PERCEPÇÃO DOS INTEGRANTES DA RELIGIÃO AFRO-BRASILEIRA SOBRE O USO DA FITOTERAPIA EM FORTALEZA/CE

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a percepção dos integrantes de um terreiro de Candomblé/Umbanda sobre os tratamentos fitoterápicos utilizados em Fortaleza, Ceará. Refere-se a um estudo do descritivo e exploratório, orientado pelo procedimento etnográfico. Avaliou-se 12 integrantes entre 25 e 75 anos, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os registros foram aferidos pelo método da Análise de Discurso Crítico (ADC). A densidade da religião afro-brasileira revela a importância da imersão da pesquisa na análise, na tentativa de apreciar suas práticas de tratamento com as plantas e sua dinâmica social numa perspectiva de saúde. No acolhimento aos fieis que procuram o Candomblé para livrá-los de algum “mal” de saúde, o babalorixá os trata comumente com preparos de plantas nativas, tradição africana vida da escravidão que foi transmitida bem como adaptada oralmente. Nisso, investigamos com o sacerdote sobre a “cura” fitoterápica no Candomblé, evidenciou-se assim que a força da religião está na prática dos banhos com o uso auxiliar de chás, associado com a fé, e que a procura maior é para solucionar problemas psíquicos e amorosos, geralmente, depressão, insônia ou visões. Verificou-se a necessidade de trabalhar cientificamente essas temáticas. Isso com capacitação e empoderamento profissional, pois com o pertencimento sociocultural pode se gerir com mais equidade a saúde dessas comunidades.

Anatomy Teaching at the School of Health Sciences of University of Minho

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Características físico-químicas e perfil lipídico do leite de cabras mestiças Moxotó alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com óleo de semente de algodão ou de girassol

O efeito da suplementação com óleos de algodão e de girassol sobre a composição do leite foi testado em cabras mestiças Moxotó alimentadas com cinco dietas: controle, sem adição de óleo; adição de óleo de algodão a 3%; óleo de algodão a 5%; óleo de girassol a 3%; e óleo de girassol a 5% (%MS). Foram utilizadas dez cabras em lactação, confinadas, distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos (5 × 5), com 12 dias de adaptação e três dias de coleta em cada período. A suplementação com óleo de algodão a 5% MS elevou o teor de gordura (4,99%) e de extrato seco total (13,48%) do leite, mas não alterou a concentração dos demais componentes. A adição de 5% de óleo de girassol, no entanto, promoveu aumento na concentração do ácido linolênico (C18:3). A adição de óleo vegetal em dietas para cabras nativas promoveu aumento do percentual de gordura no leite e aumento nos teores de ácidos graxos insaturados resultando em um produto de melhor qualidade para a saúde humana

Características físico-químicas e perfil lipídico do leite de cabras mestiças Moxotó alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com óleo de semente de algodão ou de girassol Physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of milk of crossbred Moxotó goats supplemented with cottonseed or sunflower oil

O efeito da suplementação com óleos de algodão e de girassol sobre a composição do leite foi testado em cabras mestiças Moxotó alimentadas com cinco dietas: controle, sem adição de óleo; adição de óleo de algodão a 3%; óleo de algodão a 5%; óleo de girassol a 3%; e óleo de girassol a 5% (%MS). Foram utilizadas dez cabras em lactação, confinadas, distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos (5 &times; 5), com 12 dias de adaptação e três dias de coleta em cada período. A suplementação com óleo de algodão a 5% MS elevou o teor de gordura (4,99%) e de extrato seco total (13,48%) do leite, mas não alterou a concentração dos demais componentes. A adição de 5% de óleo de girassol, no entanto, promoveu aumento na concentração do ácido linolênico (C18:3). A adição de óleo vegetal em dietas para cabras nativas promoveu aumento do percentual de gordura no leite e aumento nos teores de ácidos graxos insaturados resultando em um produto de melhor qualidade para a saúde humana.<br>The effects of cottonseed and sunflower oil supplementation on milk composition were tested using crossbred Moxotó goats. Experimental diets were as follows: control, without addition of oil; addition of 3% cottonseed oil; 5% cottonseed oil; 3% sunflower oil and 5% sunflower oil (%DM). Ten confined lactating goats were allotted to a double Latin square experimental design (5 &times; 5). Each period was comprised by 12 days of adaptation to the diet and three days of sampling in each period. Cottonseed oil supplementation at 5 %DM increased the fat content (4.99%) and the total solid (13.48%) of milk. However, the addition of sunflower oil at 5% promoted an increase in the linolenic acid (C18:3) concentrations. Therefore, the vegetal oil addition in diets for native goats promoted an increase in the percentage of milk fat and in unsaturated fatty acid contents in milk, resulting in a product of better quality for the human health

