Direito e bem-estar animal: propondo instrumentos legais para o Município de Realiza/PR

Anais do 35º Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul - Área temática: Direitos Humanos e JustiçaHomens e animais convivem lado a lado desde que ambos surgiram na terra. Nos tempos atuais, evidentemente o homem ainda se relaciona com os animais, sobretudo no contexto de uso desses, em que o domínio e a subjugação dos mesmos aos seus interesses é algo predominante. No Brasil, a principal lei de proteção aos animais continua sendo a Constituição Federal. É preciso atualizar a legislação vigente e torná-la de conhecimento da população, assim, o poder público poderá se comprometer em fiscalizá-la e a população em cumpri-la. O objetivo deste projeto foi dialogar sobre políticas públicas para o bem-estar animal no município de Realeza, PR. As políticas públicas, dentro de uma visão sistêmica são um processo dinâmico, com negociações, pressões, mobilizações, alianças ou coalizões de interesses. Para atingir os objetivos do projeto, as atividades foram realizadas em etapas: encontros/diálogos com o poder público municipal, com instituições não- governamentais e com a comunidade externa; realização de debates/discussões por meio de colóquios e referatas com a comunidade acadêmica e externa; participação do grupo nas sessões da Câmara de Vereadores do município de Realeza (sensibilização para o tema); participação na implantação legal da primeira associação protetora de animais - Grupo AMA - Associação dos Melhores Amigos dos animais dos municípios de Realeza e Santa Izabel do Oeste. Os resultados apresentados são parciais. O envolvimento da comunidade externa foi (e será) muito importante para o cumprimento do objetivo que é a sistematização do documento norteador das políticas públicas para o bem-estar animal e encaminhamento para tramitação na Câmara de Vereadore

Addition of Tannin in Lamb Diets after Weaning: Impact on Performance and Hematological and Biochemical Variables

Background: In ruminants, the weaning period is a critical phase, because these young animals are allocated to various facilities and receive different feeds. Alternatively, supplements and additives can be used. The tannins are polyphenols produced by plants; constitute a group of complex secondary metabolic factors that inhibit the consumption by herbivores or the development of microbial agents. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of condensed tannin extract from quebracho trees (Schinopsis lorentzii) in lamb diets after weaning would have beneficial effects on growth and health.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty lambs were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (10 lambs/treatment): T1 (0%; control), T2, T3, and T4 was 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 % of quebracho extract in the diet, respectively. The T2 (0.3%) lambs had greater body condition scores (P = 0.005), and although they did not differ significantly, they had numerically greater body weight (P = 0.067) and weight gain (P = 0.072), than the control lambs. The anthelmintic and anticoccidial effect was not possible to verify because no animals in any group were naturally infected by helminths or coccidia. The T4 lambs had greater numbers of erythrocytes (days 10 and 40) [P < 0.05], greater hemoglobin concentrations (days 10 and 40), and greater numbers of total leukocytes (day 10) as a result of greater numbers of neutrophil at the end of the adaptation period (day 10) compared to T1. The T3 and T4 lambs had greater (P < 0.05) serum total protein (days 10 and 40) because of greater concentration of serum globulins (days 10 and 40) compared to T1, suggesting that the addition of tannin stimulated the immune system. The addition of quebracho in the diet affected serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol at some times and treatments (P < 0.05). However, these changes did not follow a pattern; this finding only suggested that there was an influence on the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. The T2 lambs showed no differences on hemogram or serum clinic biochemistries (P > 0.05); however, they had a greater body condition scores than T1 (P < 0.05).Discussion: According to literature, if condensed tannins are supplied in moderate quantities (≤ 5% of diet) to ruminants, they can prevent bloating, increase the supply of undegraded protein in the rumen and improve the use of essential amino acids. It is also known that tannins in diet may increase urea recycling efficiency by increasing the concentration of urea in saliva and salivary flow into the rumen. Studies observed that cattle and sheep given feed containing condensed tannins had higher production of wool, meat, milk, and ovulation rates in females, desirable effects on animal production. According to the literature, dietary supplementation with tannins from chestnut and quebracho (2 g/kg of feed) to Holstein cattle changed the composition of the ruminal microbiota, particularly the bacteria that degrade fiber and starch, reducing the abundance of Prevotella and Fibrobacter, favoring Ruminococcaceae and other members of the phylum Firmicutes, increasing the pH and decreasing urease activity in ruminal fluid. Therefore, when tannins are supplemented at low concentrations, they can stimulate the intake and utilization of essential amino acids in the small intestine, increasing performance and exerting an anthelmintic effect. Our study found that the addition of 0.3% of quebracho in the diet improved lamb growth and health after weaning. It is therefore an additive that can be used to feed lambs in critical post weaning period

Microencapsulated herbal components in the diet of Lacaune ewes: impacts on physiology and milk production and quality

