Influenza vaccination coverage and deprivation among the elderly in the municipality of Cagliari: results and perspectives.

Introduction. The elderly are among the main targets of influenza vaccination campaigns. Previous studies have shown that socio-economic status influences compliance with influenza vaccination, particularly in the elderly. Deprivation indices can therefore be useful in identifying population groups with lower vaccination uptake and guide targeted intervention to improve vaccination coverage. We analysed the correlation between influenza vaccination coverage and levels of socio-economic and health deprivation among the population of Cagliari, by means of an Index of Socio-Economic and Health Deprivation (SEHDI) specifically tailored to the city, in order to identify population subgroups needing specific intervention to improve vaccination coverage.Methods. A combination of linear regression, factor analysis and cluster analysis was adopted in order to build the SEHDI at the Census Tract (CT) level; data were taken from the 2011 Italian Census. Mortality among subjects aged ≥65 years in Cagliari in the period 2013-2015 was used to select the SEHDI variables. On the basis of the SEHDI, his population was classified into five normalised deprivation groups. Information on vaccination coverage was provided by general practitioners and Local Health Units. Cause-specific mortality and information on vaccination coverage in the deprivation groups were analysed by means of ANOVA (F test at p<0.05).Results. Around 20% of the Cagliari population was seen to be living in disadvantaged conditions. The trends in Standard Mortality Rates (SMRs) for all causes and for respiratory diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), influenza and pneumonia were analysed across the deprivation groups. Pneumonia and flu mortality rates displayed a non-linear trend in men and a positive linear trend in women. Flu vaccination uptake rates were low: 27%. Coverage proved to be lower in the two extreme categories and higher in the medium deprivation ones. Conclusions. The correlation between low vaccination coverage and socio-economic deprivation not only underlines the important role of vaccination in safeguarding health, but also the fact that it can be considered a factor in ensuring the system’s equality, thanks to its role in limiting health impacts on those living in the most problematic or disadvantaged circumstances. It also stresses the characteristics which contribute to low compliance. Therefore, this finding should be taken into account in the organization of vaccination campaigns and should prompt differentiated interventions in each local area

Gli ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) come strumento molecolare per l'identificazione tassonomica di ciprinodontiformi mediterranei

Il genere Valencia (Valenciidae) ha una distribuzione disgiunta, con V. hispanica presente in habitat dulciacquicoli o leggermente salmastri dalla Catalogna meridionale all'estremità meridionale del Golfo di Valencia e V. letourneuxi segnalata nell'Albania meridionale e nella Grecia occidentale. Nel presente lavoro sono stati analizzati e confrontati i profili ISSR dei seguenti esemplari: 2 pesci di dubbia collocazione tassonomica, provenienti da una popolazione mantenuta in cattività da un allevatore amatoriale danese di pesci da acquario, 2 individui di V. hispanica, 5 di V. letourneuxi e 5 dell'altro ciprinodontiforme Aphanius fasciatus. Lo scopo del lavoro è stato quello di 1) saggiare l'efficacia degli ISSR nel risolvere problemi di tipo tassonomico e 2) verificare l'ipotesi di appartenenza dei due esemplari di dubbia collocazione tassonomica ad una delle due specie di Valencia. L'estrazione del DNA è stata effettuata mediante kit di estrazione, utilizzando porzioni di pinna caudale (circa 5 mg ciascuna) fissate in etanolo. Sono stati utilizzati 9 primer che hanno fornito complessivamente 101 loci. Il confronto dei profili ISSR, e l'analisi dei cluster basata sulla matrice delle dissimilarità di Rogers e Tanimoto hanno consentito di assegnare gli individui di dubbia identità a V. hispanica. Gli ISSR si sono rivelati uno strumento efficace per la risoluzione di problemi di tipo tassonomico

Mitochondrial DNA reveals genetic structuring of <i>Pinna nobilis</i> across the Mediterranean Sea

