Diversity, resistance profiles and virulence of Enterococcus spp. from fecal samples of Tadarida brasiliensis urban bats (Brazilian free-tailed bats)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil dos enterococos em amostras de fezes de morcegos urbanos Tadarida brasiliensis coletadas no Rio Grande do Sul. Fezes de morcegos foram coletadas e submetidas à identificação das espécies de enterococos e teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos rifampicina, eritromicina, norfloxacino, ciprofloxacino, tetraciclina ampicilina, cloranfenicol, estreptomicina, gentamicina, linezolida, nitrofurantoína e vancomicina. A presença dos genes de resistência (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrC, vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3, tetM, tetM e tetS) e virulência (ace, agg, cylA, esp e gelE) foi determinada por PCR. Além disso, o DNA fecal foi extraído e submetido a qPCR e PCR para detectar as espécies E. casseliflavus, E.faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae e E. mundtii e os genes de resistência, respectivamente. Foram isolados 73 enterococos, sendo E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum e E. mundtii identificados. Fenótipos de resistência foram observados para rifampicina (n=53), eritromicina (n=32), norfloxacino (n=7), ciprofloxacino (n=6) e tetraciclina (n=1). Dos genes de resistência testados nos isolados resistentes, somente os genes ermC e tetM estavam presentes. Seis E. faecalis suscetíveis à vancomicina foram positivos para vanC1 e vanC2/3. Os genes gelE, ace, agg, cylA e esp foram detectados nos isolados. Nas amostras de DNA fecal, todas as espécies analisadas e os genes ermC, tetM, vanA, vanB e vanC2/3 foram observados. Como conclusão, diferentes espécies de enterococos estão presentes nas fezes de morcegos urbanos de T. brasiliensis. A presença de enterococos resistentes nestes animais pode estar relacionada com ação antropogênica e/ou ligada ao resistoma.We aimed to evaluate the profile of enterococci from fecal samples of urban bats Tadarida brasiliensis collected at Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Bat feces were collected and subjected to enterococci species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests for rifampicin, erythromycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, and vancomycin. The presence of resistance (ermA, ermC, ermB, msrC, vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3, tetM, tetM, and tetS) and virulence (ace, agg, cylA, esp, and gelE) genes was determined by PCR. In addition, fecal DNA was extracted and subjected to qPCR and PCR to detect the species E. casseliflavus, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae and E. mundtii, and resistance genes, respectively. A total 73 enterococci were isolated, of which E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, and E. mundtii were identified. Resistance phenotypes were observed for rifampicin (n= 53), erythromycin (n= 32), norfloxacin (n= 7), ciprofloxacin (n= 6) and tetracycline (n=1). Of the resistance genes tested in resistant isolates, only ermC and tetM were present. Six vancomycin-susceptible E. faecalis were positive for vanC1 and vanC2/3. Genes gelE, ace, agg, cylA and esp were detected in the isolates. In fecal DNA samples, all analyzed species and the genes ermC, tetM, vanA, vanB and vanC2/3 were observed. We conclude that different species of enterococci are present in feces of T. brasiliensis urban bats. The presence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in those animals may be related to anthropogenic action and/or linked to the resistome

Diversidade, perfis de resistência e virulência de Enterococcus spp. em fezes de morcegos urbanos Tadarida brasiliensis (Brazilian free-tailed bats)