Abstract This study aimed to determine whether the addition of a microencapsulated herbal blend (MHB) based on thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde in dairy sheep feed would improve production efficiency, milk quality, and animal health. Thirty lactating Lacaune ewes were divided into three groups: Control (T0), 150 mg blend/kg of feed (T150), and 250 mg blend/kg of feed (T250). Milk was measured before the beginning of the experiment (d 0), at the end of the adaptation period (d 15), and during the experiment (d 20). In milk samples, was measured the composition, somatic cell count (SCC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipoperoxidation (LPO), and total antioxidant capacity. The MHB improved the milk production (only T150 vs. T0 sheep on d 20), productive efficiency and feed efficiency, and reduced the milk SCC (only T250 vs. T0 sheep, on d 20), ROS and tended to reduce the milk levels of LPO (only T250 vs. T0 sheep on d 20). Also, MHB reduced the blood levels of neutrophils and ROS (only T250 vs. T0 sheep on d 20) and increased total protein and globulin levels. Thus, a microencapsulated blend of thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde improved the productive performance and milk quality of sheep

Effects of microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on feed digestibility, intestinal mucosa, and biochemical and antioxidant parameters in broilers

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on metabolizable energy, feed digestibility, intestinal morphometric analysis, and antioxidant parameters in broilers. A completely randomized design with five treatments and eight replications of eight broilers (Cobb male) was used, and collections were carried out at 20 and 42 days of age. Carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde concentrations (mg/kg) were: 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, and 200. Carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde improved apparent metabolizable energy but did not change protein and ether extract digestibility. Supplementation increased intestinal villus height and villi:crypt ratio; in which 100 mg/kg produced the greatest villus height. Serum uric acid levels were lower in birds receiving supplementation. Improvement in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase was observed, while lower uric acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and reactive oxygen species levels were observed. Microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde improve apparent metabolizable energy and can be administered in broiler feed without risk to the bird’s health. These supplements may serve as alternative products to aid the performance of commercial poultry

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Avaliação da percepção da toxoplasmose por gestantes e médicos em municípios do sudoeste do Paraná

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Cats are the definitive carrier, but humans may have an accidental infection by eating undercooked meat containing tissue cysts animals or vegetables, fruits, milk and water contaminated with mature oocysts. Women who acquire the infection during pregnancy, especially in the first two quarters, may have abortion, premature birth, stillbirth or severe sequelae in the fetus. The serologic test is recommended to discover the disease at the beginning of prenatal care and during pregnancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate the perception of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and doctors who perform the prenatal care in the cities of Salto do Lontra, Realeza, Santa Isabel do Oeste e Planalto - PR. An epidemiological questionnaire with questions related to sociodemographic variables; information about pregnancy; knowledge of toxoplasmosis disease; behavior and eating habits; and contact with animals was applied to 87 pregnant women. Six doctors of the health posts in the same municipalities were also interviewed to identify how was the prenatal care and guidance on this disease. Only 25.7% of women knew what the consequences of the disease to them; 69% pointed to know which animals can transmit toxoplasmosis, of these, 74.9 % cited cats and 13.2% dogs; about the sources of infection, 59.9% marked "contact with the cat" and 74.5% marked "infection by eating contaminated food" option; 57.5%, 27.6% and 8.0% have at least one, two and three behaviors of risk for the disease in relation to food, respectively. Of the doctors, 100% reported that the request of serologic test at the beginning of prenatal care; only 50% doctors said they question the pregnant women about the presence of pets in the house, especially cats. The dissemination of information on any subject reaches not restricted to that particular group, but is spread in the social context in which this person was inserted. Thus, the pregnant informed would spread important knowledge about toxoplasmosis to their community. It is also the doctors extend this communication, as working directly with pregnant women, to guide and reduce doubts and gaps in the clarification of this disease.A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii. Os gatos são os hospedeiros definitivos, mas os seres humanos podem ter uma infecção acidental através da ingestão de carne mal cozida de animais contendo cistos teciduais ou legumes, frutas, leite e água contaminados com oocistos esporulados. As mulheres que adquirem a infecção durante a gestação, principalmente nos primeiros dois trimestres, podem apresentar aborto espontâneo, nascimento prematuro, morte neonatal ou sequelas severas no feto. A realização de teste sorológico é recomendada para descobrir a doença no início do pré-natal e no decorrer da gestação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a percepção da toxoplasmose por gestantes e médicos que realizam o acompanhamento pré-natal nos municípios de Salto do Lontra, Realeza, Santa Isabel do Oeste e Planalto - PR. Um questionário epidemiológico composto por questões relacionadas a variáveis sociodemográficas; informações sobre a gestação; conhecimento sobre a doença toxoplasmose; hábitos de comportamento e alimentares; e o contato com animais foi aplicado a 87 gestantes. Também foram entrevistados 6 médicos dos postos de saúdes dos mesmos municípios para identificar como é feito o acompanhamento pré-natal e orientações sobre esta doença. Apenas 25,7% das gestantes sabiam quais as consequências da doença para elas; 69% apontaram saber quais animais podem transmitir a toxoplasmose, destas, 74,8% citaram os gatos e 13,2% os cães; Com relação às fontes de infecção, 59,9% marcaram a opção “contato com o gato” e 74,5% marcaram a opção “infecção por ingestão de alimentos contaminados”; 57,5%, 27,6% e 8,0% apresentaram pelo menos um, dois e três comportamentos de risco para a doença em relação à alimentação, respectivamente. Dos médicos entrevistados, 100% relatam que a solicitação do exame sorológico é realizada logo no início do acompanhamento pré-natal; apenas 50% dos médicos afirmaram questionar as gestantes sobre a presença de animais de estimação na residência, em especial gatos. A divulgação de informações sobre qualquer temática não atinge restritamente àquele grupo em particular, mas se dissemina no âmbito social em que esta pessoa esta inserida. Assim, a gestante esclarecida disseminaria conhecimentos importantes sobre a toxoplasmose para à sua comunidade. Cabe também aos médicos ampliar esta comunicação, pois trabalham diretamente com as gestantes, para orientar e diminuir as dúvidas e lacunas do esclarecimento sobre a doença

