Nutritional Management of Prefattening and Fattening Stages ot an Integrated Swine Farm

The aim of this paper is to assess economic and biologic feasibility of different feed categories in swine prefattening and fattening stages. Equally important is to quantify the contribution of nutrients, digestible energy, and crude proteins based on conventional raw materials (corn and soybean), as well as nonconventional ones (parted rice, fat and sunflower meal). A composition analysis was made, and rations for pigs were simulated in the abovementioned stages. According to the standard supplies, the protein levels found in the commercial feed type were either excessive or deficient at times in relation to animal requirements. The costs of production were subsequently increased, and nutritional unbalances were observed, making feed rations costlier than the feeds made for the stages under the study, using nonconventional raw materials

Nutritional Management During Gestation and Lactation on an Integrated Swine Farm. Case study

On the Rescate de Sanguily swine farm, of the Swine Company of Camagüey, whose purpose is to prefatten pigs for fattening agreements with farmers, the nutrition of breeding sows and the feasibility of using alternative rations or nonconventional products for nutrition were partially assessed during gestation and lactation. The protein and energy values were higher than the requirements set up for these categories. Replacement of commercial feed by two types of feeds was simulated with the use on nonconventional raw materials during pig gestation and lactation. The goal was to assess the possibility to cut down on the costs of nutrition, close the gap between the requirements and nutrient contribution (CP and DE), and convenience of its inclusion of roughages on the breeder´s diet. A comparison of the costs per ton of feedstuffs showed a difference toward nonconventional products, which may offer some selection criteria to farmers, provided that they are willing to implement diversifying strategies on their farms, or sign agreements with farms seeking profits for the two entities

Relationship between internal root resorption and dens in dente

The aim is to report the treatment and follow-up of three lateral incisors with internal root resorption and dens in dente as a possible cause for their development, managed by root canal treatment and apical obturation with MTA or gutta-percha. This case report presents three clinical cases in which dens invaginatus type 2 is shown as a potential cause for the development of internal root resorption. Two cases were filled with a MTA apical plug technique and one with gutta-percha, and all were follow-up through time. The incidence of the association of internal root resorption with dens invaginatus may be underestimated and should be studied

Discrepâncias Entre o Tipo de Conexão Interna e Externa em Implantologia Osteointegrada

Pode-se dizer que a conexão do implante seria como a cabeça do referido implante, que é feito para diminuir a tensão no componente protético e na interface do implante osso, possibilitando a estabilidade da prótese. A prótese é ligado ao implante osteointegrado através da ligação, que pode ser externa ou interna, por cima vai pilar protético no qual a coroa é colocada com um parafuso que passa através do pilar ao implante. A ligação externa compreende inicialmente um hexágono 0,7 milímetros de altura, e o sextavado componente anti rotação é característico desta conexão, os implantes de ligação interna alguns anos mais tarde aparecem como uma alternativa para resolver ou melhorar alguns problemas surgidos com a conexão externa, tal como afrouxamento do parafuso, a ligação interna é um sextavado interior ou octógono na qual temos um encosto mais preciso, assim, tende a diminuir o seu movimento de rotação e, assim, menos tendência para parafuso afrouxamento Outra opção dentro da conexão interna seria um cone interno de 8 "ou 11" graus que é chamado de conexão cone morse. Nesta revisão bibliográfica é feito conhecer aspetos fundamentais na implantologia como biomecânica dos implantes, partes do implante e fundamentalmente os tipos de conexões do implante, queremos conhecer suas diferenças e sua evolução por meio de uma intensa revisão de artigos com as palavras-chave escolhidos e para que possamos ter uma opinião baseada em evidências científicas para levá-lo ao nosso futuro profissional. Palavra-chave: Implantes dentários, conexão externa, conexão interna, biomecânica Objetivo: Conheça as diferenças entre os tipos de conexão existentes, Saber qual é o mais recomendado e por quê ou pelo contrário que não tem relevância na hora de escolher o tipo de conexão, visualizar o resultado obtido pelos autores dos artigos que escolhemos e a diferença entre o tipo de conexão. Materiais e Métodos: Para a realização deste trabalho foram pesquisados artigos em diferentes bancos de dados como UK Pubmed Central, google acadêmico, PubMed usando palavras-chave. Discussão: Normalmente a escolha do desenho do implante e sua conexão é escolhida pelo profissional com base em sua experiência, porém o sistema de conexão da prótese de implante é um fator importante que está sujeito a alterações no osso que envolve o implante. Dentro desta discussão temos que diferenciar aspetos biomecânicos e aspetos biológicos, isto é, filtração bacteriana; em relação ao estresse biomecânico e distribuição de força devemos levar em conta o comportamento mecânico dos tipos de conexões a essas forças para faça a melhor escolha. A adaptação do abutment na conexão é fundamental para a estabilidade na interface implante-pilar e para a filtração bacteriana, uma vez que é diretamente proporcional ao tamanho do microgap existente, a presença deste microgap pode distribuir incorretamente o estresse em nossa conexão, com um aumento significativo em torno do osso ao redor do implante. O sucesso do tratamento com implantes é baseado em ter um ajuste preciso entre o implante e a prótese para manter a "osseointegração" do nosso implante, portanto, dependendo da conexão que usamos pode influenciar positiva ou negativamente a infiltração bacteriana na interface do implante pilar . Conclusão: Na escolha do tipo de conexão a utilizar sobre um implante, a mais vantajosa parece ser a conexão cónica por suas características, mas devemos considerar nosso sucesso muitos outros fatores

