Labor Market Regulations and Income Inequality: Evidence for a Panel of Countries

This paper presents evidence on the impact of labor regulations on income inequality using two recently published databases on labor institutions and outcomes (Rama and Artecona, 2002; Botero, Djankov, La Porta, López-de-Silanes and Shleifer, 2003) and different cross-section and panel data analysis techniques for a sample of 121 countries over the 1970-2000 period. When we consider the techniques most likely to be robust, we find that: (i) de jure regulations do not improve income distribution; (ii) relative compliance with existing regulations improves income distribution; (iii) de facto regulations are weakly associated with improving income inequality. This result partly reflects the fact that regulations are endogenous and, more interestingly, different regulations have quite distinct effects. In particular, we find that any redistributive effect of labor regulations may come from trade union membership, public employment and mandated benefits (proxied by maternity leave).

The early evolutionary history of neo-sex chromosomes in Neotropical grasshoppers, Boliviacris noroestensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae)

Neo-sex chromosomes are an important component of chromosome variation in Orthoptera, particularly South American Melanoplinae species, which have proven to be outstanding experimental model system to study the mechanism of sex chromosome evolution in this group of insects. In terms of their origin, most derived sex chromosome mechanisms involve a Robertsonian fusion (i.e. translocation) between the ancestral X chromosome and an autosome. In the grasshopper, Boliviacris noroestensis Ronderos & Cigliano (1990) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae), our results point to a small degree of differentiation (conserved homology between the XR arm and the neo-Y) of the neo-XY chromosomes, which may be of recent evolutionary origin. However, a simple centric fusion model does not explain their origin, mainly because of the observed reduction in the fundamental number (FN) of arms. We propose two models which, we hope, clarify the genesis of B. noroestensis neo-sex chromosomes. Records of karyotype variation in related species due to multiple rearrangements support our models. We propose a possible adaptive advantage for neo-sex chromosome carriers, such changes perhaps representing the primary force that increases their frequency within natural populations compared with non-fused translocated forms, and occurring without apparent detriment to the microevolutionary forces that may also act, at least at the beginning of the evolutionary history of individuals bearing such neo-sex chromosomes.Fil: Castillo, Elio Rodrigo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Taffarel, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Marti, Dardo Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

Soliton fermionic number from the heat kernel expansion

Producción CientíficaWe consider different methods of calculating the (fractional) fermion number of solitons based on the heat kernel expansion. We derive a formula for the localized η function that provides a more systematic version of the derivative expansion for spectral asymmetry and compute the fermion number in amulti flavor extension of the Goldstone–Wilczek model. We also propose an improved expansion of the heat kernel that allows the tackling of the convergence issues and permits an automated computation of the coefficients.Juant de Castilla y León grant BU 229P18

Maniobrabilidad de vehículos de competición

[ES] El siguiente proyecto aborda de forma detallada la dinamica vehicular de coches de competicion y como afecta esta a la maniobrabilidad. La dinamica es uno de los aspectos mas importantes a tener en cuenta para el diseño de vehiculos de produccion, y mas aun, debido a la naturaleza competitiva y el alto ritmo de evolucion, en los vehiculos de competicion. Se comienza desarrollando un estudio sobre el comportamiento de los neumaticos, analizando las fuerzas que actuan sobre ellos y las distintas variables a tener en cuenta. A continuacion, nos encontramos con un capitulo en el que se explica la propia dinamica del vehiculo al completo, analizando las respuestas del vehiculo en estado estacionario y en estado transitorio. El siguiente capitulo trata sobre el frenado, en el que se indagan las formulas fundamentales para su entendimiento y algunos de los sistemas que se utilizan en la alta competicion. Siguiendo con la tematica, el apartado cinco es un estudio sobre la direccion y las geometrias utilizadas para optimizar el rendimiento. Para finalizar, se estudian las tecnicas de conduccion y los posibles reglajes que ayudan a bajar el tiempo por vuelta.[EN] The following project deals in detail with the vehicle dynamics of racing cars and how it affects handling. Dynamics is one of the most important aspects to be taken into account in the design of production vehicles, and even more so, due to the competitive nature and the high rate of evolution, in racing vehicles. We begin by developing a study on the behaviour of tyres, analysing the forces acting on them and the different variables to be taken into account. This is followed by a chapter in which the dynamics of the vehicle itself is explained in full, analysing the responses of the vehicle in steady and transient states. The next chapter deals with braking, in which the fundamental formulas for its understanding and some of the systems used in high competition are investigated. Continuing the theme, section five is a study of steering and the geometries used to optimise performance. Finally, driving techniques and possible settings to help lower lap times are examined

