Investigating the Management of the Formation of Habermas Public Sphere Theory in Instagram and Telegram Networks

The purpose of this study is to examining the management of the formation of Habermas public Sphere theory in Instagram and Telegram networks. The research method is survey. Statistical Society of this research is the users of social networks (telegram and Instagram). according to the Cochrane formula statistical sample is 384 people. Using purposive non-random sampling method the Statistical samples was selected and the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method. The results showed that There is a significant relationship between free access to the Internet and social networks, rational critique of political economic social and cultural issues, rational criticism of the government, free dialogue and the formation of the public sphere. There is a difference between the formation of the public Sphere in social networks and the level of education. There is a difference between the formation of the public Sphere in social networks and individuals' age, but There is not much difference between the formation of the public Sphere in social networks and gender

Benign Enlargement of Subarachnoid Space in Infancy: “A Review with

Objective:Macrocephaly are among the most frequent reasons for referral to a pediatric neurologist.Benign enlargement of subarachnoid spaces (BESS) in infancy is a most common cause of macrocephaly and is characterized by excess cerebrospinal fluid (csf) in the subarachnohd spaces.In this review, we described epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, neuroimaging, treatment and outcome of entity from current literature.Materials & MethodsWe searched the related papers in electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus .Key words for searching were benign enlargement of subarachnoid spaces in infancy, external hydrocephaly and neuroimaging.ResultsThe related data focusing on the etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, neuroimaging, treatment and outcome with emphasis on diagnostic work up were gathered and described.ConclusionBESS is most common cause of macrocephaly in infancy . It is characterized dy macrocephaly , excess csf in subarachnoid spaces and normal ventricles or mild ventricolomegaly.  Self-limited disorder in infancy ,mostly in  male and  with familial tendency  and normal or  mildly delay motor or language delay.Mostly favorable  prognosis without need  treatment.Neuroimaging is essential for diagnosis and selection of useful tool  and close observation of patient is necessary  and sufficient for follow up. It is best way from economic points and reduce hazards of inappropriate  neuroimaging

Vaccine Development Against Leishmania donovani

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum/chagasi represents the second most challenging infectious disease worldwide, leading to nearly 500,000 new cases and 60,000 deaths annually. Zoonotic VL caused by L. infantum is a re-emergent canid zoonoses which represents a complex epidemiological cycle in the New world where domestic dogs serve as a reservoir host responsible for potentially fatal human infection and where dog culling is the only measure for reservoir control. Life-long immunity to VL has motivated development of prophylactic vaccines against the disease but very few have progressed beyond the experimental stage. No licensed vaccine is available till date against any form of leishmaniasis. High toxicity and increasing resistance to the current chemotherapeutic regimens have further complicated the situation in VL endemic regions of the world. Advances in vaccinology, including recombinant proteins, novel antigen-delivery systems/adjuvants, heterologous prime-boost regimens and strategies for intracellular antigen presentation, have contributed to recent advances in vaccine development against VL. Attempts to develop an effective vaccine for use in domestic dogs in areas of canine VL should be pursued for preventing human infection. Studies in animal models and human patients have revealed the pathogenic mechanisms of disease progression and features of protective immunity. This review will summarize the accumulated knowledge of pathogenesis, immune response, and prerequisites for protective immunity against human VL. Authors will discuss promising vaccine candidates, their developmental status and future prospects in a quest for rational vaccine development against the disease. In addition, several challenges such as safety issues, renewed and coordinated commitment to basic research, preclinical studies and trial design will be addressed to overcome the problems faced in developing prophylactic strategies for protection against this lethal infection

Evasion of Host Defence by Leishmania donovani: Subversion of Signaling Pathways

Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are responsible for causing a variety of human diseases known as leishmaniasis, which range from self-healing skin lesions to severe infection of visceral organs that are often fatal if left untreated. Leishmania donovani (L. donovani), the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, exemplifys a devious organism that has developed the ability to invade and replicate within host macrophage. In fact, the parasite has evolved strategies to interfere with a broad range of signaling processes in macrophage that includes Protein Kinase C, the JAK2/STAT1 cascade, and the MAP Kinase pathway. This paper focuses on how L. donovani modulates these signaling pathways that favour its survival and persistence in host cells

Efficient one-pot, four-component synthesis of N,N-dibenzyl-N-{1-[5-(3-aryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]cyclobutyl}amine derivatives from the reaction of (isocyanoimino)triphenylphosphorane, dibenzylamine, an aromatic carboxylic acid and cyclobutanone

Four-component reaction of cyclobutanone, dibenzylamine and (Nisocyanimino) triphenylphosphorane in the presence of aromatic carboxylic acids proceed smoothly at room temperature and under neutral conditions to afford N,N-dibenzyl-N-{1-[5-(3-aryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]cyclobutyl}amine derivatives in high yields

