Fractional composition of beer wort with different proportions of unmalted barley in the mash and their influence on processes during mashing

Background: The background of this research lies in the pivotal role of protein breakdown during the mashing process for producing high-quality beer. Abnormal protein degradation can adversely impact beer properties and stability. This study explores the effects of different heat treatment temperatures on unmalted barley, aiming to enhance our understanding of how such treatments influence the fractional nitrogen composition of beer wort, thus contributing to improved brewing practices and product quality.Methods: The methodology includes complex research steps, including malt preparation, mash production, and a thorough analysis of nitrogen fractions, which allows for a detailed study of the dynamics of proteolysis during beer mashing.Results: In the obtained results, evaluating the amine nitrogen content in wort through chemical analysis unveils a consistent amine nitrogen level when thermal treatment of unmalted mash occurs between 100-138°C. Beyond this range, as the processing temperature of unmalted mash increases, there is a subsequent decrease in amine nitrogen content. Despite the efficient hydrolytic cleavage of starch in unmalted raw material due to elevated temperature treatment, the nitrogen content of the beer wort remains largely unaffected.Conclusion: The authors conclude that increasing the heat treatment temperature of unmalted barley has a significant impact on the total soluble nitrogen content in the resulting beer wort. This increase is mainly attributed to the high-molecular-weight nitrogenous substances of fraction A, showcasing the potential for controlled proteolysis. Furthermore, the study suggests that achieving optimal proteolysis by employing malt with high proteolytic activity and conducting proteolysis of unmalted barley proteins prior to heat treatment enhances the overall brewing process.Keywords: Brewing; Unmalted Barley; Mash; Wort; Heat Treatment; Fractional Composition; Nitrogenous Substances

Strength research working equipment of rotary snow blower

The article presents the results of theoretical studies aimed at studying the issue of increasing the efficiency of a rotary snowplow. A list of possible indicators used as performance criteria is presented, characterizing both individual subsystems and a separate system as a whole, in the field of road, construction and municipal vehicles. As a criterion for the efficiency of the working equipment of a rotary snowplow, from the presented list, in this case, the power expended on transporting the snow mass was selected. Graphical dependences are presented that reflect the values of the forces of normal reaction of the side surface of the cutter of the feeder and graphical dependences of the maximum value of the normal reaction force of the supporting surface of the feeder on the size of the transported particles. Cartograms of the average values of the forces of normal reactions of the supporting surface and the side surface for particles with a characteristic size of 0.03 m are shown, built on the basis of the results of spatial averaging of the calculation results. The influence of the characteristic dimensions of transported particles on the performance indicators of the working equipment of a rotary snowplow is considered. The regularities established as a result of a comparative analysis of the averaged values over space and the average total values over time for both the supporting and side surfaces of the working equipment of a rotary snowplow are presented

GEOMETRIC AND KINEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FEEDER AND THROWER OF MILLING AND ROTARY SNOWBLOWER

Introduction. Questions of the maintenance of territories and road network in winter conditions are directly connected with timely and qualitative clearing of roads and territories of snow. Designing and creation effective milling and rotary snowblowers, which work includes some technological operations on snow cleaning, consist in a correct choice of geometrical and kinematic parameters of basic elements. At a design stage the technique, allowing to carry out a choice of the basic technological parameters of such vehicles is necessary and further it would allow to make optimization directly. The purpose of this paper is representation of dependences of the basic technological parameters of the milling and rotary snowblowers and sequence of their choosing.Materials and methods. The paper presents analytical equations connecting geometrical and kinematic characteristics of the feeder, the thrower of milling and rotary snowblower from conditions of maintenance of identical productivity. Moreover, the analysis of the received equations and dependences by choice milling and rotary snowblower parameters is presented. Sequences of the basic geometrical and kinematic parameters’ influence on each other are revealed.Results. As a result, the comparative estimation of the offered and existing equations is made. The character of dependence of angular speed of the throwing device rotation on translational speed of the milling and rotary snowblower and width of the rotor blade is established. On the basis of the received dependences the algorithm of the basic technological parameters’ choice on the milling and rotary snowblowers, proceeding from the minimization condition of the initial parameters’ task are considered.Discussion and conclusion. The presented dependences allow to spend effectively outline designing of new constructions of milling and rotary snowblowers and to carry out optimisation of existing models of milling and rotary snowblowers

