Calculated and experimental Schmid factors for chip flow deformation of textured CVD α-alumina coatings

A thorough analysis of Schmid factors (m) for three different (basal and two prismatic) slip systems and three different coating textures, (0001), (011\uaf2) and (112\uaf0), was done in order to understand the influence of CVD α-alumina coating textures on the ability of the coatings to deform plastically at different locations on the rake face of a cutting tool insert during a metal machining operation. Schmid factor diagrams were constructed using MATLAB/MTEX in order to visualize the angular dependence of an external force relative to the α-Al O crystals (grains) on the Schmid factor. The diagrams were also used to extract m-value frequency distributions for different slip systems and textures. In addition, lateral m-value distribution maps were obtained from experimental textured coatings using electron backscatter diffraction. These maps show the ability for neighboring grains to deform plastically in the coatings. Cutting tool inserts with differently textured α-Al2O3 coatings were subjected to dry machining of a quench-tempered steel. Using scanning electron microscopy, the microstructure and surface topography of the worn alumina layers were investigated and it was found that a flatter surface morphology and higher probability of discrete plastic deformation are connected to less wear. This was observed in the (0001)-textured sample, which also exhibited the highest m-values in the wear zone with highest temperatures and external forces. It was observed that basal slip is most easily activated, followed by prismatic slip systems 1 and 2 in this case. For (011\uaf2) and (112\uaf0) textured coatings the differences in m-values for the three slip systems are not that big, and the distributions are relatively wide. It is clear that the Schmid factor analysis forms a basis that is important for understanding crater wear, especially when it is connected to local plastic deformation, of textured CVD α-Al2O3 coatings. The methodology of this work can be expanded to other coating systems and also more generally to applications where it is of interest to analyze the deformation behavior and local plastic anisotropy of textured materials

Measurement of catestatin and vasostatin in wild boar Sus scrofa captured in a corral trap

Objective Our aim was to analyse the chromogranin A-derived peptides vasostatin and catestatin in serum from wild boar (Sus scrofa) captured in a corral trap. Acute capture-related stress quickly leads to a release of adrenalin and noradrenalin, but these hormones have a short half-life in blood and are difficult to measure. Chromogranin A (CgA), a glycoprotein which is co-released with noradrenalin and adrenalin, is relatively stable in circulation and the CgA-derived peptides catestatin and vasostatin have been measured in domestic species, but not yet in wildlife. Results Vasostatin and catestatin could be measured and the median (range) serum concentrations were 0.91 (0.54–2.86) and 0.65 (0.35–2.62) nmol/L, respectively. We conclude that the CgA-derived peptides vasostatin and catestatin can be measured in wild boar serum and may thus be useful as biomarkers of psychophysical stress

The round goby genome provides insights into mechanisms that may facilitate biological invasions

Background: The invasive benthic round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is the most successful temperate invasive fish and has spread in aquatic ecosystems on both sides of the Atlantic. Invasive species constitute powerful in situ experimental systems to study fast adaptation and directional selection on short ecological timescales and present promising case studies to understand factors involved the impressive ability of some species to colonize novel environments. We seize the unique opportunity presented by the round goby invasion to study genomic substrates potentially involved in colonization success. Results We report a highly contiguous long-read-based genome and analyze gene families that we hypothesize to relate to the ability of these fish to deal with novel environments. The analyses provide novel insights from the large evolutionary scale to the small species-specific scale. We describe expansions in specific cytochrome P450 enzymes, a remarkably diverse innate immune system, an ancient duplication in red light vision accompanied by red skin fluorescence, evolutionary patterns of epigenetic regulators, and the presence of osmoregulatory genes that may have contributed to the round goby's capacity to invade cold and salty waters. A recurring theme across all analyzed gene families is gene expansions. Conclusions: The expanded innate immune system of round goby may potentially contribute to its ability to colonize novel areas. Since other gene families also feature copy number expansions in the round goby, and since other Gobiidae also feature fascinating environmental adaptations and are excellent colonizers, further long-read genome approaches across the goby family may reveal whether gene copy number expansions are more generally related to the ability to conquer new habitats in Gobiidae or in fish

Reviews and syntheses : Greenhouse gas exchange data from drained organic forest soils - a review of current approaches and recommendations for future research

Drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate climate zones are believed to be significant sources of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), but the annual fluxes are still highly uncertain. Drained organic soils exemplify systems where many studies are still carried out with relatively small resources, several methodologies and manually operated systems, which further involve different options for the detailed design of the measurement and data analysis protocols for deriving the annual flux. It would be beneficial to set certain guidelines for how to measure and report the data, so that data from individual studies could also be used in synthesis work based on data collation and modelling. Such synthesis work is necessary for deciphering general patterns and trends related to, e.g., site types, climate, and management, and the development of corresponding emission factors, i.e. estimates of the net annual soil GHG emission and removal, which can be used in GHG inventories. Development of specific emission factors also sets prerequisites for the background or environmental data to be reported in individual studies. We argue that wide applicability greatly increases the value of individual studies. An overall objective of this paper is to support future monitoring campaigns in obtaining high-value data. We analysed peer-reviewed publications presenting CO2, CH4 and N2O flux data for drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate climate zones, focusing on data that have been used, or have the potential to be used, for estimating net annual soil GHG emissions and removals. We evaluated the methods used in data collection and identified major gaps in background or environmental data. Based on these, we formulated recommendations for future research.Peer reviewe

Lingvistisk analys av säkerhetssamtal inom Banverket

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible risk factors related to the quality of spoken communication between train drivers and train dispatchers at Banverket (Swedish Rail Administration). In a first stage 1422 recorded and transcribed dialogues were subject to an exploratory linguistic analysis. In a second stage 200 dialogues were sampled and made subject to a detailed analysis in terms of communication error types. Results showed an overall low frequency of communication errors. Errors actually observed were mainly related to deficiencies in identification and designation.I syfte att undersöka eventuella samband mellan kvaliteten i samtalen hos Banverkets personal och risk för olyckor och incidenter genomfördes en lingvistisk analys. I ett första steg blev 1422 inspelade och transkriberade samtal mellan tågklarerare och tågförare föremål för en översiktlig lingvistisk analys. I ett andra steg drogs ett stickprov på 200 samtal som analyserades mer detaljerat med avseende på kommunikativa feltyper. Resultatet visade på en låg frekvens av kommunikativa fel. De fel som förekom rörde i huvudsak felaktig eller inkonsekvent identifiering och benämning.Godkänd; 2007; 20071105 (biem

Book Calls as a Unity : A qualitative study of six students` perceptions of the bookconversation´s impact on reading comprehension and reading desire

Syftet med studien är att undersöka sex elevers uppfattningar om boksamtal, med fokuspå deras läsförståelse och läslust. Detta görs inom ramen för läsprojektet 16-årsboken påKullagymnasiet i Höganäs och utifrån boksamtal om ungdomsboken Bergtagen avCamilla Sten (2020). Studien har en fenomenografisk ansats och den kvalitativaundersökningen utgörs av tre semistrukturerade intervjuer där sex gymnasieeleverintervjuas parvis. Studien visar att både lärarledda boksamtal i helklass, och boksamtal i mindregrupper utan lärare, uppfattas ha en positiv påverkan på såväl läsförståelse som läslust.Utbyte av tankar och idéer i den sociala interaktionen pekas ut som en främjande faktor.En annan är kunskap om litteraturvetenskapliga begrepp och metaspråk för att tala omdet lästa och kommunicera sin läsförståelse. Lärarens stöd och frågor fick informanternaatt utveckla sina tankar och resonemang i boksamtalen. Studien argumenterar för att boksamtalet ur ett lärarperspektiv bör ses som enenhet. Med en enhet avses ett vidare perspektiv som rymmer strukturerade, lärarleddasamtal utifrån litteraturvetenskapliga begrepp för att utveckla fördjupad förståelse ochförmåga att prata om det lästa, i kombination med mer spontana samtal mellan elever somkan främja läslusten

Book Calls as a Unity : A qualitative study of six students` perceptions of the bookconversation´s impact on reading comprehension and reading desire

Syftet med studien är att undersöka sex elevers uppfattningar om boksamtal, med fokuspå deras läsförståelse och läslust. Detta görs inom ramen för läsprojektet 16-årsboken påKullagymnasiet i Höganäs och utifrån boksamtal om ungdomsboken Bergtagen avCamilla Sten (2020). Studien har en fenomenografisk ansats och den kvalitativaundersökningen utgörs av tre semistrukturerade intervjuer där sex gymnasieeleverintervjuas parvis. Studien visar att både lärarledda boksamtal i helklass, och boksamtal i mindregrupper utan lärare, uppfattas ha en positiv påverkan på såväl läsförståelse som läslust.Utbyte av tankar och idéer i den sociala interaktionen pekas ut som en främjande faktor.En annan är kunskap om litteraturvetenskapliga begrepp och metaspråk för att tala omdet lästa och kommunicera sin läsförståelse. Lärarens stöd och frågor fick informanternaatt utveckla sina tankar och resonemang i boksamtalen. Studien argumenterar för att boksamtalet ur ett lärarperspektiv bör ses som enenhet. Med en enhet avses ett vidare perspektiv som rymmer strukturerade, lärarleddasamtal utifrån litteraturvetenskapliga begrepp för att utveckla fördjupad förståelse ochförmåga att prata om det lästa, i kombination med mer spontana samtal mellan elever somkan främja läslusten