EFFECT OF HEAT-TREATMENT ON PHASE RELATIONSHIPS, MICROSTRUCTURES AND HARDNESS OF Co-Cr-Mo ALLOYS

The effect of heat-treatment on phase relationships, microstructures and hardness of Co-Cr-Mo alloys were investigated in detail. The samples were produced by investment casting technique and subsequently solutionized (1240 °C for 4 h) and aged (720 °C for 2, 4, 8 and 16 h). Phase analysis of the samples were performed via X-ray diffraction analysis, microstructural examination were done by light optical and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructures of as-cast and short-time (2 and 4 h) aged samples were composed of FCC γ-Co matrix phase and fine M23C6 (where M= Co, Cr and Mo) precipitates. Increasing the aging time to 8 and 16 h led to partial transformation of FCC γ-Co matrix phase into HCP ε-Co phase. The volume fraction of ε-Co phase increased with increasing aging time. Moreover, hardness of the Co-Cr-Mo samples were significantly enhanced with formation of ε-Co phase

Üç meziyobukkal kanallı maksiller birinci moların endodontik tedavisi, bir olgu raporu

Amaç: Bu olgu raporunun amacı, ayrı kanal ağızları bulunan üç meziyobukkal kanallı bir maksiller birinci büyük azı dişinin başarılı endodontik tedavisini sunmaktır. Olgu bildirimi: 18 yaşında bayan hasta, şiddetli ağrı şikâyetleriyle kliniğimize başvurdu. Klinik muayenede 16 numaralı dişin kök kanal tedavisine daha önce başlanıldığı gözlendi. Diş perküsyona, soğuğa ve sıcağa karşı duyarlılık gösteriyordu. Radyografik muayenede distobukkal kök kanalında kırık bir endodontik alet tespit edildi. Derinlemesine kliniksel ve radyolojik muayeneden sonra diş endodontik tedaviye alındı. Başlayan endodontik tedavi ile dişte hiç preparasyon yapılmamış iki meziyobukkal kanal ağzı varlığı görüldü. Endodontik alet kırığı kanaldan çıkarılamasa da aletin yanından geçilerek apikal daralıma ulaşıldı. Kök kanalları gutta percha ve sealer ile dolduruldu. Diş kompozit rezin ile restore edildi. Sonuç: Tedaviden 6 ay sonraki takip randevusunda perküsyon ve palpasyon hassasiyeti olmadığı gözlendi ve bu randevuda alınan takip radyografisi herhangi bir periradiküler lezyon varlığını göstermedi

Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Radical Prostatectomy: A Turkish Multicenter Study

Objective: The present study examines the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on radical prostatectomy performed as part of localized prostate cancer treatment in Turkey. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was made of the data of 176 patients from 8 centers in Turkey who underwent radical prostatectomy due to localized prostate cancer over the 2 years spanning March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2021. Within this timeframe, March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2020, was denoted the 1-year pre-coronavirus disease 2019 period, while March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, was denoted the 1-year coronavirus disease 2019 period. An analysis was made of whether there was a difference in the number of radical prostatectomies performed for prostate cancer, the time from biopsy to operation, and the biopsy and radical prostatectomy pathology between the 2 periods. Results: It was found that the number of radical prostatectomies performed for localized prostate cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was statistically and highly significantly fewer than in the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 period (P < .001). The patients diagnosed with Gleason 3 + 3 (low risk) prostate cancer were statistically significantly fewer in number in the coronavirus disease 2019 period (P < .001). The pathological Gleason score was upgrading than the biopsy Gleason score in all patients who underwent in both periods (P < .001). When the periods were compared, the pathological involvement determined by lymph node dissection performed during radical prostatectomy was found to be decreased in the coronavirus disease 2019 period, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = .051). Conclusion: As with many diseases, the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer have been adversely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. © 2022, AVES. All rights reserved