Palmitoleic acid reduces high fat diet-induced liver inflammation by promoting PPAR-γ-independent M2a polarization of myeloid cells

Palmitoleic acid (POA, 16:1n-7) is a lipokine that has potential nutraceutical use to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We tested the effects of POA supplementation (daily oral gavage, 300 mg/Kg, 15 days) on murine liver inflammation induced by a high fat diet (HFD, 59% fat, 12 weeks). In HFD-fed mice, POA supplementation reduced serum insulin and improved insulin tolerance compared with oleic acid (OA, 300 mg/Kg). The livers of POA-treated mice exhibited less steatosis and inflammation than those of OA-treated mice with lower inflammatory cytokine levels and reduced toll-like receptor 4 protein content. The anti-inflammatory effects of POA in the liver were accompanied by a reduction in liver macrophages (LM, CD11c+; F4/80+; CD86+), an effect that could be triggered by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, a lipogenic transcription factor upregulated in livers of POA-treated mice. We also used HFD-fed mice with selective deletion of PPAR-γ in myeloid cells (PPAR-γ KOLyzCre+) to test whether the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of POA are dependent on macrophages PPAR-γ. POA-mediated improvement of insulin tolerance was tightly dependent on myeloid PPAR-γ, while POA anti-inflammatory actions including the reduction in liver inflammatory cytokines were preserved in mice bearing myeloid cells deficient in PPAR-γ. This overlapped with increased CD206+ (M2a) cells and downregulation of CD86+ and CD11c+ liver macrophages. Moreover, POA supplementation increased hepatic AMPK activity and decreased expression of the fatty acid binding scavenger receptor, CD36. We conclude that POA controls liver inflammation triggered by fat accumulation through induction of M2a macrophages independently of myeloid cell PPAR-γ.</p

Características físico-químicas e perfil lipídico do leite de cabras mestiças Moxotó alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com óleo de semente de algodão ou de girassol Physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of milk of crossbred Moxotó goats supplemented with cottonseed or sunflower oil

O efeito da suplementação com óleos de algodão e de girassol sobre a composição do leite foi testado em cabras mestiças Moxotó alimentadas com cinco dietas: controle, sem adição de óleo; adição de óleo de algodão a 3%; óleo de algodão a 5%; óleo de girassol a 3%; e óleo de girassol a 5% (%MS). Foram utilizadas dez cabras em lactação, confinadas, distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos (5 &times; 5), com 12 dias de adaptação e três dias de coleta em cada período. A suplementação com óleo de algodão a 5% MS elevou o teor de gordura (4,99%) e de extrato seco total (13,48%) do leite, mas não alterou a concentração dos demais componentes. A adição de 5% de óleo de girassol, no entanto, promoveu aumento na concentração do ácido linolênico (C18:3). A adição de óleo vegetal em dietas para cabras nativas promoveu aumento do percentual de gordura no leite e aumento nos teores de ácidos graxos insaturados resultando em um produto de melhor qualidade para a saúde humana.<br>The effects of cottonseed and sunflower oil supplementation on milk composition were tested using crossbred Moxotó goats. Experimental diets were as follows: control, without addition of oil; addition of 3% cottonseed oil; 5% cottonseed oil; 3% sunflower oil and 5% sunflower oil (%DM). Ten confined lactating goats were allotted to a double Latin square experimental design (5 &times; 5). Each period was comprised by 12 days of adaptation to the diet and three days of sampling in each period. Cottonseed oil supplementation at 5 %DM increased the fat content (4.99%) and the total solid (13.48%) of milk. However, the addition of sunflower oil at 5% promoted an increase in the linolenic acid (C18:3) concentrations. Therefore, the vegetal oil addition in diets for native goats promoted an increase in the percentage of milk fat and in unsaturated fatty acid contents in milk, resulting in a product of better quality for the human health