Sistema de navegación para vehículos aéreos cuadricópteros

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo modelar los parámetros que influyen en el diseño del sistema de navegación de un vehículo cuadricóptero. Este diseño se hace a través del estudio inicial para un solo motor y una hélice, para luego ampliarlo a los cuatro elementos de propulsión. El resultado será un modelo de la planta sobre el que se estudiará el mejor controlador posible (PID) y la influencia de los errores y limitaciones de la planta y los sensores de medición. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser aplicados a cualquier cuadricóptero diseñado y/o comprado

A circular model for song motor control in Serinus canaria

Song production in songbirds is controlled by a network of nuclei distributed across several brain regions, which drives respiratory and vocal motor systems to generate sound. We built a model for birdsong production, whose variables are the average activities of different neural populations within these nuclei of the song system. We focus on the predictions of respiratory patterns of song, because these can be easily measured and therefore provide a validation for the model. We test the hypothesis that it is possible to construct a model in which (1) the activity of an expiratory related (ER) neural population fits the observed pressure patterns used by canaries during singing, and (2) a higher forebrain neural population, HVC, is sparsely active, simultaneously with significant motor instances of the pressure patterns. We show that in order to achieve these two requirements, the ER neural population needs to receive two inputs: a direct one, and its copy after being processed by other areas of the song system. The model is capable of reproducing the measured respiratory patterns and makes specific predictions on the timing of HVC activity during their production. These results suggest that vocal production is controlled by a circular network rather than by a simple top-down architecture.Fil: Alonso, Rodrigo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Sistemas Dinámicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Trevisan, Marcos Alberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Sistemas Dinámicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Amador, Ana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Sistemas Dinámicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Goller, Franz. University Of Utah. Department Of Biology; Estados UnidosFil: Mindlin, Bernardo Gabriel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Sistemas Dinámicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Global Sources of Moisture: characterization and study of its variability

The current work is a climatological study and characterization of the global sources of moisture for continental precipitation based on a Lagrangian analysis technique. It consists of a synopsis of a series of articles published in specialist publications, thereby demonstrating the quality of the outcomes. The five key articles form the main structure of this research and it is these that address the crucial aspects of the atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle, such as the characterization of the global sources of moisture, the interannual variability of the moisture transport, and the distribution of continental precipitation from oceanic moisture source regions. The study provides a robust identification of all major oceanic moisture sources as well as an assessment of their recent changes in amplitude, allowing three key scientific questions to be answered: (i) have the moisture source regions been stationary, or have they changed over the last three decades?, (ii) how do the changes in the intensity (more evaporation) and position of the sources affect the distribution of continental precipitation?, and (iii) what is the role of the main modes of climate variability such as ENSO, NAM and SAM in the variability of the moisture regions and the continental precipitation associated with each source? Moreover, by studying the potential influence on continental precipitation of the oceanic regions with higher evaporation minus precipitation rates in a future climate change scenario, this work is an analysis of the oceanic sources of continental precipitation linked to climate change. Finally, by using a catalogue to identify and characterize all the major moisture sources associated with the continental climatic regions based on two different regionalization schemes, this study provides a reliable and robust assessment of source-sink relationships in the atmospheric water cycle for regional climates, which is a requirement for understanding the major driving factor for extreme weather and climate events.Universidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación/[]/MICINN/EspañaFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional/[]/FEDER/EspañaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI

Improving of Brayton cycle for aero gas turbine

Tato Prace je vyzkum o Braytonuv Obeh. Obsahuju ruzne metody, jak zvisit ucinnost obeh. Take vysvetluje jednu z techto metod presneji a popisuje ruzne moznosti, jako je IRA (Mezichladicem Recuperancni Aeroengine), coz je project z Technicke University v Mnichove. Vyvetluje ruzne studie o tepelnych vymeniku a jak tyto zmeny by mohly prispet ke slepseni spotreby paliva.This thesis is a research about Brayton cycle. It contains different methods on how to improve the efficiency of the cycle. Also it explains one of these methods more precisely and describes different options such as IRA (Intercooled Recuperative Aeroengine) which is a project from Munich Technical University. Besides it explains different studies about heat exchangers and how these modifications could help to improve fuel economy.