Pinna nobilis is the largest endemic Mediterranean marine bivalve. During past centuries, various human activities have promoted the regression of its populations. As a consequence of stringent standards of protection, demographic expansions are currently reported in many sites. The aim of this study was to provide the first large broad-scale insight into the genetic variability of P. nobilis in the area that encompasses the western Mediterranean, Ionian Sea, and Adriatic Sea marine ecoregions. To accomplish this objective twenty-five populations from this area were surveyed using two mitochondrial DNA markers (COI and 16S). Our dataset was then merged with those obtained in other studies for the Aegean and Tunisian populations (eastern Mediterranean), and statistical analyses (Bayesian model-based clustering, median-joining network, AMOVA, mismatch distribution, Tajima’s and Fu’s neutrality tests and Bayesian skyline plots) were performed. The results revealed genetic divergence among three distinguishable areas: (1) western Mediterranean and Ionian Sea; (2) Adriatic Sea; and (3) Aegean Sea and Tunisian coastal areas. From a conservational point of view, populations from the three genetically divergent groups found may be considered as different management units

The Mendeleev-Meyer force project

Here we present the Mendeleev–Meyer Force Project which aims at tabulating all materials and substances in a fashion similar to the periodic table. The goal is to group and tabulate substances using nanoscale force footprints rather than atomic number or electronic configuration as in the periodic table. The process is divided into: (1) acquiring nanoscale force data from materials, (2) parameterizing the raw data into standardized input features to generate a library, (3) feeding the standardized library into an algorithm to generate, enhance or exploit a model to identify a material or property. We propose producing databases mimicking the Materials Genome Initiative, the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLARS) or the PRoteomics IDEntifications database (PRIDE) and making these searchable online via search engines mimicking Pubmed or the PRIDE web interface. A prototype exploiting deep learning algorithms, i.e. multilayer neural networks, is presented.Award-winningPostprint (author's final draft

Analisi della struttura genetica di <i>Hediste diversicolor</i> (Polychaeta, Nereididae) nel Mediterraneo occidentale mediante marcatori ISSR

La struttura genetica del polichete Hediste diversicolor del Mediterraneo occidentale è stata studiata utilizzando gli ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) come marcatori genetici. Sono stati raccolti 30 individui in ciascuna delle seguenti località: Stagno di Calich (Sardegna N-O), Baia di Figari (Corsica S-O), Migliacciaru (Corsica E), Fiume Morto (Toscana N-O) e Coltano (Toscana N-O). L'MDS applicato alle distanze genetiche individuali ha mostrato elevata diversità tra gli individui, ma non ha messo in evidenza alcuna sottostrutturazione genetica nelle popolazioni. Un forte segnale della divergenza genetica tra le popolazioni è dato dal fatto che il 37% del numero totale di bande rilevato è costituito da bande private, cioè esclusive di una popolazione. La varianza genetica, analizzata mediante AMOVA, è risultata equamente ripartita nelle componenti intra- e inter-popolazione (rispettivamente 46.9% e 53.1%). La Φ-statistica ha evidenziato la divergenza genetica tra le popolazioni (Φst = 0.469, P&lt;0.001). La notevole divergenza genetica tra le popolazioni di H. diversicolor è determinata in primo luogo dalla frammentazione naturale dell'habitat che produce isolamento con virtuale assenza di flusso genico tra le popolazioni. L'assenza di sottostrutturazione delle popolazioni, invece, conferma le osservazioni fatte in passato sulla dispersione degli adulti e delle postlarve all'interno dei singoli biotopi

Attentive filtering networks for audio replay attack detection

An attacker may use a variety of techniques to fool an automatic speaker verification system into accepting them as a genuine user. Anti-spoofing methods meanwhile aim to make the system robust against such attacks. The ASVspoof 2017 Challenge focused specifically on replay attacks, with the intention of measuring the limits of replay attack detection as well as developing countermeasures against them. In this work, we propose our replay attacks detection system - Attentive Filtering Network, which is composed of an attention-based filtering mechanism that enhances feature representations in both the frequency and time domains, and a ResNet-based classifier. We show that the network enables us to visualize the automatically acquired feature representations that are helpful for spoofing detection. Attentive Filtering Network attains an evaluation EER of 8.99$\%$ on the ASVspoof 2017 Version 2.0 dataset. With system fusion, our best system further obtains a 30$\%$ relative improvement over the ASVspoof 2017 enhanced baseline system.Comment: Submitted to ICASSP 201