Cause of nephrotıc syndrome at a case admitted about leukocytoclastic vasculitis: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Lökositoklastik vaskulit vücuttaki küçük damarların inflamasyonu anlamına gelmektedir. Genellikle ciltte özellikle bacaklarda belirti verir ancak vücudun diğer bölgelerinde de ortaya çıkabilir. Klinik pratikte en yaygın görülen vaskulittir. Lökositoklastik vaskulit pek çok nefrolojik hastalıklarla birlikte seyredebilir. Ancak lökositoklastik vaskulit olarak gelen nefrotik sendromlu hastada fokal segmental glomerüloskleroz görülmesi beklenmeyen bir durumdur. Fokal segmental glomerülosklerozda glomerüler hasara ve glomerüloskleroza yol açan etyolojik ajanlar veya mekanizmaların çoğu bilinmemektedir. Onsekiz yaşında her iki üst ve alt ekstremitelerde döküntü ve kızarıklık, her iki bacaklarda şişlik şikayetleri ile kliniğimize başvuran hastaya lökositoklastik vaskulit tanısı konuldu. Nefrotik düzeyde proteinürisi olan hastanın böbrek biyopsisinde ise fokal segmental glomeruloskleroz tespit edildi.Leukocytoclastic vasculitis refers to the inflammation of small blood vessels in the body. It usually manifests in the skin, particularly in the legs, but it may also occur in other areas. It is the most common vasculitis seen in clinical practice. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis can progress together with many nephrological diseases. However, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is unexpected cause of nephrotic syndrome at a case admitted about leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Etiologic agents or mechanisms that initiate glomerular injury and lead to glomerulosclerosis are largely unknown in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. An eighteen years old patient who presented to our clinic with skin eruption and rushes of both lower and upper extremities and edema of lower extermities had been diagnosed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient with nephrotic range proteinuria, renal biopsy reveal

Talent management motives and practices in an emerging market: A comparison between MNEs and local firms

This paper compares the differences in talent management motivations and practices between MNEs and local firms in the emerging market of Turkey. It uses institutional theory and the resource based view of the firm to explain these differences. Examining data from 201 firms the findings show significant differences between the talent management motives of MNEs and local firms, with MNEs having more tactical motivations for their talent management systems. The study also shows significant differences in the talent management practices between MNEs and local firms, with MNEs implementing more robust systems of talent management overall. The findings indicate that the motives for TM and the practices that are pursued by organizations are society-bound. The study of TM motives and practices has to be framed within the context of the institution as this shapes the way in which actors perceive and respond to environmental and organizational stimuli and the extent to which they seek to protect the rules that shape and structure their environments

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The concept of money according to Islam (history, definition and functions)

"İslâm'a göre para kavramı", zihinlerde İslâm'ın paraya bakış açısını çağrıştırmaktadır. Bu nedenle tezde İslâm tarihinde paranın tarihi gelişimi, klasik hukuk kitaplarında çeşitli konularla ilgili olarak ele alınmış parayla ilgili genel prensipler ve hükümler üzerinde durulmuş; zaman zaman günümüz iktisat çalışmalarına da atıflar yapılarak mukayeseler yapılmıştır. Tezin birinci bölümünde, beşerî iktisatta para sistemleri ve paranın gelişimine değinilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, İslâm öncesi Arap toplumunda ve İslâm'ın zuhurundan sonra para konulan ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde müslüman toplumlarda para kavramı, zekat, sarf (paranın parayla değişimi), ribâ (faiz) gibi parayla ilgili hükümler incelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde ise, paranın fonksiyonları ele alınmış, değer ölçüsü olma, tasarruf aracı olma ve mübadele aracı olma fonksiyonları incelenmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde ise varılan neticeler maddeler halinde belirtilmiştir."Money Concept in Islam" is closely related to Islamic view of money. Therefore historical evaluation of money in the history of Islam, money and related subjects in the early Islamic law works together with some references to modern studies on economics are examined in the thesis. Chapter one deals with the place of money systems and their developments in the modern economic systems. İn chapter two, the invention of money and money in the Arab societies before and after the rise of Islam are explained. Chapter three examines the subjects that are closly related to money such as the concept of money, zekat (alms giving), sarf (exchange) and faiz (interest). Chapter four is on the functions of money as a means of savings, exchange and value determination. Conclusion enumarates the results of this study

