Nightside condensation of iron in an ultra-hot giant exoplanet

Ultra-hot giant exoplanets receive thousands of times Earth's insolation. Their high-temperature atmospheres (>2,000 K) are ideal laboratories for studying extreme planetary climates and chemistry. Daysides are predicted to be cloud-free, dominated by atomic species and substantially hotter than nightsides. Atoms are expected to recombine into molecules over the nightside, resulting in different day-night chemistry. While metallic elements and a large temperature contrast have been observed, no chemical gradient has been measured across the surface of such an exoplanet. Different atmospheric chemistry between the day-to-night ("evening") and night-to-day ("morning") terminators could, however, be revealed as an asymmetric absorption signature during transit. Here, we report the detection of an asymmetric atmospheric signature in the ultra-hot exoplanet WASP-76b. We spectrally and temporally resolve this signature thanks to the combination of high-dispersion spectroscopy with a large photon-collecting area. The absorption signal, attributed to neutral iron, is blueshifted by -11+/-0.7 km s-1 on the trailing limb, which can be explained by a combination of planetary rotation and wind blowing from the hot dayside. In contrast, no signal arises from the nightside close to the morning terminator, showing that atomic iron is not absorbing starlight there. Iron must thus condense during its journey across the nightside.Comment: Published in Nature (Accepted on 24 January 2020.) 33 pages, 11 figures, 3 table

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Variações nos níveis de elementos minerais após aplicações de 2,4-D em progênies de Eucalyptus grandis

O Brasil triplicou sua produção florestal de eucalipto desde 1970, alcançando médias de 45m3.ha-1.ano-1. Muitos avanços técnicos contribuíram para esta produtividade, dentre eles a utilização de herbicidas para o controle de plantas daninhas, evitando assim grande parte da matocompetição e melhor desenvolvimento do vegetal quanto à iluminação e assimilação de nutrientes. O produto 2,4-D destaca-se como herbicida seletivo às dicotiledôneas utilizado nas grandes culturas, dentre elas está a cultura do eucalipto. O 2,4-D também pode ser usado como regulador vegetal, auxina (Ax), podendo gerar incrementos nutricionais e auxiliar no desenvolvimento morfológico do vegetal após testes preliminares para obtenção de dosagem ideal. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência e as interações entre a obtenção de dosagem ideal, à espécie e estágio de desenvolvimento (mudas), no primeiro teste do produto 2,4-D como regulador vegetal, para posteriormente ser aplicado em teste de progênies de Eucalyptus grandis para estimar os parâmetros genéticos quantitativos. Os experimentos foram realizados no viveiro de mudas do Departamento de Ciências Florestais – FCA/UNESP, Botucatu-SP. Utilizando mudas procedentes do Horto Florestal de Itatinga. Os delineamentos utilizados 2 foram em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições para o primeiro teste, com 25 indivíduos por bloco, totalizando 150 indivíduos. E para o teste de progênies foram usadas 20 progênies em três repetições, totalizando 960 plantas. A avaliação de médias para o primeiro teste foi realizada pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, com o programa estatístico ASSISTAT 7.6 beta e para o teste de progênies foram obtidos os parâmetros genéticos quantitativos pelo programa computacional SELEGEN. Como fatores norteadores após 15 dias da aplicação do produto foram avaliados...The Brazil tripled its eucalyptus production reaching averages 45m3.ha-1.year-1 in comparison to 70's decade. Many technical advances have contributed to this productivity, among it the use of herbicides for weed control, thus avoiding much of the weed competition and better development of the plant as the lighting and nutrient assimilation. The 2,4-D product stands out as selective herbicide for broadleaved used in major crops, among them is the cultivation of eucalyptus. 2,4-D may also be used as plant growth regulator like synthetic auxin (Ax) and may generate nutritional helper increases and the morphological development of the plant after preliminary testing to obtain optimal dosage. This study aimed to evaluate the influence and interactions between obtaining optimal dosing in the first test of 2,4-D product as plant growth regulator, to subsequently be applied in progeny test of Eucalyptus grandis to estimate quantitative genetic parameters. The experiments were performed in the seedling nurseries of the Department of Forest Sciences - FCA / UNESP, Botucatu-SP. Using seedlings coming from Horto de Itatinga. The designs were used in a randomized block design with five treatments and five repetitions for the first test, with 25 trees each, totaling 150 individuals. And for the 20 progenies progeny tests were used in three replications, totaling 960 plants. The rating average for the first test was performed by Tukey test at 5% probability, with the 7.6 beta ASSISTAT statistical program and the progeny test with the obtention the quantitative genetic parameters were obtained by SELEGEN computer program. As guiding factors after 15 days of product application were evaluated macro and micronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in plant tissues of aerial part and performed evaluations of characters morphological as height and diameter and direct measurements of dry ..

Crescimento e produção de genótipos de bananeiras em clima subtropical Growth and production of banana genotypes in subtropical climate

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características de crescimento e o potencial produtivo de genótipos de bananeira em Botucatu/SP. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento, tais como altura de planta, circunferência do pseudocaule, número de folhas e número de dias entre o florescimento e a colheita. Estas medidas foram realizadas na emissão da inflorescência. Foram mensuradas também as características de produção, como peso do cacho, número de frutos, peso médio dos frutos, produtividade, número de pencas; peso, número, comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos da 2a penca. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualisado, com 11 tratamentos (genótipos), cinco repetições e duas plantas úteis por parcela experimental. Os genótipos que apresentaram melhor desempenho agronômico, dentro de cada grupo genômico, foram 'Grand Naine'(AAA), 'Thap Maeo' (AAB) e 'Fhia 01' (AAAB).The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth characteristics and the productive potential genotypes of banana tree in Botucatu/SP. It was evaluated growth characteristics such as plant height, pseudostem circumference, number of leaves, number of days between flowering and harvest, measured at the flowering time. It was also measured production characteristics, such as bunch weight, number fruits, average weight of the fruits, productivity, number of hands and weight, number, length and diameter of the 2nd bunch. The experimental design was completely randomized with 11 treatments (genotypes), five replications and two plants per plot. The genotypes that showed the better agronomic performance within each genomic group were 'Grand Naine'(AAA), 'Thap Maeo' (AAB) e 'Fhia 01' (AAAB)

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