Le modèle de 'l'État-stratège':Genèse d'une forme organisationnelle dans l'administration française

Cet article retrace la genèse d'une nouvelle forme d'organisation du système administratif en France, désignée sous le nom d'« État-stratège », qui redessine, dans les années 1990, les relations entre administrations centrales et services territoriaux de l'État. La séparation entre les fonctions stratégiques de pilotage et de contrôle de l'État et les fonctions opérationnelles d'exécution et de mise en œuvre des politiques publiques est au cœur de ce changement. Cette transformation suit deux processus. D'un côté, l'adoption de mesures concrètes de « gouvernement à distance » fait l'objet de luttes de pouvoir entre trois acteurs ministériels majeurs (ministère de l'Intérieur, du Budget et de la Fonction publique). De l'autre, est produite une nouvelle « catégorisation » légitime de l'État, portée par des hauts fonctionnaires généralistes, dans le cadre de grandes commissions de réforme, et inspirée des idées du New Public Management. La fabrique d'une nouvelle forme d'organisation étatique renvoie ainsi à deux dynamiques et deux dimensions, politique et idéelle. — Numéro spécial : Les nouveaux formats de l'institution.Since the 1990s, a new organisational form of the administrative system in France has been steadily redefining relations between central administrations and local state units. Labelled “the steering state” or the “managerial state”, this new paradigm hinges on separating the strategic functions of steering and controlling the state from the operational functions of execution and policy implementation. The making of this new form of state organization involves two parallel processes: political and cognitive. For one thing, the adoption of concrete measures for “government at distance” results from power struggles between three major ministries (Home Office, Budget and Civil Service). For another, a new legitimate “categorization of the state” is being formed in the major committees involved in the reform process of the 1990s; it is borne by top civil servants and inspired by the ideas of New Public Management. — Special issue: New patterns of institutions

Phenotype-genotype correlations for clinical variants caused by CYLD mutations

Background Studies evaluating acceptability of simplified follow-up after medical abortion have focused on high-resource or urban settings where telephones, road connections, and modes of transport are available and where women have formal education. Objective To investigate women’s acceptability of home-assessment of abortion and whether acceptability of medical abortion differs by in-clinic or home-assessment of abortion outcome in a low-resource setting in India. Design Secondary outcome of a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Setting Outpatient primary health care clinics in rural and urban Rajasthan, India. Population Women were eligible if they sought abortion with a gestation up to 9 weeks, lived within defined study area and agreed to follow-up. Women were ineligible if they had known contraindications to medical abortion, haemoglobin < 85mg/l and were below 18 years. Methods Abortion outcome assessment through routine clinic follow-up by a doctor was compared with home-assessment using a low-sensitivity pregnancy test and a pictorial instruction sheet. A computerized random number generator generated the randomisation sequence (1:1) in blocks of six. Research assistants randomly allocated eligible women who opted for medical abortion (mifepristone and misoprostol), using opaque sealed envelopes. Blinding during outcome assessment was not possible. Main Outcome Measures Women’s acceptability of home-assessment was measured as future preference of follow-up. Overall satisfaction, expectations, and comparison with previous abortion experiences were compared between study groups. Results 731 women were randomized to the clinic follow-up group (n = 353) or home-assessment group (n = 378). 623 (85%) women were successfully followed up, of those 597 (96%) were satisfied and 592 (95%) found the abortion better or as expected, with no difference between study groups. The majority, 355 (57%) women, preferred home-assessment in the event of a future abortion. Significantly more women, 284 (82%), in the home-assessment group preferred home-assessment in the future, as compared with 188 (70%) of women in the clinic follow-up group, who preferred clinic follow-up in the future (p < 0.001). Conclusion Home-assessment is highly acceptable among women in low-resource, and rural, settings. The choice to follow-up an early medical abortion according to women’s preference should be offered to foster women’s reproductive autonomy