 We aimed to evaluate the profile of enterococci from fecal samples of urban bats Tadarida brasiliensis collected at Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Bat feces were collected and subjected to enterococci species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests for rifampicin, erythromycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, and vancomycin. The presence of resistance (ermA, ermC, ermB, msrC, vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3, tetM, tetM, and tetS) and virulence (ace, agg, cylA, esp, and gelE) genes was determined by PCR. In addition, fecal DNA was extracted and subjected to qPCR and PCR to detect the species E. casseliflavus, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae and E. mundtii, and resistance genes, respectively. A total 73 enterococci were isolated, of which E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, and E. mundtii were identified. Resistance phenotypes were observed for rifampicin (n= 53), erythromycin (n= 32), norfloxacin (n= 7), ciprofloxacin (n= 6) and tetracycline (n=1). Of the resistance genes tested in resistant isolates, only ermC and tetM were present. Six vancomycin-susceptible E. faecalis were positive for vanC1 and vanC2/3. Genes gelE, ace, agg, cylA and esp were detected in the isolates. In fecal DNA samples, all analyzed species and the genes ermC, tetM, vanA, vanB and vanC2/3 were observed. We conclude that different species of enterococci are present in feces of T. brasiliensis urban bats. The presence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in those animals may be related to anthropogenic action and/or linked to the resistome. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil dos enterococos em amostras de fezes de morcegos urbanos Tadarida brasiliensis coletadas no Rio Grande do Sul. Fezes de morcegos foram coletadas e submetidas à identificação das espécies de enterococos e teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos rifampicina, eritromicina, norfloxacino, ciprofloxacino, tetraciclina ampicilina, cloranfenicol, estreptomicina, gentamicina, linezolida, nitrofurantoína e vancomicina. A presença dos genes de resistência (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrC, vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3, tetM, tetM e tetS) e virulência (ace, agg, cylA, esp e gelE) foi determinada por PCR. Além disso, o DNA fecal foi extraído e submetido a qPCR e PCR para detectar as espécies E. casseliflavus, E.faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae e E. mundtii e os genes de resistência, respectivamente. Foram isolados 73 enterococos, sendo E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum e E. mundtii identificados. Fenótipos de resistência foram observados para rifampicina (n=53), eritromicina (n=32), norfloxacino (n=7), ciprofloxacino (n=6) e tetraciclina (n=1). Dos genes de resistência testados nos isolados resistentes, somente os genes ermC e tetM estavam presentes. Seis E. faecalis suscetíveis à vancomicina foram positivos para vanC1 e vanC2/3. Os genes gelE, ace, agg, cylA e esp foram detectados nos isolados. Nas amostras de DNA fecal, todas as espécies analisadas e os genes ermC, tetM, vanA, vanB e vanC2/3 foram observados. Como conclusão, diferentes espécies de enterococos estão presentes nas fezes de morcegos urbanos de T. brasiliensis. A presença de enterococos resistentes nestes animais pode estar relacionada com ação antropogênica e/ou ligada ao resistoma

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activity from Algae of the Genus Caulerpa

Marine natural products have been the focus of discovery for new products of chemical and pharmacological interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the methanolic (ME), acetate (AE), hexanic (HE) and chloroform (CE) extracts obtained from Caulerpa mexicana, and ME, CE and HE obtained from Caulerpa sertularioides. These marine algae are found all over the world, mainly in tropical regions. Models such as the writhing test, the hot plate test and formalin-induced nociception test were used to evaluate antinociceptive activity in laboratory mice. In the writhing test, all the extracts were administered orally at a concentration of 100 mg/kg, and induced high peripheral antinociceptive activity, with a reduction in the nociception induced by acetic acid above 65%. In the hot plate test, treatment with extracts from C. sertularioides (100 mg/kg, p.o.) did not significantly increase the latency of response, although the ME, AE and HE from C. mexicana showed activity in this model. This result suggests that these extracts exhibit antinociceptive activity. In the formalin test, it was observed that ME, AE and HE obtained from C. mexicana reduced the effects of formalin in both phases. On the other hand only CE from C. sertularioides induced significant inhibition of the nociceptive response in the first phase. To better assess the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts, the carrageenan-induced peritonitis test was used to test Caulerpa spp. extracts on cell migration into the peritoneal cavity. In this assay, all extracts evaluated were able to significantly inhibit leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity in comparison with carrageenan. These data demonstrate that extracts from Caulerpa species elicit pronounced antinociceptive and anti-inflamatory activity against several nociception models. However, pharmacological and chemical studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive action and also to identify the active principles present in the Caulerpa species

The Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Caulerpin, a Bisindole Alkaloid Isolated from Seaweeds of the Genus Caulerpa

The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of caulerpin was investigated. This bisindole alkaloid was isolated from the lipoid extract of Caulerpa racemosa and its structure was identified by spectroscopic methods, including IR and NMR techniques. The pharmacological assays used were the writhing and the hot plate tests, the formalin-induced pain, the capsaicin-induced ear edema and the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Caulerpin was given orally at a concentration of 100 μmol/kg. In the abdominal constriction test caulerpin showed reduction in the acetic acid-induced nociception at 0.0945 μmol (0.0103–1.0984) and for dypirone it was 0.0426 μmol (0.0092–0.1972). In the hot plate test in vivo the inhibition of nociception by caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was also favorable. This result suggests that this compound exhibits a central activity, without changing the motor activity (seen in the rotarod test). Caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) reduced the formalin effects in both phases by 35.4% and 45.6%, respectively. The possible anti-inflammatory activity observed in the second phase in the formalin test of caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was confirmed on the capsaicin-induced ear edema model, where an inhibition of 55.8% was presented. Indeed, it was also observed in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis that caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, reducing significantly the number of recruit cells by 48.3%. Pharmacological studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions and also to identify other active principles present in Caulerpa racemosa

