significant effect after correcting for disease severity and phenotype at baseline using interpretable machine learning. Patients' data from SUSTAIN, a retrospective multicenter single-arm cohort study, were used. Disease phenotype, baseline laboratory data, and prior treatment characteristics were documented. Clinical remission was defined as the Harvey Bradshaw Index <= 4 and was tracked longitudinally. Drug durability was defined as the time until a patient discontinued treatment. A total of 439 participants from 60 centers were included and a total of 20 baseline covariates considered. Less exposure to previous biologics had a positive effect on remission, even after controlling for baseline disease severity using a non-linear, additive, multivariable model. Additionally, age, body mass index, and fecal calprotectin at baseline were found to be statistically significant as independent negative risk factors for both remission and drug survival, with further risk factors identified for remission

Long-Term Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Ustekinumab in Crohn’s Disease Patients: The SUSTAIN Study

Background Large real-world-evidence studies are required to confirm the durability of response, effectiveness, and safety of ustekinumab in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in real-world clinical practice. Methods A retrospective, multicentre study was conducted in Spain in patients with active CD who had received ≥1 intravenous dose of ustekinumab for ≥6 months. Primary outcome was ustekinumab retention rate; secondary outcomes were to identify predictive factors for drug retention, short-term remission (week 16), loss of response and predictive factors for short-term efficacy and loss of response, and ustekinumab safety. Results A total of 463 patients were included. Mean baseline Harvey-Bradshaw Index was 8.4. A total of 447 (96.5%) patients had received prior biologic therapy, 141 (30.5%) of whom had received ≥3 agents. In addition, 35.2% received concomitant immunosuppressants, and 47.1% had ≥1 abdominal surgery. At week 16, 56% had remission, 70% had response, and 26.1% required dose escalation or intensification; of these, 24.8% did not subsequently reduce dose. After a median follow-up of 15 months, 356 (77%) patients continued treatment. The incidence rate of ustekinumab discontinuation was 18% per patient-year of follow-up. Previous intestinal surgery and concomitant steroid treatment were associated with higher risk of ustekinumab discontinuation, while a maintenance schedule every 12 weeks had a lower risk; neither concomitant immunosuppressants nor the number of previous biologics were associated with ustekinumab discontinuation risk. Fifty adverse events were reported in 39 (8.4%) patients; 4 of them were severe (2 infections, 1 malignancy, and 1 fever). Conclusions Ustekinumab is effective and safe as short- and long-term treatment in a refractory cohort of CD patients in real-world clinical practice

Patient preferences and treatment safety for uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis in primary health care

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vaginitis is a common complaint in primary care. In uncomplicated candidal vaginitis, there are no differences in effectiveness between oral or vaginal treatment. Some studies describe that the preferred treatment is the oral one, but a Cochrane's review points out inconsistencies associated with the report of the preferred way that limit the use of such data. Risk factors associated with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis still remain controversial.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This work describes a protocol of a multicentric prospective observational study with one year follow up, to describe the women's reasons and preferences to choose the way of administration (oral vs topical) in the treatment of not complicated candidal vaginitis. The number of women required is 765, they are chosen by consecutive sampling. All of whom are aged 16 and over with vaginal discharge and/or vaginal pruritus, diagnosed with not complicated vulvovaginitis in Primary Care in Madrid.</p> <p>The main outcome variable is the preferences of the patients in treatment choice; secondary outcome variables are time to symptoms relief and adverse reactions and the frequency of recurrent vulvovaginitis and the risk factors. In the statistical analysis, for the main objective will be descriptive for each of the variables, bivariant analysis and multivariate analysis (logistic regression).. The dependent variable being the type of treatment chosen (oral or topical) and the independent, the variables that after bivariant analysis, have been associated to the treatment preference.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Clinical decisions, recommendations, and practice guidelines must not only attend to the best available evidence, but also to the values and preferences of the informed patient.</p

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group