Halal and kosher slaughter methods and meat quality: a review

There are many slaughter procedures that religions and cultures use around the world. The two that are commercially relevant are the halal and kosher methods practiced by Muslims and Jews respectively. The global trade in red meat and poultry produced using these two methods is substantial, thus the importance of the quality of the meat produced using the methods. Halal and kosher slaughter per se should not affect meat quality more than their industrial equivalents, however, some of their associated pre- and post-slaughter processes do. For instance, the slow decline in blood pressure following a halal pre-slaughter head-only stun and neck cut causes blood splash (ecchymosis) in a range of muscles and organs of slaughtered livestock. Other quality concerns include bruising, hemorrhages, skin discoloration and broken bones particularly in poultry. In addition to these conventional quality issues, the “spiritual quality” of the meat can also be affected when the halal and kosher religious requirements are not fully met during the slaughter process. The nature, causes, importance and mitigations of these and other quality issues related to halal and kosher slaughtering and meat production using these methods are the subjects of this review

Measuring electrochemical noise of a single working electrode for assessing corrosion resistance of polymer coated metals

Electrochemical noise measurement (ENM) of the spontaneous perturbation of current and potential of coated samples immersed in electrolyte determines the resistance of the coating system. ENM offers several advantages: the measurement is relatively simple to make, it is completely non-interfering with the natural process occurring on the surface and the data are simple to interpret. The original standard arrangement for ENM using a pair of samples has limitations for practical applications because two separate and nominally identical working electrodes are needed and this requirement is very hard (if not impossible) to fulfil in on-site application. This paper describes an alternative approach for electrochemical noise measurement to measure the noise resistance (R n) of protective coatings based on use of just one working electrode. In this so-called "Single Cell" (SC) arrangement the electrochemical noise current and electrochemical noise potential between the working electrode and a non-noisy reference electrode is measured separately and consecutively. This new approach has been tested for a range of coating resistances. Also, the coating's resistance has been measured using DC resistance and EIS (at low frequency) and the results were compared with the Rn obtained from the single cell (SC) set up. © 2014 Elsevier B.V

Evaluation of the occurrence of sexual dysfunction and general quality of life in female patients with psoriasis

Background: Psoriasis has a significant impact on quality of life (QoL). Sexual life can also be affected, with sexual dysfunction being reported by 25-70% of patients. Objectives: To determine the occurrence of sexual dysfunction and evaluate QoL in women with psoriasis. Methods: This case-control study included women aged 18-69 years. The validated Brazilian Portuguese versions of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were administered to all participants to assess sexual function and QoL, respectively. Patients with psoriasis underwent clinical evaluation for the presence of comorbidities, especially psoriatic arthritis and other rheumatic manifestations. Location of lesions and the extent of skin involvement were also assessed. Results: The sample consisted of 150 women, 75 with diagnosis of psoriasis and 75 healthy controls. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction was high in women with psoriasis (58.6% of the sample). Prevalence was statistically higher in women with psoriasis than in controls (P = 0.014). The SF-36 domain scores were also lower in women with psoriasis, with role limitations due to physical health, limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health being the most affected domains. Study limitations: Sample size was calculated to evaluate the association between the occurrence of sexual dysfunction and psoriasis, but it did not include the determination of the possible causes of this dysfunction. Conclusions: QoL and sexual function were altered in women with psoriasis and should be taken into consideration when assessing disease severity

A critical review of electrochemical noise measurement as a tool for evaluation of organic coatings

The simplicity of measuring equipment and versatility of data analysis makes electrochemical noise measurement an ideal technique for acquiring electrochemical information about the corrosion behavior of a painted metal relatively quickly. Hence the method has great potential for use in the laboratory as well as in field situations. However, special care must be taken in choosing data acquisition parameters, reference electrodes and symmetry of electrodes in order to achieve reproducible measurements. These areas have been discussed in this review along with methods of data analysis, alternative electrode configurations for on-site measurements and novel applications of the technique