Developmental outcome of electroencephalographic findings in SYNGAP1 encephalopathy

SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency results in a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) causing generalized epilepsies accompanied by a spectrum of neurodevelopmental symptoms. Concerning interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in electroencephalograms (EEG), potential biomarkers have been postulated, including changes in background activity, fixation-off sensitivity (FOS) or eye closure sensitivity (ECS). In this study we clinically evaluate a new cohort of 36 SYNGAP1-DEE individuals. Standardized questionnaires were employed to collect clinical, electroencephalographic and genetic data. We investigated electroencephalographic findings, focusing on the cortical distribution of interictal abnormalities and their changes with age. Among the 36 SYNGAP1-DEE cases 18 presented variants in the SYNGAP1 gene that had never been previously reported. The mean age of diagnosis was 8 years and 8 months, ranging from 2 to 17 years, with 55.9% being male. All subjects had global neurodevelopmental/language delay and behavioral abnormalities; 83.3% had moderate to profound intellectual disability (ID), 91.7% displayed autistic traits, 73% experienced sleep disorders and 86.1% suffered from epileptic seizures, mainly eyelid myoclonia with absences (55.3%). A total of 63 VEEGs were revised, observing a worsening of certain EEG findings with increasing age. A disorganized background was observed in all age ranges, yet this was more common among older cases. The main IEDs were bilateral synchronous and asynchronous posterior discharges, accounting for ≥50% in all age ranges. Generalized alterations with maximum amplitude in the anterior region showed as the second most frequent IED (≥15% in all age ranges) and were also more common with increasing age. Finally, diffuse fast activity was much more prevalent in cases with 6 years or older. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze EEG features across different age groups, revealing an increase in interictal abnormalities over infancy and adolescence. Our findings suggest that SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency has complex effects in human brain development, some of which might unravel at different developmental stages. Furthermore, they highlight the potential of baseline EEG to identify candidate biomarkers and the importance of natural history studies to develop specialized therapies and clinical trials

Table2_Developmental outcome of electroencephalographic findings in SYNGAP1 encephalopathy.XLSX

SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency results in a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) causing generalized epilepsies accompanied by a spectrum of neurodevelopmental symptoms. Concerning interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in electroencephalograms (EEG), potential biomarkers have been postulated, including changes in background activity, fixation-off sensitivity (FOS) or eye closure sensitivity (ECS). In this study we clinically evaluate a new cohort of 36 SYNGAP1-DEE individuals. Standardized questionnaires were employed to collect clinical, electroencephalographic and genetic data. We investigated electroencephalographic findings, focusing on the cortical distribution of interictal abnormalities and their changes with age. Among the 36 SYNGAP1-DEE cases 18 presented variants in the SYNGAP1 gene that had never been previously reported. The mean age of diagnosis was 8 years and 8 months, ranging from 2 to 17 years, with 55.9% being male. All subjects had global neurodevelopmental/language delay and behavioral abnormalities; 83.3% had moderate to profound intellectual disability (ID), 91.7% displayed autistic traits, 73% experienced sleep disorders and 86.1% suffered from epileptic seizures, mainly eyelid myoclonia with absences (55.3%). A total of 63 VEEGs were revised, observing a worsening of certain EEG findings with increasing age. A disorganized background was observed in all age ranges, yet this was more common among older cases. The main IEDs were bilateral synchronous and asynchronous posterior discharges, accounting for ≥50% in all age ranges. Generalized alterations with maximum amplitude in the anterior region showed as the second most frequent IED (≥15% in all age ranges) and were also more common with increasing age. Finally, diffuse fast activity was much more prevalent in cases with 6 years or older. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze EEG features across different age groups, revealing an increase in interictal abnormalities over infancy and adolescence. Our findings suggest that SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency has complex effects in human brain development, some of which might unravel at different developmental stages. Furthermore, they highlight the potential of baseline EEG to identify candidate biomarkers and the importance of natural history studies to develop specialized therapies and clinical trials.</p