TRANSFER PRICING

Transfer pricing is one of the principal international taxation issues of the 1990s and potentially of future decades as well. For corporate enterprises, it can be difficult enough to do business in just one country, but it gets even more complex when they go international. The growth of multinational enterprises (MNEs) creates complex taxation issues for both the tax administrations as well for the MNE. Transfer pricing concerns allocation of income earned within affiliated corporate groups in different countries, which must satisfy tax authorities that they are not evading taxes through the use of transfer pricing. The main problem with transfer pricing occurs when the transactions are not properly identified and analyzed. As a result, this will often lead to complex, lengthy, and expensive inquiries and litigation. The transfer pricing policies of multinationals are being considered in a totally new light by the tax authorities, who are also using new methods and improved knowledge to audit prior years

Healthcare workers’ beliefs, motivations and behaviours affecting adequate provision of sexual and reproductive healthcare services to adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Adolescents’ sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRH) needs have been prioritized globally, and they have the rights to access and utilize SRH services for their needs. However, adolescents under-utilize SRH services, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Many factors play a role in the under-utilization of SRH services by adolescents, such as the attitude and behaviour of healthcare workers. The aim of this study therefore, was to explore and gain an in-depth understanding of healthcare workers’ beliefs, motivations and behaviours affecting adequate provision of these services to adolescents in South Africa. METHODS: Twenty-four healthcare workers in public SRH services in Cape Town, South Africa participated in this qualitative study through focus group discussions. To fulfill the aims of this study, nine focus group discussions were conducted among the SRH nurses. RESULTS: SRH nurses indicated that they are experiencing challenges with the concept and practice of termination of pregnancy. They explained that this practice contradicted their opposing beliefs and values. Some nurses felt that they had insufficient SRH skills, which hinder their provision of adequate SRH services to adolescents, while others described constraints within the health system such as not enough time to provide the necessary care. They also explained having limited access to schools where they can provide SRH education and pregnancy prevention services in the surrounding area. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses are faced with numerous challenges when providing SRH services to adolescents. Providing the nurses with training programmes that emphasize value clarification may help them to separate their personal beliefs and norms from the workplace practice. This may help them to focus on the needs of the adolescent in a way that is beneficial to them. At the health systems level, issues such as clinic operating hours need to be structured such that the time pressure and constraints upon the nurse is relieved

Baltijas Psiholoģijas žurnāls

Contents: Viesturs Reņģe, Ivars Austers. Social Representations of Science and Psychology: Anchoring and Personification ; Aleksandrs Koļesovs. Gender Differences in Time Perspective of High School Students in Latvia ; Daina Škuškovnika. Comparison of State and Trait Anxiety of Latvians and Russians Residing in Latvia ; Mary Balaisis, Juris Dragūns, Solveiga Miezītis. Students’ Adjustment at Vilnius University: The Role of Self-Orientation, Locus of Control, Social Support and Demographic Variable

Sikap Petani Terhadap Program Perluasan Areal Tanam Baru (Patb) di Kecamatan Polokarto, Kabupaten Sukoharjo

