Correlação entre o nível de atividade física e a existência de comorbidades em policiais militares: Atividade física durante a pandemia do COVID-19 / Correlation between the level of physical activity and the existence of comorbities in military policies: Physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introdução: O ano de 2020 foi a explosão da pandemia do COVID-19 no mundo, os Estados Brasileiros adotaram uma série de medidas de enfrentamento. As Polícias Militares (PMs) têm a missão de assegurar a ordem pública, mas sob quais condições?  Objetivo: Revisão sistêmica da literatura, afim de compreender o papel das práticas de Atividade Física (AF) na mitigação aos sintomas mais graves do COVID-19, no segmento policial militar levando em consideração o nível de AF dos mesmos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, de revisão da literatura. Resultados: O estudo evidenciou conforme os trabalhos selecionados que, o Nível de Atividade Física dos Policiais Militares, sofre influência de causas multifatoriais, apresentando percentuais expressivos de policiais que não possuem um nível satisfatório de Atividade Física. Conclui-se então que, as Polícias Militares não têm conseguido manter seu efetivo ativo fisicamente em sua totalidade. Conclusão: É indispensável que as Polícias revejam seus programas de atividade física, bem como manter seus militares da ativa em boas condições de saúde seja em tempos de normalidade ou em tempos de pandemia.

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Percepções de determinantes bioculturais da atividade física e associação com características pessoais e profissionais de professores de educação física

Resumo Objetivou-se estabelecer associações entre percepções de determinantes bioculturais relacionados à prática de atividade física, características pessoais e profissionais de professores. Na coleta de dados, usou-se um questionário sobre a percepção de determinantes bioculturais na prática de atividade física. A amostra foi constituída por 25 professores de educação física de ambos os sexos. Da amostra analisada, 46,5% dos professores pós-graduados e 16,9% graduados concordaram que os determinantes bioculturais podem potencializar práticas de atividades físicas, entretanto com o aumento da idade suas percepções se tornam menos positivas. Concluiu-se que o nível de formação, sexo e idade dos professores podem refletir a uma prática docente voltada para comportamentos saudáveis

Avaliação da atividade física na promoção da saúde de adolescentes brasileiros: revisão sistemática

Objective: To analyze the methodological designs of national studies that assessed the level of physical activity for promoting adolescent health. Methods: a systematic literature review of original researches and publications of MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS and ADOLEC electronic databases. It focused on determinant aspects of physical activity for health promotion using the following keywords: physical activity, physical fitness, physical activity, physical exercise, motor activity, sedentary and sedentariness, adolescent, adolescence, young, youth, teenager, and teenage, Brazil, Brazilian, South America, Low-middle income and country(ies). Data analysis covered the period from 2005 to 2011. First, 449 studies were identified. After analyzing the titles of the manuscripts, 130 articles were eligible for abstract evaluation and subsequent full text analysis. In the end, 31 articles met all inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 93.6% (n=29) of the evaluated studies used cross-sectional design, with samples ranging from 92 to 5028 subjects, and all of them used questionnaires for measuring physical activity. The main analysis of the studies was based on the association between physical activity, biodemographic data (age, gender) and socioeconomic data (income, social class and parental education). Conclusion: The national studies assessing the level of physical activity for promoting adolescent health appear with great methodological variability since there is no standardization in the methodological design, instrument and definition of variables, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies in this area. doi:10.5020/18061230.2013.p426Objetivo: Analizar los abordajes metodológicos de estúdios nacionales que evaluaron el nivel de actividad física para La promoción de la salud de adolescentes. Métodos: Revisión de literatura de forma sistemática respaldada en estudios originales y en publicaciones de las bases de datos electrónicas MEDLINE, LILACS, ADOLEC y SCOPUS, destacándose los aspectos determinantes de la actividad física para la promoción de la salud a través de los siguientes descriptores en inglés: physical activity: physical fitness, physical activity, physical exercise, motor activity, sedentary and sedentarines, adolescent, adolescence, young, youth, teenager, and teenagen, Brazil, brazilian, South America, Low-middle income and country(ies); el análisis de datos fue en El periodo de 2005 a 2011. Inicialmente se identificaron 449 estudios. Después de la evaluación de los títulos de los manuscritos, 130 artículos fueron considerados elegibles para la lectura de los resúmenes y el análisis en su totalidad. Al final, 31 artículos cumplieron todos los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: De los trabajos evaluados, el 93,6% (n=29) de los estudios utilizaron delineamiento trasversal con muestras que variaron de 92 a 5.028 sujetos, y todos utilizaron cuestionarios como instrumentos de medición de la actividad física. El principal análisis de los estudios se basó en la asociación entre la actividad física, datos demográfico-biológicos (edad, género) y socioeconómicos (renta, clase económica y escolaridad de los padres). Conclusión: Los estudios nacionales que evalúan el nivel de actividad física para la promoción de la salud de adolescentes presentan grande variabilidad metodológica ya que no hay una estandarización metodológica en el delineamiento, instrumento y definición de variables, destacándose la necesidad de estudios longitudinales en el área. doi:10.5020/18061230.2013.p426Objetivo: Analisar as abordagens metodológicas de estudos nacionais que avaliaram o nível de atividade física na promoção da saúde de adolescentes. Métodos: Revisão da literatura de forma sistemática, respaldada nos estudos de originais e em publicações nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, LILACS, ADOLEC e SCOPUS, enfatizando-se os aspectos determinantes da atividade física na promoção da saúde por meio dos seguintes descritores em inglês: physical activity: physical fitness, physical activity, physical exercise, motor activity, sedentary and sedentarines, adolescent, adolescence, young, youth, teenager, and teenagen, Brazil, brazilian, South America, Low-middle income and country(ies); a análise de dados abrange o período de 2005 a 2011. Identificaram-se, inicialmente, 449 estudos. Após a avaliação dos títulos dos manuscritos, 130 artigos foram considerados elegíveis para a leitura dos resumos e análise na sua íntegra. Ao final, 31 artigos preencheram todos os critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Entre os trabalhos avaliados, 93,6% (n=29) dos estudos utilizaram delineamento transversal, com amostragens que variaram de 92 a 5.028 sujeitos, e todos utilizaram questionários como instrumentos de mensuração da atividade física. A principal análise dos estudos se baseou na associação entre atividade física, dados demográficobiológicos (idade, gênero) e socioeconômicos (renda, classe econômica e escolaridade dos pais). Conclusão: Os estudos nacionais que avaliam o nível de atividade física na promoção da saúde de adolescentes se apresentam com grande variabilidade metodológica, uma vez que não há uma padronização metodológica no delineamento, instrumento e definição das variáveis, ressaltando-se a necessidade de estudos longitudinais na área. doi:10.5020/18061230.2013.p42

