A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Yoga on Depression among HIV Positive Clients attending Anti Retro Viral Clinic at Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai

The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of yoga on depression among the HIV positive clients attending Anti Retro Viral clinic(ART) of Government Rajaji hospital, Madurai-20. The over all aim of the study is to find out the level of depression of HIV positive clients and effectiveness of yoga in ART clinic of Government Rajaji hospital. The objectives of the study are 1. To assess the level of depression among clients attending Anti Retroviral Treatment clinic before yoga. 2. To determine the level of depression among clients attending Anti Retroviral Treatment clinic after yoga. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of yoga on depression among the clients who are attending Anti Retroviral Treatment clinic. 4. To associate the selected socio demographic variables with post test level of depression. The conceptual framework was developed based on the Betty Neumans system model. The study design was one group pretest post test design. The size of the sample was 30. The convenient sampling technique was used in this study. The tool used in this study was Beck Depression Inventory II which is a standardized tool. The reliability of the tool is r= 0.93. The data collected from the study subjects were analysed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, chi-square test) and inferential statistical method. The study found that 23 (76.7%) of the study participants had moderare depression and 7 (23.3%) had borderline depression in the pretest the over all percentage of depression score was 40.36%.Hatha Yoga therapy was given in 21 sessions for a period of three weeks. The posttest score showed that 25 (83.3%) of the participants become normal and only 5(16.7%) had moderate depression. The chi square test showed statistically significant association between income (χ2=4.66p=0.03*), HIV positive status (χ2=4.07 p=0.04*), duration of ART (χ2=6.00 p=0.01*) and post level of depression at 1degree of freedom. The ‘t’ test value was 12.68 (p=0.001***) which showed statistically significant reduction of depression level. The study concluded that HIV clients have some sort of depression because of illness and ART therapy, proved yoga will be alternative therapy for depression

A Study of Thyroid Profile in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Acute Coronary Syndrome is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in India and in worldwide. The thyroid hormonal changes could result in the functional derangement of the cellular metabolism and affecting almost all the organs, the heart in particular. The thyroidal hormonal change occurring in the setting of acute stress condition like sepsis, acute coronary syndrome etc., is termed as Sick Euthyroid Syndrome. This condition is characterized by low T3, raised rT3 and normal levels of T4, FT3, FT4 and TSH. This change in thyroid function is thought to be associated with the mechanism involved in maintaining energy in face of altered systemic homeostasis caused by the acute ischemic event or directly related to inflammatory cytokines, acting as an inflammatory marker or both. This study assessed the prevalence of Sick Euthyroid Syndrome (SES) in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). This study also assessed the distribution of SES in ACS and the correlation between thyroid hormone profiles with the outcome. The prevalence of the Sick Euthyroid Syndrome (SES) is as high as 25% i.e. one quarter of ACS patients had SES. The prevalence of SES in old age group was low as compared to younger population. Sick Euthyroid state significantly associated with High BMI, CRP positivity and this condition associated with worst outcome. Sick Euthyroid state not correlated significantly with sex, diabetic state, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking. The T3 and rT3 levels well correlated with the poor outcome among Sick Euthyroid Syndrome patients. Also, the Sick Euthyroid state significantly associated with poor outcome. Hence the Sick Euthyroid State serves as an important predictor of worst prognosis in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

El patrón de prescripción de los fármacos antihipertensivos en los pacientes diabéticos de la Provincia del Sur, Reino de Arabia Saudita