Glenoid cavity, morphometric analysis of multidedector tomography

Yüksek Lisans TeziÇalışmamız Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Meram Tıp Fakültesi Radyoloji Anabilim Dalı'ndaki Multidedektör BT kullanılarak 391 bireyin skapulaları (197 erkek, 194 kadın) ölçülmüştür. Cavitasglenoidalis uzunluğu, cavitasglenoidalis genişliği, cavitasglenoidalis çevresi, cavitasglenoidalis derinliği, glenoid çentiğe sahip ise çentik seviyesindeki cavitasglenoidalis genişliği, cavitasglenoidalisindex'i, maksimum scapula uzunluğu ve maksimum scapula genişliği ölçülmüştür. Ölçümler sağ ve sol scapulalar da ayrı ayrı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Cavitasglenoidalistiplendirmesi sağ ya da sol scapulaya göre yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz IBM SPSS Statistics21.0 ile yapılmıştır. Erkeklerin yaş aralığı 9-94, yaş ortalaması ise 60.28±15.43; kadınların yaş aralığı 10-92, yaş ortalaması ise 58.82±16.38 olarak tespit edilmiştir.Ölçüm yapılacak bölgelerde kırık olan scapula ve zarar görmüş cavitasglenoidalis'ler çalışmaya dâhil edilmemiştir. Çalışmamızda cavitasglenoidalis uzunluğu erkeklerde 4.16±0.30, kadınlarda 3.64±0.24 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu mesafe sağda 3.92±0.38, solda 3.88±0.37 olarak saptanmıştır. Cavitasglenoidalis genişliğine dair veriler ise erkeklerde 2.86±0.23, kadınlarda 2.44±0.20 olarak tespit edilmiş, ayrıca çalışmamızda CGG sağda 2.66±0.31, solda 2.64±0.29 olarak bulunmuştur. Cavitasglenoidalisdernliği erkeklerde 0.45±0.12, kadınlarda 0.38±0.09 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızdaki çentik seviyesindeki anteroposteriorgenişlik değerleri ise sağda 1.92±0.22, solda 1.88±0.21 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ölçülen scapula genişliği ise . erkeklerde 10.67±0.67, kadınlarda 9.49±0.60 , sağ ve sol değerleri ise sırasıyla 10.05±0.84, 10.12±0.89 'dır. Scapula uzunluğu ise çalışmamızda ise erkeklerde 16.04±1.04, kadınlarda 14.01±0.93 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca aynı ölçüm parametresi sağda 15.00±1.41, solda 15.08±1.42 olarak bulunmuştur. Cavitasglenoidalis şekillerine göre yapılan tiplendirmede erkek %52.2 armut tipi, %28.0 ters virgül tipi, %19.8 oval tipi, kadınlarda %54.1 armut tipi, %28.9 ters virgül tipi, %17.0 oval tipi bulunmuştur. Çentik sayıları göz önüne alındığında ise sağ tarafın %87'sinin çentikli, %13'ünün çentiksiz, sol tarafın ise %87.5'inin çentikli, %12.5'sinin çentiksiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Literatürlerden farklı olarak erkek ve kadınların sağ-sol indekslerine de bakılmıştır. İndeks değerleri erkeklerde sağda %68.74±5.31, solda %68.91±6.16; kadınlarda sağda %67.08±4.70, solda %67.35±4.75 olarak tespit edilmiştirIn our study, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty in Radiology Department Multidector CT scan 391 individuals scapulae (197 males, 194 females) were measured. Glenoid cavity length, glenoid cavity width, glenoid cavity circumference, glenoid cavity depth, glenoid wedge width, cortical glenoidalis width, cortical glenoidalis index, maximum scapula length and maximum scapula width were measured. Measurements were performed separately on the right and left scapulas. Typing of glenoid cavity was done on the right or left scapula. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. The age range of males was 9-94, the mean age was 60.28 ± 15.43; The age range of the women was determined as 10-92, and the average age was determined as 58.82 ± 16.38. The scapula and the damaged glenoid cavity fractures were not included in the study areas. The length of the glenoid cavity in our study was 4.16 ± 0.30 in males and 3.64 ± 0.24 in females. This distance was 3.92 ± 0.38 on the right and 3.88 ± 0.37 on the left. Glenoid cavity width was found to be 2.86 ± 0.23 in males and 2.44 ± 0.20 in females. Also in our study, CGG was 2.66 ± 0.31 on the right and 2.64 ± 0.29 on the left. Glenoid cavity association was 0.45 ± 0.12 in males and 0.38 ± 0.09 in females. The anteroposterior width values ​​at the notch level of our study were 1.92 ± 0.22 on the right and 1.88 ± 0.21 on the left. The measured width of the scapula is. 10.67 ± 0.67 for males, 9.49 ± 0.60 for females and 10.05 ± 0.84 and 10.12 ± 0.89 for right and left, respectively. The length of the scapula was 16.04 ± 1.04 for males and 14.01 ± 0.93 for females. In addition, the same measurement parameters were found to be 15.00 ± 1.41 on the right and 15.08 ± 1.42 on the left. According to Glenoid cavity types, male 52.2% pear type, 28.0% reverse coma type, 19.8% oval type, 54.1% pear type, 28.9% reverse comma type and 17.0% oval type were found in male, female. When the numbers of notches are taken into consideration, it is determined that 87% of the right side is notched, 13% is notched, 87.5% is notched and 12.5% ​​is notched on the left side. Unlike literature, the left and right indices of men and women are also examined. The index values were 68.74 ± 5.31% in the right and 68.91 ± 6.16% in the left in males; 67.08 ± 4.70% on the right and 67.35 ± 4.75% on the left in women