Fatores de risco para doenças crônicas em adolescentes na Amazônia: um estudo com alunos do 9º ano do estado do Amapá / Risk factors for chronic diseases in adolescents in the Amazon: a study with 9th grade students in the state of Amapá

Introdução: O advento da modernidade além de proporcionar uma qualidade de vida melhor em comparação aos nossos antepassados, também criou um agravamento das péssimas condições de vida. Constituindo assim campo fértil para os fatores de risco das Doenças Crônicas não transmissíveis, principalmente entre os jovens contemporâneos.  Objetivo: Analisar os resultados apresentados pela PeNSE 2015, dos Fatores de Risco de alunos do nono ano do Estado do Amapá, em comparação com o Brasil. A comparação desses resultados, nos permitirá ter um vislumbre da realidade, acerca desses fatores para as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis neste segmento. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo, com base nos dados da PeNSE 2015. Resultados: O estudo evidenciou que os adolescentes possuem um elevado percentual de inatividade física, bem como hábitos alimentares que precisam ser evitados como a ingesta de frituras e refrigerantes. Os escolares entrevistados demonstram que o consumo tanto de álcool quanto do cigarro vem se igualando entre rapazes e moças tanto em âmbito Nacional quanto no Amapá, que ultrapassa os valores da média nacional. Concluísse então que, o Amapá ultrapassa os índices nacionais no tocante a alguns Fatores de Risco. Conclusão: Os escolares do sexo feminino estão pareados com os do sexo masculino na adoção dos Fatores de Risco como hábitos do cotidiano, o que requer políticas de intervenção por parte do estado e sociedade civil organizada.

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

A Survey of Empirical Results on Program Slicing

International audienceBACKGROUND:Patients with peripheral artery disease have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Antiplatelet agents are widely used to reduce these complications.METHODS:This was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial for which patients were recruited at 602 hospitals, clinics, or community practices from 33 countries across six continents. Eligible patients had a history of peripheral artery disease of the lower extremities (previous peripheral bypass surgery or angioplasty, limb or foot amputation, intermittent claudication with objective evidence of peripheral artery disease), of the carotid arteries (previous carotid artery revascularisation or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of at least 50%), or coronary artery disease with an ankle-brachial index of less than 0·90. After a 30-day run-in period, patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive oral rivaroxaban (2·5 mg twice a day) plus aspirin (100 mg once a day), rivaroxaban twice a day (5 mg with aspirin placebo once a day), or to aspirin once a day (100 mg and rivaroxaban placebo twice a day). Randomisation was computer generated. Each treatment group was double dummy, and the patient, investigators, and central study staff were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke; the primary peripheral artery disease outcome was major adverse limb events including major amputation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01776424, and is closed to new participants.FINDINGS:Between March 12, 2013, and May 10, 2016, we enrolled 7470 patients with peripheral artery disease from 558 centres. The combination of rivaroxaban plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone reduced the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (126 [5%] of 2492 vs 174 [7%] of 2504; hazard ratio [HR] 0·72, 95% CI 0·57-0·90, p=0·0047), and major adverse limb events including major amputation (32 [1%] vs 60 [2%]; HR 0·54 95% CI 0·35-0·82, p=0·0037). Rivaroxaban 5 mg twice a day compared with aspirin alone did not significantly reduce the composite endpoint (149 [6%] of 2474 vs 174 [7%] of 2504; HR 0·86, 95% CI 0·69-1·08, p=0·19), but reduced major adverse limb events including major amputation (40 [2%] vs 60 [2%]; HR 0·67, 95% CI 0·45-1·00, p=0·05). The median duration of treatment was 21 months. The use of the rivaroxaban plus aspirin combination increased major bleeding compared with the aspirin alone group (77 [3%] of 2492 vs 48 [2%] of 2504; HR 1·61, 95% CI 1·12-2·31, p=0·0089), which was mainly gastrointestinal. Similarly, major bleeding occurred in 79 (3%) of 2474 patients with rivaroxaban 5 mg, and in 48 (2%) of 2504 in the aspirin alone group (HR 1·68, 95% CI 1·17-2·40; p=0·0043).INTERPRETATION:Low-dose rivaroxaban taken twice a day plus aspirin once a day reduced major adverse cardiovascular and limb events when compared with aspirin alone. Although major bleeding was increased, fatal or critical organ bleeding was not. This combination therapy represents an important advance in the management of patients with peripheral artery disease. Rivaroxaban alone did not significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular events compared with asprin alone, but reduced major adverse limb events and increased major bleeding

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care