Background. Hypertension is extremely prevalent in patients with diabetes. Limited data exist on utilizationpatterns of antihypertensive in this population are consistent with evidence-based practice guidelines.Objective. To evaluate utilization patterns of antihypertensive agents among diabetic patients with hypertension.Design. Retrospective descriptive cross sectional.Patients / Participants. 149 patients with diabetes and hypertension from outpatient department at FamilyMedicine Hospital, Ahaderfieda. Khamis Mushait, K.S.A.Results. Over 43% of patients were receiving calcium channel blockers (CCB), 36.2 % of received angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), followed by angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (34.9%),diuretics (34.2%) and β -blockers (16.2%). Patients on monotherapy were mostly receiving CCB (34.3%)and ACEI (29.9%). The majority (55.03%) of treated patients were on multidrug regimens. In patientswith coronary artery disease (CAD), a diuretic with ACEI (25%) and calcium channel blocker with angiotensinreceptor blocker (25%) was most commonly prescribed.Conclusions. Patterns of antihypertensive therapy were generally consistent with international guidelines.Areas of improvement include increasing ACEI/ARB and diuretic use, decreasing the number ofuntreated patients, and increasing the proportion of patients with controlled BP in this population.Antecedentes. La hipertensión es muy frecuente en los pacientes con diabetes. Existen datos limitadossobre los patrones de utilización de antihipertensivos en esta población consistentes con las guías depráctica basadas en la evidencia.Objetivo. Evaluar los patrones de utilización de antihipertensivos en los pacientes diabéticos con hipertensión.Diseño. Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo transversalPacientes / Participantes. 149 pacientes con diabetes e hipertensión, del departamento de pacientes ambulatoriosen el Hospital de Medicina Familiar, Ahaderfieda. Khamis Mushait, K.S.A.Resultados. Más del 43% de los pacientes estaban recibiendo bloqueadores del canal de calcio (CCB),el 36,2% recibían inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA), seguido de los bloqueadoresde los receptores de angiotensina (BRA) (34,9%), diuréticos (34,2%) y bloqueadores β (16,2 %).Los pacientes en monoterapia fueron la mayoría recibiendo CCB (34,3%) e IECA (29,9%). La mayoría(55,03%) de los pacientes tratados se encontraban en regímenes de múltiples fármacos. En los pacientes con enfermedad de la arteria coronaria (CAD), se les prescribió con mayor frecuencia diurético con IECA (25%) y bloqueador de canales de calcio con bloqueador del receptor de angiotensina (25%).Conclusiones. Los patrones de utilización de antihipertensivos fueron generalmente consistentes con las directrices internacionales. Las áreas de mejora incluyen el aumento de IECA / ARB y el uso de diuréticos, disminuyendo el número de pacientes no tratados, y el aumento de la proporción de pacientes con PA controlada en esta población

Mechanical properties of phormium tenax reinforced natural rubber composites

The introduction of natural fibers as a filler in a natural rubber (NR) matrix can be of relevance for their eco-friendly and sustainable nature as the substitute for carbon-based fillers. In this work, short Phormium tenax fibers were introduced in random orientation into a NR matrix in different lengths (6, 10, and 14 mm) and various amounts (10, 20, and 30%, taking 100 as the NR weight). The composite was fabricated using a two-roll mill according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D3184-11 standard. Several properties were determined, namely tensile and tear characteristics, hardness, and abrasion resistance. The results suggest that the shortest fiber length used, 6 mm, offered the best combination between loss of mechanical (tensile and tear) properties and hardness and the most acceptable resistance to abrasion, with the properties increasing with the amount of fibers present in NR. As a consequence, it is indicated that a higher amount of fibers could be possibly introduced, especially to achieve harder composites, though this would require a more controlled mixing process not excessively reducing tensile elongation at break

Effects of fiber loadings and lengths on mechanical properties of Sansevieria Cylindrica fiber reinforced natural rubber biocomposites

© 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/In this present investigation, Sansevieria cylindrica fiber was used as a reinforcement in a natural rubber matrix. Various biocomposite samples with different fiber contents (lengths and loadings) were fabricated, using compression molding process and vulcanizing technique by maintaining the temperature around 150 °C. From the results obtained, mechanical properties: tensile strength, modulus elongation at break and tear strength of 10.44 MPa, 2.36 MPa, 627.59% and 34.99 N respectively, were obtained from the optimum composite sample with length and loading of 6 mm and 20 wt% composition, respectively. The maximum hardness was observed at 76.85 Shore A from the composite sample of 6 mm and 40 wt%. The optimum properties can be attributed to the presence of strong interfacial adhesion between the Sansevieria cylindrica fiber and the natural rubber matrix. The mechanisms of failure of the biocomposites at their interfaces were examined and analyzed, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micrographs obtained from SEM further confirmed that the Sansevieria cylindrica fibers were surrounded with more amount of natural rubber which can exhibit strong interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. The optimal composites of this work can be used in general, abrasion resistant conveyor belt.Peer reviewe

Association between Diabetes Consequences and Quality of Life among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in the Aseer Province of Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health-care burden worldwide. AIM: The aim of the study was to explore how the quality of life (QoL) of DM patients could be affected in the Aseer Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: A cross-sectional, multicenter study in DM patients of both sexes and all age groups in Aseer Province were done using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted between April 1, 2018 and November 25, 2018. RESULTS: A total of 418 patients completed our questionnaire, of which 240 (58%) were male and 178 (42%) were female. Furthermore, 50.23% were married and 104 (24.16%) were illiterate. We found that 403 (96.42%) respondents had type-2 DM and 315 (75.35%) had a family history of DM. In addition, 132 (31.57%) respondents were on monotherapy whereas only 61 (14.59%) were using combination therapy. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity (166, 39.71%) and peripheral neuropathy the most prevalent complication of DM (157, 37.56%). CONCLUSION: DM had a significant impact on QoL among patients from Aseer Province in KSA. Our study underscores the importance of generating data on QoL among DM patients