Reconstructing force profiles with an amplitude-modulation AFM in tapping mode

Here we demonstrate how to reconstruct force profiles with an amplitude-modulation AFM operated in in standard tapping mode. Our example is based on the Cypher scanning probe microscope from Asylum Research. The method is based on Sader and Katan’s algorithm, but we have implemented an experimental set-up that allows for robust reconstruction. We discuss the details here

A 28-nm CMOS pixel read-out ASIC for real-time tracking with time resolution below 20 ps

We present the development of a test ASIC, named Timespot1, designed in CMOS 28-nm technology, featuring a 32x32 pixel matrix and a pitch of 55 μm, The ASIC is conceived as the first prototype in a series, capable to read-out pixels with timing capabilities in the range of 30 ps and below. Each pixel is endowed with a charge amplifier, a discriminator and a Time-to-Digital-Converter, capable of time resolutions below 20 ps and read-out rates (per pixel) around 3 MHz. The timing performance are obtained respecting a power budget of about 50 μW per pixel, corresponding to a power density of approximately 2 W/cm 2 · This feature makes the Timespot1 approach an interesting solution for vertex detectors of the next generation of colliders, where high space and time resolutions will be mandatory requirements to cope with the huge amount of tracks per event to be detected and processed

Current preventive policies and practices against Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and tuberculosis targeted for workers from hospitals of the Sardinia Region, Italy

Introduction: Health care Workers are exposed to infectious diseases more than the general population. Many of these infections are preventable by vaccination. The objective in this study is to investigate whether, how, and which vaccination underwent Sardinia Health Care Workers (HCWs) and the variability of policies in different Hospital Health Managements of the whole region. Methods: In March 2013, we enrolled the Hospital Health Management of all the 32 Sardinia hospitals. We investigate on immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases and education campaigns about recommended vaccinations for HCWs. Flu, hepatitis B, measles-mumps-rubella, varicella and tuberculosis were the objects of our research. Results: In most of the hospitals, influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs is less than 6%. Hepatitis B antibody assay was performed in all the respondent hospitals but only 14 had available data as collected electronically. Most of the hospitals did not perform serological tests for the evaluation of antibodies against Varicella, Measles, Mumps and Rubella in their HCWs. In 30 hospitals Mantoux test was replaced or integrated by âin vitroâ test for health surveillance protocols. Conclusions: This method produced a large amount of data in small time and at a low cost. Sending back data to respective Hospital Health Management (HHM) we took a step towards greater awareness of the issue of biological risks of HCWs and of vaccine coverage

Timespot1: A 28nm CMOS Pixel Read-Out ASIC for 4D Tracking at High Rates

We present the first characterization results of Timespot1, an ASIC designed in CMOS 28 nm technology, featuring a $32 \times 32$ pixel matrix with a pitch of $55 ~ \mu m$. Timespot1 is the first small-size prototype, conceived to readout fine-pitch pixels with single-hit time resolution below $50 ~ ps_\text{rms}$ and input rates of several hundreds of kilohertz per pixel. Such experimental conditions will be typical of the next generation of high-luminosity collider experiments, from the LHC run5 and beyond. Each pixel of the ASIC includes a charge amplifier, a discriminator, and a Time-to-Digital Converter with time resolution indicatively of $22.6 ~ ps_\text{rms}$ and maximum readout rates (per pixel) of $3 ~ MHz$. To respect system-level constraints, the timing performance has been obtained keeping the power budget per pixel below $40 ~ \mu W$. The ASIC has been tested and characterised in the laboratory concerning its performance in terms of time resolution, power budget and sustainable rates. The ASIC will be hybridized on a matched $32 \times 32$ pixel sensor matrix and will be tested under laser beam and Minimum Ionizing Particles in the laboratory and at test beams. In this paper we present a description of the ASIC operation and the first results obtained from characterization tests concerning its performance