Pandemi COVID-19 telah berdampak pada semua sektor dan telah menekan pertumbuhan ekonomi serta menimbulkan dampak sosial yang cukup luas. Sektor pertanian harus menjadi pengaman karena pangan menjadi kebutuhan prioritas yang harus dipenuhi masyarakat. Guna mengantisipasi adanya kekurangan pangan dan menjamin stok beras Nasional tahun 2020 Kementerian Pertanian melakukan terobosan melalui program Perluasan Areal Tanam Baru (PATB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi pembentukan sikap petani terhadap program PATB di Kecamatan Polokarto Kabupaten Sukoharjo, mengkaji sikap petani terhadap program PATB di Kecamatan Polokarto Kabupaten Sukoharjo, mengkaji hubungan antara faktor-faktor pembentuk sikap dengan sikap petani terhadap program PATB di Kecamatan Polokarto Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Lokasi penelitian ini ditentukan secara sengaja (purposive) yaitu di Kecamatan Polokarto Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah para petani di Kecamatan Polokarto Kabupaten Sukoharjo yang mengikuti program PATB. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan proportional random sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Rank Spearman untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor-faktor pembentuk sikap dengan sikap petani terhadap program PATB dengan program IBM SPSS Statistics. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor pembentuk sikap yang berhubungan sikap petani terhadap program PATB yaitu: pengalaman pribadi, pendidikan formal, pendidikan non formal, pengaruh orang lain yang dianggap penting. Sikap petani terhadap tujuan, pelaksanaan dan manfaat program PATB dalam kategori sangat setuju, artinya petani sangat setuju dengan adanya program PATB. Faktor pembentuk sikap yang tidak berhubungan dengan sikap petani terhadap program PATB yaitu keterpaan media massa.Pandemi Covid-19 telah berdampak pada semua sektor dan telah menekan pertumbuhan ekonomi serta menimbulkan dampak sosial yang cukup luas. Sektor pertanian harus menjadi pengaman karena pangan menjadi kebutuhan prioritas yang harus dipenuhi masyarakat. Guna mengantisipasi adanya kekurangan pangan dan menjamin stok beras Nasional tahun 2020 Kementerian Pertanian melakukan terobosan melalui program Perluasan Areal Tanam Baru (PATB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi pembentukan sikap petani terhadap program PATB di Kecamatan Polokarto Kabupaten Sukoharjo, mengkaji sikap petani terhadap program PATB di Kecamatan Polokarto Kabupaten Sukoharjo, mengkaji hubungan antara faktor-faktor pembentuk sikap dengan sikap petani terhadap program PATB di Kecamatan Polokarto Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Lokasi penelitian ini ditentukan secara sengaja (purposive) yaitu di Kecamatan Polokarto Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah para petani di Kecamatan Polokarto Kabupaten Sukoharjo yang mengikuti program PATB. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan proportional random sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Rank Spearman untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor-faktor pembentuk sikap dengan sikap petani terhadap program PATB dengan program IBM SPSS Statistics. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor pembentuk sikap yang berhubungan sikap petani terhadap program PATB yaitu: pengalaman pribadi, pendidikan formal, pendidikan non formal, pengaruh orang lain yang dianggap penting. Sikap petani terhadap tujuan, pelaksanaan dan manfaat program PATB dalam kategori sangat setuju, artinya petani sangat setuju dengan adanya program PATB. Faktor pembentuk sikap yang tidak berhubungan dengan sikap petani terhadap program PATB yaitu keterpaan media massa

The Diffusion of Flexibility: Estimating the Incidence of Low-Regulated Working Conditions

The purpose of this study is to determine the actual occurrences of flexible working conditions and to demonstrate an instrument for their assessment. Flexibility is discussed as a concept and defined in terms of deregulation of work, and a corresponding increase in self-government and ambiguity. Using empirical data from a national survey of the Swedish labor force, the results show that almost half (47%) of the jobs on the Swedish labor market can be characterized as low, or even unregulated. This means that almost half of the Swedish work force is subjected to working conditions involving a nonnegligible requirement for self-government

Experiences of the Postoperative Recovery Process: An Interview Study

Few researchers have described postoperative recovery from a broad, overall perspective. In this article the authors describe a study focusing on patient and staff experiences of postoperative recovery using a qualitative descriptive design to obtain a description of the phenomenon. They performed 10 individual interviews with patients who had undergone abdominal or gynecological surgery and 7 group interviews with registered nurses working on surgical and gynecological wards and in primary care centers, surgeons from surgical and gynecological departments, and in-patients from a gynecological ward. The authors analyzed data using qualitative content analysis. Postoperative recovery is described as a Dynamic Process in an Endeavour to Continue With Everyday Life. This theme was further highlighted by the categories Experiences of the core of recovery and Experiences of factors influencing recovery. Knowledge from this study will help caregivers support patients during their recovery from surgery

The Malcolm Baldrige Award: What Technology Managers Can Learn From Health Care Winners

The Malcolm Baldrige Award is the highest presidential award for quality in the United States. Since 2002 there have been 28 winners of the award: eight from the health care field and four from the manufacturing category. This study identifies significant characteristics of health care award winners that can translate into exceptional quality and revenue performance for technology managers in manufacturing