Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Hyoliths from the Bystraya Formation (Cambrian Series 2) of eastern Transbaikalia (Zabaykalsky Krai), Siberia

The hyolith fauna of the middle Bystraya Formation (Cambrian Series 2) of eastern Transbaikalia (Zabaykalsky Krai), Siberia, includes at least 17 described taxa distributed between the orders Hyolithida and Orthothecida. Species of Microcornus, Parkula, Conotheca, Neogloborilus and Cupitheca are widely reported from Cambrian strata elsewhere. Triplicatella uslonica sp. nov. is known only from Transbaikalia. Dauritheca is proposed as a replacement generic name for the junior homonym Pachytheca, originally described from Xinjiang, China, and its range is extended to Transbaikalia. A conch with prominent comarginal ribs is referred to Salanytheca daurica sp. nov., a genus otherwise known from the early Cambrian of Mongolia and northern Siberia

A new record of the enigmatic mollusc Jinonicella from the Silurian of the Carnic Alps, Austria

The small enigmatic mollusc Jinonicella kolebabai Pokorny, 1978 is described from the upper Silurian Cardiola Formation at the Rauchkofel Sud section of the Carnic Alps, Austria. The associated conodonts suggest a late Ludlow (Ludfordian) Polygnathoides siluricus conodont Zone. Previous Silurian records of Jinonicella are known from the Wenlock to Ludlow of the Czech Republic, USA, Gotland of Sweden and the Carnic Alps of Austria. The wide distribution of this taxon across different climatic zones and widely separated areas in the Silurian is problematic, and it is unclear whether Jinonicella was present in high-latitude areas before the end-Ordovician cooling and mass extinction or was dispersed during the Silurian. Possible planktotrophy in Jinonicella and Silurian ocean circulation patterns may explain the dispersal, but within the framework of current palaeogeographical reconstructions the model does not adequately explain an equatorial to polar distribution of other contemporaneous benthic faunas from these areas

The Middle Ordovician Jinonicella (Mollusca) from Belarus and Ukraine

The oldest known specimens of the enigmatic mollusc Jinonicella kolebabai PokornATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE, 1978 are redescribed from Middle Ordovician strata of Ukraine and Belarus. The phosphatic internal moulds preserve imprints of growth lines, hitherto only documented in Silurian specimens. The persistent distribution of Jinonicella in the Baltoscandian basin of the Russian Platform suggests that this was the centre of origin of this taxon. During the Silurian, Jinonicella inhabited Siberia and Laurentia, and the smaller European terranes of Bohemia and the Carnic Alps. In the Devonian, Jinonicella is reported from Laurentia, Bohemia and the Rhenish Massif

New data on the problematic mollusc Jinonicella from the early Silurian of east Siberia

Jinonicella kolebabai Pokorný, 1978, a small problematic “mollusc” of unknown origin is described from the early Silurian (early to mid Llandovery) of east Siberia. This is the first record of Jinonicella from Siberia. Previous Silurian records of Jinonicella were from the late Llandovery (Telychian) of North America and the Wenlock to Ludlow of Europe (Bohemia, Gotland and the Carnic Alps of Austria). Jinonicella shows a wide range of geographic and stratigraphic distribution. It was reported from three palaeocontinents and several smaller terranes. It also demonstrates adaptation to different environments from shallow to deep-water settings, and spans several climatic zones from equatorial to temperate belts. The wide distribution and adaptation to a broad range of environments allow Jinonicella to subsist for about 100 my, i.e., from the Middle Ordovician to the Late Devonian surviving through two major extinction events

A pelagic myodocopid ostracod from the Silurian of Arctic Russia

The Silurian myodocope ostracod Richteria migrans is reported from Arctic Russia, from Kotel’ny Island (New Siberian Islands) and the Taimyr Peninsula in strata of Ludfordian (late Ludlow, Late Silurian) age. These occurrences extend the biogeographical range of R. migrans from tropical to mid latitudes of the Early Palaeozoic Rheic Ocean in the palaeo-Southern Hemisphere, into subtropical regions of the palaeo-Northern Hemisphere on, or adjacent to, the Siberia Palaeocontinent. The new records reinforce the idea that R. migrans had wide dispersal capacity and probably possessed a pelagic lifestyle. It also endorses the use of R. migrans as a biostratigraphical marker fossil for the Ludfordian Stage, Ludlow Series, Upper Silurian