Comparison of regular aerobic and yoga on the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis

Background: The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by fatigue, motor weakness, and spasticity, to name a few. MS symptoms may lead to physical inactivity associated with the development of secondary diseases. This study was to investigate the effect of regular aerobic and yoga on the quality of life of patients with MS. Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 90 patients with chronic MS chosen randomly and divided into two test and one control groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 11.5) through paired t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc. Results: There were no significant differences among the scores of quality of life in the three groups prior to investigation. Although they were significant after intervention. The mean score of yoga group was higher than that of aerobic group, and aerobic group showed a higher mean score compared with the control. Conclusion: Yoga and aerobic exercises may improve quality of life in patients with MS. It is highly recommended that the governor along with MS societies and other organizations servicing and supporting patients start to develop sport-regulated programs to help improve quality of life for these patients

Catalytic dehydrogenation of amine borane complexes

A method of generating hydrogen includes the steps of providing an amine borane (AB) complex, at least one hydrogen generation catalyst, and a solvent, and mixing these components. Hydrogen is generated. The hydrogen produced is high purity hydrogen suitable for PEM fuel cells. A hydrolytic in-situ hydrogen generator includes a first compartment that contains an amine borane (AB) complex, a second container including at least one hydrogen generation catalyst, wherein the first or second compartment includes water or other hydroxyl group containing solvent. A connecting network permits mixing contents in the first compartment with contents in the second compartment, wherein high purity hydrogen is generated upon mixing. At least one flow controller is provided for controlling a flow rate of the catalyst or AB complex

Dynamicity of immune regulation during visceral leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne tropical disease associated with a spectrum of clinical manifestations and immunosuppression leading to parasite survival. Chemokines which act as chemo-attractants for generating innate immune responses are significant in bringing innate and adaptive responses side by side for combating against infection. The independency and interdependency of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells on Th1/Th2 signalling pathways and an imbalance in immune responses could lead to disease progression. Although Interleukin- (IL-)12 is crucial in generating protective Th 1 response against the disease, various members of the IL-12 family perform diverse immune functions due to their chain pairing promiscuity. This review focuses on the immunopathogenesis of VL by chronologically summarising the developments in the studies of the immune regulation as well as the mechanisms involved. A better understanding of the innate and adaptive immune functioning of the host could aid in rational control and better therapeutic intervention of the disease

The Effect of Combined Exercise with Coffee Consumption on Fasting Blood Sugar Levels and Abdominal Obesity in Overweight Middle-aged Prediabetic Men

Pre-diabetes is defined as an increase in blood glucose levels above normal, but not to the extent that it is considered diabetes. One way to control the progression of diabetes is to eat a healthy diet and exercise. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined exercise and coffee consumption on fasting blood sugar and middle-aged pre diabetic men. In this study, 44 overweight middle-aged men with (body mass index of 28.3 ± 2.8 kg / m2) were purposefully selected and randomly divided into four groups of 11: Exercise Combination, coffee consumption, combined exercise + coffee consumption and control group were divided. Pre-test and post-test groups including weight, body mass index, percentage of fasting fat and blood glucose were measured 24 hours before and after the project. The training groups then performed the training protocol for 8 weeks, three sessions per minute and 90 minutes each session. The coffee and exercise + coffee group consumed 10 grams of coffee every other day. Data were analyzed using covariance test and significance level of 0.05. The results showed a significant decrease in body mass index, fat percentage and serum concentration of fasting blood glucose in the exercise groups compared to the control group (P> 5%). This study showed that combined exercise with coffee can be effective in controlling fasting blood sugar and abdominal obesity

How real is real: attitudes towards realism in selected post-war British fiction

Despite its apparent precision in meaning, realism as a once-held literary school of thought provokes controversies regarding its basic definition and the works attributed to it. This is particularly the case with the postmodern use of the term, most specifically in relation to fiction, with realism generally asserted as the traditional language of the genre. This paper is an attempt to discuss the implication and tenets of realism, its progress and changes, in selected works of post-war British fiction. Accordingly, Graham Greene’s The Power and the Glory, Mervyn Peake’s Gormenghast, and Ian McEwan’s Atonement are dealt with to trace realism within their respective modes of new realism, fantastic-grotesque and postmodern metafiction. Having survived the early twentieth century allure of modernism, realism has gradually evolved into a new identity capable of emerging in and mingling with new modes prevalent in postmodern fiction. Owing to the spirit of the time immediately following the Second World War and the particularities of different authors, the postmodern realism has gone beyond a mere portrayal of the objective world and is in demand of a refreshed understanding of the new outlooks contemporary realism has the potentiality to offer