Adecuación de los ingresos por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes procedentes de urgencias de un hospital de 2º nivel

Dado que la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad es uno de los principales problemas de salud mundial y supone un elevado coste socioeconómico, además de tratarse de una patología con elevada mortalidad y alta incidencia, he podido observar que a la hora del manejo de esta enfermedad, la decisión de tratamiento ambulatorio o ingreso hospitalario es clave. A pesar de que poseemos escalas pronósticas en las que apoyarnos a la hora de decidir un manejo u otro, existe una gran variabilidad de los porcentajes de pacientes hospitalizados entre unos centros hospitalarios y otros, por lo que he decidido valorar la adecuación de los ingresos por neumonía en urgencias de un hospital de 2º nivel, en pacientes mayores de 18 años, basándome en la regla de clasificación pronóstica de FINE modificada y la escala CURB 65 en los últimos dos años

Incorporación de Ti(III) en aluminofosfatos cristalinos y su comportamiento catalítico en reacciones de oxidación selectiva

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Inorgánica. Fecha de lectura: 20-11-2015This work focuses on the development of a synthesis procedure for the preparation of Ti-doped microporous aluminophosphate (TAPO) materials, by means of the isomorphic substitution of Al(III) atoms in tetrahedral sites by Ti(III) atoms. The main aim consists on modifying the chemical environment of the resultant titanium centers with respect to those in the conventional TAPO materials, prepared with Ti(IV), in an attempt to enhance their catalytic behavior and reduce its difference with the one shown by Ti-zeolites in liquid phase oxidation reactions. The materials have been synthesized using two Ti(III) sources, different titanium contents and different structure directing agents, to generate the so-called Ti(III)APO materials. They have been prepared with several structures, mainly AlPO- 5 (AFI) and to a lesser extent with AlPO-11 (AEL) and AlPO-41 (AFO) structures. The characterization of the materials obtained by hydrothermal treatment of the synthesis gels prepared under nitrogen atmosphere, in order to minimize Ti(III) oxidation before its incorporation in the structure, confirms the presence of those ions. This is also visible at first sight by the purple color of the samples. On the other hand, the characterization shows the changes in the TAPO materials framework caused by the incorporation of Ti(III), as the different crystal morphology, the modification of the phosphorous environment or the high hydration degree of the materials. The analysis of the results allows proposing the incorporation mechanisms of this heteroatom, being favored the formation of environments Ti(OP)4, by substitution of isolated Al(III), which lead to Ti–OH y P–OH species, by oxidation of these Ti(III) atoms when the sample is exposed to air. However, Ti–O–Ti species are also likely if a partial oxidation of Ti(III) atoms to Ti(IV) takes place during the synthesis process. The proportion of both mechanisms is, in some way, regulated by the titanium content. The catalytic behavior of the materials has been studied in the oxidation reaction of cyclohexene with H2O2 as oxidant and acetonitrile as solvent. It has been observed that the presence of water in the reaction media reduces considerably the catalytic activity of the Ti(III)APO materials. This effect has led to the design of a procedure for the removal of the water that accompanies the commercial oxidant H2O2 30 wt. %, by a Soxhlet system and molecular sieve 3A as selective adsorbent. This procedure allows removing around 90 % of the water present. Furthermore, a reproducible quantification method of water and H2O2 has been developed by means of FTIR spectroscopy. The catalytic activity studies show that titanium centers in Ti(III)APO-5 materials are more active than those in the conventional Ti(IV)APO-5, and the first ones can reach similar conversion rates to those of the Ti-beta zeolite under anhydrous reaction conditions. The Ti(III)APO-5 materials are highly selective to the allylic oxidation products, and 2-cyclohexenyl hydroperoxide is the main one. In addition, synthesis strategies to enhance the stability of Ti(III) and favor its incorporation in the AlPO4 framework in that oxidation state have been designed. The synthesis were carried out, on the one hand, with urea as complexing agent of Ti(III) and, on the other hand, with addition of HCl to the initial gel. The former have given rise to the crystallization of AlPO-15 structure instead of AlPO-5. The latter have not had a significant effect on Ti(III) incorporation, but on its textural properties leading to higher conversion of cyclohexene over these materials. On the other hand, an additional modification of the titanium coordination environment, as well as of the hydrophilic degree of the materials, was caused by the addition of a silicon source together with the Ti(III) one. The synthesis gels were prepared in aqueous and in biphasic media, making use of synthesis strategies of SAPO materials. The presence of silicon induces the Ti(III) incorporation in isolated Al(III) sites and, furthermore, some Ti–O–Si are formed, while there is no evidence of the existence of Ti(OSi)4 environments. This synthesis strategy has led to titanium centers with higher intrinsic activity than those in the Si-free Ti(III)APO-5 materials. The crystallization of the AlPO-11 or the AlPO-41 structures seems to be directed by the Ti(III) content in the synthesis gel, being favored the latter at higher content. The intrinsic activity of the titanium centers in the Ti(III)APO-11 and Ti(III)APO-41 materials, especially in the first ones, is higher than that in the Ti(III)APO-5 in the oxidation reaction of cyclohexene. Nevertheless, the chemical nature of the active centers is similar in the three materials, since all of them selectively lead to the allylic oxidation productsConcesión del CSIC de una beca JAE-Predoc para la realización de esta tesis y la financiación de las estancias en el extranjero y de los Ministerios de Ciencia e Innovación y de Economía y Competitividad de los proyectos MAT2009-13569 y MAT2012-31127 que han permitido la financiación de este trabaj