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Estudo do potencial antitumoral do óleo essencial das folhas de Lippia microphylla Cham. (Verbenaceae) e sua toxicidade

Cancer is a complex genetic disease that is a major public health problem worldwide accounting for about seven million of deaths each year. Many anticancer drugs currently used in clinical medicine have been isolated from plant species, or they are based on substances isolates of these species. But natural products, as anticancer agents, can also cause damage to the organism, requiring toxicity studies. Lippia microphylla is a plant popularly known as alecrim-de-tabuleiro, rarely reported in literature. There are several reports of constituents isolated from species of this genus that have antitumor activity, which sparked interest in the investigation of a possible antitumor activity of Lippia microphylla. Additionally, essential oils isolated from different species are known to have different biological activities, among them anticancer activity. Therefore this study aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity and toxicity of essential oil of this species through in vitro and in vivo. Initially was evaluated the in vitro antitumor activity against cell lines sarcoma 180 and K562. The IC50 values obtained were 100, 1 μg/mL and 60.05 μg/mL for the two strains respectively. Investigation of the mechanism of cytotoxicity (intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and involvement of oxidative stress) through supplementation of culture medium with cyclosporin A and the antioxidants glutathione and N-acetylcysteine resulted in IC50 of 118,3 μg/mL, 107,3 μg/mL e 109,2 μg/mL for sarcoma 180 respectively, and 51.94 μg/mL, 55.49 μg/mL and 94.18 μg/ml for K562, respectively. The CH50 value obtained in the experiment of cytotoxicity against erythrocytes was 300.2 μg/mL. In the evaluation of antitumor activity the in vivo inhibition rates of tumor growth were 38.2% for the dose of 50 mg/kg and 59.8% for 100 mg/kg of essential oil of Lippia microphylla (OEL). The toxicological analysis showed moderate gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity, and alterations in liver function, as evidenced by an increase in AST and ALT, corroborated with histopathological analysis, for both groups treated with OEL. However the changes are reversible and not considered substantial when compared with several widely anticancer drugs used in clinical medicine. Therefore, we can infer that the O.E.L. displays antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo with moderate toxicity, which is not a limiting factor for its possible pharmacology applicability.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO câncer é uma doença genética complexa que constitui um importante problema de saúde pública em todo mundo sendo responsável por cerca de sete milhões de óbitos a cada ano. Muitos dos fármacos antineoplásicos utilizados atualmente na clínica médica foram isolados de espécies vegetais ou são baseados em protótipos isolados das mesmas. Porém, agentes antineoplásicos, naturais ou sintéticos, podem ocasionar sérios danos ao organismo, o que justifica a necessidade de avaliação de sua toxicidade. Lippia microphylla é uma planta conhecida popularmente como alecrim-de-tabuleiro e é pouco relatada na literatura. Existem vários relatos de constituintes isolados de espécies desse gênero que apresentam atividade antitumoral, o que despertou o interesse para a investigação de uma possível atividade antitumoral de Lippia microphylla. Adicionalmente, óleos essenciais isolados de diferentes espécies, são conhecidos por apresentarem diferentes atividade biológicas, dentre elas atividade antitumoral. Diante disso, esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antitumoral e toxicidade do óleo essencial das folhas de L. microphylla (O.E.L.), através de ensaios in vitro e in vivo. Inicialmente foi avaliada a atividade antitumoral in vitro frente células das linhagens sarcoma 180 e K562. Os valores de CI50 obtidos foram de 100,1 μg/mL e 60,05 μg/mL para as duas linhagens, respectivamente. A investigação do mecanismo de citotoxicidade (via intrínseca da apoptose e envolvimento de estresse oxidativo) por meio da suplementação do meio de cultura com ciclosporina A (um inibidor do poro de transição de permeabilidade mitocondrial) e os antioxidantes glutationa e N-acetilcisteína resultou em CI50 de 118,3 μg/mL, 107,3 μg/mL e 109,2 μg/mL para a linhagem sarcoma 180, respectivamente, e 51,94 μg/mL, 55,49 μg/mL e 94,18 μg/mL para a linhagem K562, respectivamente. O valor de CH50 obtido no experimento de citotoxicidade frente eritrócitos de camundongos foi 300,2 μg/mL. Na avaliação da atividade antitumoral in vivo as taxas de inibição do crescimento tumoral foram de 38,2 % e 59,8 % para a dose de 50 mg/kg e 100 mg/kg do O.E.L., respectivamente. As análises toxicológicas demonstraram leve toxicidade gastrointestinal e hematológica, e alteração significativa na função hepática, evidenciada por aumento de AST e ALT, e corroborada com a análise histopatológica, para ambos os grupos tratados com o O.E.L. No entanto, as alterações são consideradas reversíveis e não substanciais quando comparados àquelas produzidas por diversos antineoplásicos largamente utilizados na clínica médica. Portanto, é possível inferir que o O.E.L. apresenta atividade antitumoral in vitro e in vivo com moderada toxicidade, o que não representa um fator limitante para sua aplicabilidade terapêutica

Avaliação da toxicidade e atividade antitumoral de nanopartículas de óxido de cério associados ao óxido de zinco

Nanomedicine is the use of nanomaterials in developing new therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. However, despite the advantages and different applications of nanoparticles, they also have potential toxic effects that should be properly assessed before use. Metal oxides and, in particular, metal oxide nanoparticles have many applications. Among them, cerium oxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide have shown different pharmacological activities, both alone, and in combination with each other. Cancer is a complex genetic disease which is a major public health problem worldwide, one of the leading causes of death in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and antitumor activity in vivo of cerium oxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide association (NCZ). Initially it was evaluated the acute preclinical toxicity orally with estimated NCZ LD50 above 2000 mg/kg, therefore, the sample is considered to have low toxicity in our experimental conditions. Subsequently it was performed the evaluation of repeated doses toxicity study (28 days) of NCZ by oral route. The treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the consumption of water and feed, significant increase in enzyme activity of ALT and AST, significant decrease of urea, significant increase in the total white blood cell count, significant decrease in thymus index, significantly increased of ambulation and a decrease in time of self-cleaning and withdrawals. The study of acute toxicity by intraperitoneal route, the LD50 of NCZ was estimated at about 300 mg/kg enabling the choice of doses to be used in the study of antitumor activity. NCZ showed significant antitumor activity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model (EAC) at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, considering the mass, tumor volume and total cell parameters. In the investigation of its mechanism of action was observed that NCZ increased the percentage of cells in sub-G1 phase, decreased microvessel peritoneal vascular, as well promoted an increased in the concentration of IL-1, IL-10, TNF- and IFN-. It was also evaluated the toxicity of NCZ in animals with EAC submitted to antitumor treatment for nine days. It was observed a significant decrease in feed intake, significant increase in ALT activity, significant decrease in serum urea concentration, significant increase in serum creatinine and significant increase in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin. According to the results, we can infer that NCZ has low toxicity and significant antitumor activity in vivo with mechanism of action probably related to interference with the progression of the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, increased immune response and antiangiogenic action.A nanomedicina consiste na utilização de nanomateriais no desenvolvimento de novas modalidades terapêuticas e de diagnóstico. Todavia, apesar das vantagens e diferentes aplicações das nanopartículas, estas também possuem potenciais efeitos tóxicos que devem ser devidamente avaliados antes de sua utilização. Óxidos de metais e, em especial, nanopartículas de óxido de metais possuem várias aplicações. Dentre eles o óxido de zinco e nanopartículas de óxido de cério já demonstraram diversas atividades farmacológicas tanto de forma isolada, quanto em associação entre si. Especialmente para nanopartículas de óxido de cério, vários estudos mostram seu potencial antitumoral. O câncer é uma doença genética complexa que constitui um importante problema de saúde pública em todo mundo, sendo uma das principais causas de morte no Brasil. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade e atividade antitumoral in vivo de nanopartículas de óxido de cério associadas ao óxido de zinco (NCZ). Inicialmente foi avaliada a toxicidade pré-clínica aguda, por via oral, com estimativa de DL50 para NCZ acima de 2000 mg/kg sendo, portanto, a amostra considerada de baixa toxicidade nas condições experimentais avaliadas. Em seguida foi realizada a avaliação da toxicidade pré-clínica de doses repetidas (28 dias) de NCZ, por via oral. O tratamento resultou em diminuição significativa no consumo de água e ração, ureia, índice do timo e tempo de auto-limpeza e levantamentos, assim como resultou em um aumento significativo na atividade enzimática de ALT e AST, contagem total de leucócitos e ambulação. No estudo de toxicidade aguda por via intraperitoneal de NCZ a DL50 foi estimada em torno de 300 mg/kg possibilitando a escolha das doses a serem utilizadas no estudo de atividade antitumoral. NCZ apresentou significante atividade antitumoral em modelo de Carcinoma Ascítico de Ehrlich (CAE) nas doses de 10, 20 e 40 mg/kg, considerando os parâmetros massa e volume tumoral, bem como total celular. Na investigação de seu mecanismo de ação foi observado que NCZ aumentou a percentagem de células na fase sub-G1, reduziu a microdensidade vascular peritoneal, bem como aumentou a concentração de IL-1, IL-10, TNF- e IFN-. Foi avaliada ainda, a toxicidade de NCZ nos animais com CAE submetidos ao tratamento antitumoral de nove dias, sendo observada uma diminuição significativa no consumo de ração e na concentração sérica de ureia, assim como resultou em aumento significativo na atividade da ALT, concentração sérica de creatinina e hemoglobina corpuscular média. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, é possível inferir que NCZ apresenta baixa toxicidade e significante atividade antitumoral in vivo com mecanismo de ação provavelmente relacionado a uma interferência na progressão do ciclo celular com indução de apoptose, aumento da resposta imune antitumoral e ação antiangiogênica

Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes Found in Essential Oils

Cancer is a complex genetic disease that is a major public health problem worldwide, accounting for about 7 million deaths each year. Many anticancer drugs currently used clinically have been isolated from plant species or are based on such substances. Accumulating data has revealed anticancer activity in plant-derived monoterpenes. In this review the antitumor activity of 37 monoterpenes found in essential oils is discussed. Chemical structures, experimental models, and mechanisms of action for bioactive substances are presented

Diversidade, perfis de resistência e virulência de Enterococcus spp. em fezes de morcegos urbanos Tadarida brasiliensis (Brazilian free-tailed bats)

 We aimed to evaluate the profile of enterococci from fecal samples of urban bats Tadarida brasiliensis collected at Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Bat feces were collected and subjected to enterococci species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests for rifampicin, erythromycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, and vancomycin. The presence of resistance (ermA, ermC, ermB, msrC, vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3, tetM, tetM, and tetS) and virulence (ace, agg, cylA, esp, and gelE) genes was determined by PCR. In addition, fecal DNA was extracted and subjected to qPCR and PCR to detect the species E. casseliflavus, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae and E. mundtii, and resistance genes, respectively. A total 73 enterococci were isolated, of which E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, and E. mundtii were identified. Resistance phenotypes were observed for rifampicin (n= 53), erythromycin (n= 32), norfloxacin (n= 7), ciprofloxacin (n= 6) and tetracycline (n=1). Of the resistance genes tested in resistant isolates, only ermC and tetM were present. Six vancomycin-susceptible E. faecalis were positive for vanC1 and vanC2/3. Genes gelE, ace, agg, cylA and esp were detected in the isolates. In fecal DNA samples, all analyzed species and the genes ermC, tetM, vanA, vanB and vanC2/3 were observed. We conclude that different species of enterococci are present in feces of T. brasiliensis urban bats. The presence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in those animals may be related to anthropogenic action and/or linked to the resistome. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil dos enterococos em amostras de fezes de morcegos urbanos Tadarida brasiliensis coletadas no Rio Grande do Sul. Fezes de morcegos foram coletadas e submetidas à identificação das espécies de enterococos e teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos rifampicina, eritromicina, norfloxacino, ciprofloxacino, tetraciclina ampicilina, cloranfenicol, estreptomicina, gentamicina, linezolida, nitrofurantoína e vancomicina. A presença dos genes de resistência (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrC, vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3, tetM, tetM e tetS) e virulência (ace, agg, cylA, esp e gelE) foi determinada por PCR. Além disso, o DNA fecal foi extraído e submetido a qPCR e PCR para detectar as espécies E. casseliflavus, E.faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae e E. mundtii e os genes de resistência, respectivamente. Foram isolados 73 enterococos, sendo E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum e E. mundtii identificados. Fenótipos de resistência foram observados para rifampicina (n=53), eritromicina (n=32), norfloxacino (n=7), ciprofloxacino (n=6) e tetraciclina (n=1). Dos genes de resistência testados nos isolados resistentes, somente os genes ermC e tetM estavam presentes. Seis E. faecalis suscetíveis à vancomicina foram positivos para vanC1 e vanC2/3. Os genes gelE, ace, agg, cylA e esp foram detectados nos isolados. Nas amostras de DNA fecal, todas as espécies analisadas e os genes ermC, tetM, vanA, vanB e vanC2/3 foram observados. Como conclusão, diferentes espécies de enterococos estão presentes nas fezes de morcegos urbanos de T. brasiliensis. A presença de enterococos resistentes nestes animais pode estar relacionada com ação antropogênica e/ou ligada ao resistoma