Hiilidioksidin vienti Venäjälle ja viennin kehittämissuunnitelma

Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tehdä markkinatutkimus Oy Woikoski Ab:lle nestemäisen hiilidioksidin viennistä Venäjän Karjalan ja Murmanskin alueelle. Opinnäytetyön toisena tavoitteena oli kehittää etabloitumissuunnitelma Oy Woikoski Ab:lle sekä tutkia mahdollisia toimintamuotoja Venäjän markkinoilla. Päätavoitteena oli saada mahdollisimman kattava käsitys, joka käsittelee suurimmat kaasuntuottajat Luoteis-Venäjällä, niiden markkinaosuudet, paikallisten yritysten kaasutarpeet sekä mahdolliset toimintamallit viennissä Venäjälle. Tutkimuksessa haluttiin nostaa esille seikkoja, jotka tuottavat haasteita nestemäisten kaasujen viennille.The purpose of this thesis was to carry out a study for Oy Woikoski Ab on exporting liquid gases to Karelia and Murmansk regions. Oy Woikoski Ab is a Finnish family company, which produces and distributes technical, medical and special-purpose gases. The research methods used in the thesis were studying literature related to the topic, data from Internet and previous reports, and contacting local companies in Russia. The main goal of the thesis was to get a comprehensive picture of the biggest gas pro-ducers in North-West Russia, local companies’ need of gas and possible modes of export for Oy Woikoski Ab

JUSTIFICATION OF WIDTH OF THE TAPE OF THE MILL OF THE FEEDER MILLING-ROTORY SNOW BLOWER

In article the question of influence of number of calling of a mill of a feeder of a millingrotary snow blower on volume of the cut-out snow prism is considered. Also the equation of definition of dependence of width of a tape of a mill on a mill angle of rotation has been received. Results of calculations of change of width of a tape of a mill and change of the transported volume of a snow prism on schedules are presented. Images of mills with a width of the tape providing compliance to height of the figure limiting the cut-out volume of snow weight are submitted

Transformation of educational structures: university as an entrepreneurial organization

The response of the higher education system to the challenges of today is the emergence and development of new forms of university activity, which more adequately correspond to modern realities. One of these forms is entrepreneurial universities. Thus, this study aims to determine the features of the transformation of universities into entrepreneurial organizations. The article reviews the scientific literature on the problem under study and presents options for defining an entrepreneurial university. Based on an expert survey, the areas of university entrepreneurial activity are determined. The authors indicate the features of entrepreneurial universities and establish and analyze methods for transforming universities in the direction of entrepreneurship. The study led to the conclusion that transformational change in universities is a prerequisite for their effective transformation into entrepreneurial universities.A resposta do sistema de ensino superior aos desafios da atualidade é o surgimento e o desenvolvimento de novas formas de atividade universitária, que correspondam mais adequadamente às realidades modernas. Uma dessas formas são as universidades empreendedoras. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo determinar as características da transformação das universidades em organizações empreendedoras. O artigo faz uma revisão da produção científica sobre o problema em estudo e apresenta opções para definir uma universidade empreendedora. Com base na pesquisa de especialistas, são determinadas as áreas de atividade empreendedora universitária. Os autores indicam as características das universidades empreendedoras e estabelecem e analisam métodos para transformar as universidades na direção doempreendedorismo. O estudo levou à conclusão de que a mudança transformacional nas universidades é um pré-requisito para sua transformação efetiva em universidades empreendedoras.La respuesta del sistema de educación superior a los desafíos de hoy es el surgimiento y desarrollo de nuevas formas de actividad universitaria, que se correspondan más adecuadamente con las realidades modernas. Una de estas formas son las universidades emprendedoras. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar las características de la transformación de las universidades en organizaciones emprendedoras. El artículo revisa la literatura científica sobre el problema en estudio y presenta opciones para definir una universidad emprendedora. A partir de una encuesta a expertos, se determinan las áreas de actividad emprendedora universitaria. Los autores señalan las características de las universidades emprendedoras y establecen y analizan métodos para transformar las universidades en la dirección del emprendimiento. El estudio llevó a la conclusión de que el cambio transformacional en las universidades es un requisito previo para su transformación efectiva en universidades emprendedoras