Diseño de una motocicleta de competición infantil para su implementación en un entorno de realidad aumentada = Design of a kid´s racing motorcycle for implementation in an Augmented Reality environment

[ES] La realidad aumentada es una tecnología que está en continuo aumento debido a las grandes posibilidades que ofrece en cuanto al ensayo de nuevos objetos, visualizaciones previas antes de lanzar un nuevo producto al mercado y otras múltiples opciones. En este proyecto se realiza el diseño de una motocicleta de competición de estilo infantil para su posterior visualización mediante una aplicación Android gracias a la tecnología de Realidad Aumentada. Los softwares empleados para la creación del modelo de motocicletas utilizados se han basado en el diseño CAD, centrando el trabajo en el programa SolidWorks para la elaboración de un producto que cumpla con los requisitos de calidad buscados

Manejo alimentario en las etapas de preceba y ceba en una unidad integral de producción porcina.

Con el objetivo de evaluar la factibilidad económica y biológica del uso de piensos por categorías en lugar del empleo de un pienso único en las etapas de preceba y ceba porcina, y de hacer una cuantificación global del aporte de los nutrientes, energía digestible y proteína bruta, a partir de materias primas convencionales (maíz y soya) y no convencionales (arroz partido, sebo, harina de girasol), se realizó un análisis de composición y se simularon raciones para cerdos en las etapas mencionadas. Se pudo apreciar que conforme a las normas de entrega de la unidad productora,los niveles de proteína que se encontraron en las raciones de pienso tipo único presentan por etapas déficits o excesos de nutrientes de acuerdo a las requerimientos de los animales; esto provoca encarecimiento de la actividad productiva y desbalances nutricionales y deja claro que estas raciones son más caras que las de piensos con la inclusión de materias primas no convencionales.Nutritional Management in the Prefattening and Fattening Stages on an Integrated Swine Far. ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to assess economic and biologic feasibility of different feed categories in swine prefattening and fattening. Equally important is to quantify the contribution of nutrients, digestible energy, and raw proteins based on conventional raw materials (corn and soybean), as well as nonconventional ones (parted rice, fat and sun flower meal). A composition analysis was made, and rations for pigs were simulated in the abovementioned stages. According to the standard supplies, the protein levels found in the singletype feed were either excessive or deficient at times, in relation to the animal requirements. The costs of production were subsequently increased, and nutritional unbalances were observed, making feed rations costlier than the feeds made for the stages under the study, using nonconventional raw materials

Medida del cortisol en saliva como herramienta para detectar cambios en el bienestar del elefante asiático y el rinoceronte indio en un parque zoológico

Póster enviado a XI Congreso Nacional y VIII Iberoamericano de Etología, Puerto de la Cruz (Tenerife), 19-22 septiembre 2006La Estación Biológica Terra Natura (CIBIO – Fundación Terra Natura) Universidad de Alicante, está llevando a cabo un proyecto de medida del estrés de los rinocerontes indios (Rhinoceros unicornis) y los elefantes asiáticos (Elephas maximus) del parque zoológico Terra Natura a través del cortisol presente en saliva para detectar cambios en el bienestar de estos animales. Para ello se ha desarrollado un método junto con el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante para analizar el cortisol salivar del elefante asiático y el rinoceronte indio en el que se les extrae saliva diariamente mediante el kit de tubos Salivette de los que se obtiene la muestra de saliva por centrifugación y el cortisol es analizado por radioinmunoensayo. Tras un año de estudio, se han detectado valores de cortisol superiores durante el periodo de apertura del parque a los niveles de hormona que tenían los individuos antes y después de la apertura. En base a estos resultados se introdujeron técnicas de enriquecimiento ambiental como troncos para su manejo, comida escondida tras las rocas de la instalación para que tengan que buscarla, espacios de sombra para resguardarse del sol y frutas en las piscinas para el baño, que contribuyeron en el descenso de la media del nivel de cortisol a la mitad, reduciéndose de este modo el nivel de estrés de los animales. Es la primera vez que estas técnicas se emplean en testar el enriquecimiento ambiental en animales en cautividad.Estación Biológica Terra Natura (Fundación Terra Natura - CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante