A model of meta-population dynamics for North Sea and West of Scotland cod - the dynamic consequences of natal fidelity

It is clear from a variety of data that cod (Gadus morhua) in the North Sea do not constitute a homogeneous population that will rapidly redistribute in response to local variability in exploitation. Hence, local exploitation has the potential to deplete local populations, perhaps to the extent that depensation occurs and recovery is impossible without recolonisation from other areas, with consequent loss of genetic diversity. The oceanographic, biological and behavioural processes which maintain the spatial population structures are only partly understood, and one of the key unknown factors is the extent to which codexhibit homing migrations to natal spawning areas. Here, we describe a model comprising 10 interlinked demes of cod in European waters, each representing groups of fish with a common natal origin. The spawning locations of fish in each deme are governed by a variety of rules concerning oceanographic dispersal, migration behaviour and straying. We describe numerical experiments with the model and comparisons with observations, which lead us to conclude that active homing is probably not necessary to explain some of the population structures of European cod. Separation of some sub-populations is possible through distance and oceanographic processes affecting the dispersal of eggs and larvae. However, other evidence suggests that homing may be a necessary behaviour to explain the structure of other sub-populations. Theconsequences for fisheries management of taking into account spatial population structuring are complicated. For example, recovery or recolonisation strategies require consideration not only of mortality rates in the target area for restoration, but also in the source areas for the recruits which may be far removed depending on the oceanography. The model has an inbuilt capability to address issues concerning the effects of climate change, including temperature change, on spatial patterns of recruitment, development and population structure in cod

PENGARUH FINANCIAL DISTRESS, LEVERAGE, KESEMPATAN BERTUMBUH, DAN PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2012-2014

The objectives of this research are to examine (1) the effect of financial distress, leverage, growth opportunities, and company growth simultaneously on accounting conservatism, and (2) the effect of financial distress, leverage, growth opportunities, and company growth partially on accounting conservatism.Purposive sampling method is used in this research to determine the sample. The sample of this research is manufacturing company sub-sector consumption listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2012 until 2014. The analysis method used in the research is multiple linear regressions.The result of this research are (1) financial distress, leverage, growth opportunities, and company growth simultaneously effect the accounting conservatism, (2) financial distress, leverage, and company growth partially have not effect the accounting conservatism and, (3) growth opportunity have an effect on the accounting conservatismKeywords: accounting conservatism, financial distress, leverage, growth opportunities, and company growthBanda Ace

2MASSJ035523.51+113337.4: A Young, Dusty, Nearby, Isolated Brown Dwarf Resembling A Giant Exoplanet

We present parallax and proper motion measurements, near-infrared spectra, and WISE photometry for the low surface gravity L5gamma dwarf 2MASSJ035523.37+113343.7 (2M0355). We use these data to evaluate photometric, spectral, and kinematic signatures of youth as 2M0355 is the reddest isolated L dwarf yet classified. We confirm its low-gravity spectral morphology and find a strong resemblance to the sharp triangular shaped $H$-band spectrum of the 10 Myr planetary-mass object 2M1207b. We find that 2M0355 is underluminous compared to a normal field L5 dwarf in the optical and MKO J,H, and K bands and transitions to being overluminous from 3-12 microns, indicating that enhanced photospheric dust shifts flux to longer wavelengths for young, low-gravity objects, creating a red spectral energy distribution. Investigating the near-infrared color magnitude diagram for brown dwarfs confirms that 2M0355 is redder and underluminous compared to the known brown dwarf population, similar to the peculiarities of directly imaged exoplanets 2M1207b and HR8799bcd. We calculate UVW space velocities and find that the motion of 2M0355 is consistent with young disk objects (< 2-3 Gyr) and it shows a high likelihood of membership in the AB Doradus association.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 5 Tables, Submitted to AJ 13 May 201

Spectrum of genetic diversity and networks of clonal organisms

Clonal organisms present a particular challenge in population genetics because, in addition to the possible existence of replicates of the same genotype in a given sample, some of the hypotheses and concepts underlying classical population genetics models are irreconcilable with clonality. The genetic structure and diversity of clonal populations was examined using a combination of new tools to analyze microsatellite data in the marine angiosperm Posidonia oceanica. These tools were based on examination of the frequency distribution of the genetic distance among ramets, termed the spectrum of genetic diversity (GDS), and of networks built on the basis of pairwise genetic distances among genets. The properties and topology of networks based on genetic distances showed a "small-world" topology, characterized by a high degree of connectivity among nodes, and a substantial amount of substructure, revealing organization in sub-families of closely related individuals. Keywords: genetic networks; small-world networks; genetic diversity; clonal organismsComment: Replaced with revised versio

Validation of anthropometric and blood pressure Software NutriTe®: Study for 6-11 years old children

Introducción: La obesidad y la hipertensión arterial son patologías muy frecuentes en niños y adolescentes en el mundo. Sin embargo muchas veces no son detectadas tempranamente. Con el fin de facilitar la detección y diagnóstico de ambas enfermedades, se desarrolló NutriTe®. Dicha herramienta, permite realizar conjuntamente una interpretación del estado nutricional y de la tensión arterial. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo validar el software NutriTe® usando WHO Anthro Plus® como método de comparación, en niños escolarizados de 6 a 11 años de edad. Material y Métodos: El estado nutricional de los niños se comparó como valores Z de talla según edad y Z para IMC según edad entre NutriTe® y WHO Anthro Plus®. El cálculo de percentiles para estimar la Tensión Arterial Sistólica (TAS) y Diastólica (TAD) arrojado por NutriTe® fue comparado con las tablas del Cuarto Reporte de Diagnóstico, Evaluación y Tratamiento de la Hipertensión Arterial en niños y adolescentes. Resultados: Fueron estudiados 380 niñas y 752 niños. La correlación intraclase entre NutriTe® y Anthro® fue casi perfecta (p<0,001), tanto para Z-talla/edad en niñas (CCI=0,9997) y niños (0,9995), como Z-IMC/edad en niñas (0,9988) y niños (0,9998). Los percentiles de TAS, mostraron concordancia sustancial-casi perfecta (p<0,001) en niñas (k=0,81) y niños (0,89). Similar tendencia se observó para la TAD (p<0,001) en niñas (k=0,88) y niños (0,83). Conclusiones: NutriTe® fue validada en una población de niños escolarizados de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Los resultados obtenidos muestran comportamientos similares entre NutriTe® y Anthro Plus® en cuanto a la evaluación antropométrica, y entre NutriTe® y las tablas TAS-TAD, para la evaluación de la tensión arterial.Introduction: Obesity and arterial hypertension are very common pathologies in children and adolescents worldwide. However, often they are not early detected. NutriTe® was developed in order to facilitate the detection and diagnosis of both diseases. This tool allows an interpretation of nutritional status and blood pressure, without attempting to compete or emulate other existing software. The present study aims to validate NutriTe® software using WHO Anthro Plus® as a comparison method, in children aged 6 to 11 years old. Material and Methods: The nutritional status of the children was compared as height according to age Z values and BMI according to age Z values between NutriTe® and WHO Anthro Plus®. The calculation of the percentile for the estimation of Systolic (SAT) and Diastolic Arterial Tension (DAT) by NutriTe® was compared with the tables of the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents. Results: 380 girls and 752 boys were studied. Intraclass concordance was almost perfect between NutriTe® and Anthro® tools (p < 0.001), for both height/age-Z score in girls (ICC=0.9997) and boys (0.9995), as BMI/age-Z score in girls (0.9988), and in boys (0.9998). The SAT percentiles showed substantial-almost perfect agreement (p < 0.001) in girls (k=0.81) and in boys (0.89). Similar trend was observed for DAT (p < 0.001) in girls (k=0.88) and in boys (0.83). Conclusions: NutriTe® was validated in a population of children in Buenos Aires province. The results show similar behavior in the anthropometric evaluation between NutriTe® and Anthro Plus® and blood pressure evaluation between NutriTe® and SAT-DAT tables.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Non--Gaussian Effects in the Cosmic Microwave Background from Inflation

The presence of non--Gaussian features in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation maps represents one of the most long--awaited clues in the search for the actual structure of the primordial radiation, still needing confirmation. These features could shed some light on the non trivial task of distinguishing the real source of the primeval perturbations leading to large scale structure. One of the simplest non--Gaussian signals to search is the (dimensionless) skewness ${\cal S}$. Explicit computations for ${\cal S}$ are presented in the frame of physically motivated inflationary models (natural, intermediate and polynomial potential inflation) in the hope of finding values in agreement with estimated quantities from large angle scale (e.g., {\em COBE} DMR) maps. In all the cases considered the non--Gaussian effects turn out to lie below the level of theoretical uncertainty (cosmic variance). The possibility of unveiling the signal for ${\cal S}$ with multiple--field models is also discussed.Comment: To appear in Physical Review D ; 17pp LaTeX; now including 5 figures in one PostScript file appended at the end ; SISSA REF.73/94/

Treatment Strategy with Gene Editing for Late-onset Retinal Degeneration Caused by a Founder Variant in C1QTNF5

AbstractPurpose: Genome editing is an emerging group of technologies with the potential to ameliorate dominant, monogenic human diseases such as late-onset retinal degeneration (L-ORD). The goal of this study was to identify disease stages and retinal locations optimal for evaluating the efficacy of a future genome editing trial.Methods: Twenty five L-ORD patients (age range, 33-77 years; median age, 59 years) harboring the founder variant S163R in C1QTNF5 were enrolled from three centers in the United Kingdom and United States. Patients were examined with widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT) and chromatic perimetry under dark-adapted and light-adapted conditions to derive phenomaps of retinal disease. Results were analyzed with a model of a shared natural history of a single delayed exponential across all subjects and all retinal locations.Results: Critical age for the initiation of photoreceptor loss ranged from 48 years at the temporal paramacular retina to 74 years at the inferior midperipheral retina. Subretinal deposits (sRET-Ds) became more prevalent as critical age was approached. Subretinal pigment epithelial deposits (sRPE-Ds) were detectable in the youngest patients showing no other structural or functional abnormalities at the retina. The sRPE-D thickness continuously increased, reaching 25 µm in the extrafoveal retina and 19 µm in the fovea at critical age. Loss of light sensitivity preceded shortening of outer segments and loss of photoreceptors by more than a decade.Conclusions: Retinal regions providing an ideal treatment window exist across all severity stages of L-ORD

Detecting cryptic clinically relevant structural variation in exome-sequencing data increases diagnostic yield for developmental disorders.

Structural variation (SV) describes a broad class of genetic variation greater than 50 bp in size. SVs can cause a wide range of genetic diseases and are prevalent in rare developmental disorders (DDs). Individuals presenting with DDs are often referred for diagnostic testing with chromosomal microarrays (CMAs) to identify large copy-number variants (CNVs) and/or with single-gene, gene-panel, or exome sequencing (ES) to identify single-nucleotide variants, small insertions/deletions, and CNVs. However, individuals with pathogenic SVs undetectable by conventional analysis often remain undiagnosed. Consequently, we have developed the tool InDelible, which interrogates short-read sequencing data for split-read clusters characteristic of SV breakpoints. We applied InDelible to 13,438 probands with severe DDs recruited as part of the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study and discovered 63 rare, damaging variants in genes previously associated with DDs missed by standard SNV, indel, or CNV discovery approaches. Clinical review of these 63 variants determined that about half (30/63) were plausibly pathogenic. InDelible was particularly effective at ascertaining variants between 21 and 500 bp in size and increased the total number of potentially pathogenic variants identified by DDD in this size range by 42.9%. Of particular interest were seven confirmed de novo variants in MECP2, which represent 35.0% of all de novo protein-truncating variants in MECP2 among DDD study participants. InDelible provides a framework for the discovery of pathogenic SVs that are most likely missed by standard analytical workflows and has the potential to improve the diagnostic yield of ES across a broad range of genetic diseases

Elucidating the genetic architecture of reproductive ageing in the Japanese population.

Population studies elucidating the genetic architecture of reproductive ageing have been largely limited to European ancestries, restricting the generalizability of the findings and overlooking possible key genes poorly captured by common European genetic variation. Here, we report 26 loci (all P < 5 × 10-8) for reproductive ageing, i.e. puberty timing or age at menopause, in a non-European population (up to 67,029 women of Japanese ancestry). Highlighted genes for menopause include GNRH1, which supports a primary, rather than passive, role for hypothalamic-pituitary GnRH signalling in the timing of menopause. For puberty timing, we demonstrate an aetiological role for receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases by combining evidence across population genetics and pre- and peri-pubertal changes in hypothalamic gene expression in rodent and primate models. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate widespread differences in allele frequencies and effect estimates between Japanese and European associated variants, highlighting the benefits and challenges of large-scale trans-ethnic approaches