A categorical framework of manufacturing for industry 4.0 and beyond

AbstractWith rapid advancements in industry, technology and applications, many concepts have emerged in manufacturing. It is generally known that the far-sighted term ‘Industry 4.0’ was published to highlight a new industrial revolution. Many manufacturing organizations and companies are researching this topic. However, the achievement criteria of Industry 4.0 are as yet uncertain. In addition, the technology roadmap of accomplishing Industry 4.0 is still not clear in industry nor in academia to date. This paper focuses on the fundamental conception of Industry 4.0 and the state of current manufacturing systems. It also identifies the research gaps between current manufacturing systems and Industry 4.0 requirements. The major contribution is an implementation structure of Industry 4.0, consisting of a multi-layered framework is described, and is shown how it can assist people in understanding and achieving the requirements of Industry 4.0

Use of eco-friendly epoxy resins from renewable resources as potential substitutes of petrochemical epoxy resins for ambient cured composites with flax reinforcements

[EN] In the last years, some high renewable content epoxy resins, derived from vegetable oils, have been developed at industrial level and are now commercially available; these can compete with petroleum-based resins as thermoset matrices for composite materials. Nevertheless, due to the relatively high cost in comparison to petroleum-based resins, their use is still restricted to applications with relatively low volume consumption such as model making, tuning components, nautical parts, special effects, outdoor sculptures, etc. in which, the use of composite laminates with carbon, aramid and, mainly, glass fibers is generalized by using hand layup and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) techniques due to low manufacturing costs and easy implementation. In this work, we study the behavior of two high renewable content epoxy resins derived from vegetable oils as potential substitutes of petroleum-based epoxies in composite laminates with flax reinforcements by using the VARTM technique. The curing behavior of the different epoxy resins is compared in terms of the gel point and exothermicity profile by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, overall performance of flax-epoxy composites is compared with standardized mechanical (tensile, flexural and impact) and thermal (Vicat softening temperature, heat deflection temperature, thermo-mechanical analysis) tests. The curing DSC profiles of the two eco-friendly epoxy resins are similar to a conventional epoxy resin. They can be easily handled and processed by conventional VARTM process thus leading to composite laminates with flax with balanced mechanical and thermal properties, similar or even higher to a multipurpose epoxy resin. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.This work is part of the project IPT-310000-2010-037, "ECOTEXCOMP: Research and development of textile structures useful as reinforcement of composite materials with marked ecological character" funded by the "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion", with an aid of 189540.20 euros, within the "Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e InnovacionTecnologica 2008-2011" and funded by the European Union through FEDER funds, Technology Fund 2007-2013, Operational Programme on R+D+i for and on behalf of the companies."Bertomeu Perelló, D.; García Sanoguera, D.; Fenollar Gimeno, OÁ.; Boronat Vitoria, T.; Balart Gimeno, RA. (2012). 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Review of natural fibre-reinforced hybrid composites

Natural fibre-reinforced hybrid composites which contain one or more types of natural reinforcement are gaining increasing research interest. This paper presents a review of natural fibre-reinforced hybrid composites. Both thermoplastic and thermoset composites reinforced by hybrid/synthetic fibres or hybrid/hybrid fibres are reviewed. The properties of natural fibres, the properties and processing of composites are summarised

Evaluation of mechanical properties of coconut shell particle/vinyl ester composite based on the untreated and treated conditions

The aim of the present communication is to study the effects of the addition of the untreated and treated coconut shell particles on the mechanical properties of vinyl ester composites. Composite plates were prepared by hand lay-up technique with the six different content (5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 wt%) of the coconut shell particles. Mechanical properties such as, tensile, flexural, and impact, of the coconut shell particle/vinyl ester composites were determined and compared at both the untreated and treated conditions based on the content of the coconut shell particles. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the composites have increased with the addition of the coconut shell particles up to 35 wt% and then dropped at both the conditions. The treated composites show the high level of mechanical property values compared to the untreated composites. The optimum particle content to get the best combination of mechanical properties is 35 wt% in this composite. The fractographic studies were carried out to understand the failure of the composites. To understand the chemical compatibility between the particle and the matrix in the composite at both the untreated and treated conditions, the Pukanszky’s model was used and correlated with the experimental results