184 research outputs found
Monitoring morphological changes in 2D monolayer semiconductors using atom-thick plasmonic nanocavities
This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License.-- et al.Nanometer-sized gaps between plasmonically coupled adjacent metal nanoparticles enclose extremely localized optical fields, which are strongly enhanced. This enables the dynamic investigation of nanoscopic amounts of material in the gap using optical interrogation. Here we use impinging light to directly tune the optical resonances inside the plasmonic nanocavity formed between single gold nanoparticles and a gold surface, filled with only yoctograms of semiconductor. The gold faces are separated by either monolayers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) or two-unit-cell thick cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoplatelets. This extreme confinement produces modes with 100-fold compressed wavelength, which are exquisitely sensitive to morphology. Infrared scattering spectroscopy reveals how such nanoparticle-on-mirror modes directly trace atomic-scale changes in real time. Instabilities observed in the facets are crucial for applications such as heat-assisted magnetic recording that demand long-lifetime nanoscale plasmonic structures, but the spectral sensitivity also allows directly tracking photochemical reactions in these 2-dimensional solids.This work was supported by the UK EPSRC grants EP/G060649/1, EP/L027151/1, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), and ERC grant 320503 LINASS. C.T. and J.A. acknowledge financial support from Project FIS2013-41184-P from MINECO, ETORTEK 2014-15 of the Basque Department of Industry and IT756-13 from the Basque consolidated groups.Peer Reviewe
Threading plasmonic nanoparticle strings with light
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.-- et al.Nanomaterials find increasing application in communications, renewable energies, electronics and sensing. Because of its unsurpassed speed and highly tuneable interaction with matter, using light to guide the self-assembly of nanomaterials can open up novel technological frontiers. However, large-scale light-induced assembly remains challenging. Here we demonstrate an efficient route to nano-assembly through plasmon-induced laser threading of gold nanoparticle strings, producing conducting threads 12±2nm wide. This precision is achieved because the nanoparticles are first chemically assembled into chains with rigidly controlled separations of 0.9nm primed for re-sculpting. Laser-induced threading occurs on a large scale in water, tracked via a new optical resonance in the near-infrared corresponding to a hybrid chain/rod-like charge transfer plasmon. The nano-thread width depends on the chain mode resonances, the nanoparticle size, the chain length and the peak laser power, enabling nanometre-scale tuning of the optical and conducting properties of such nanomaterials.We acknowledge financial support from EPSRC grants EP/G060649/1, EP/K028510/1
and EP/L027151/1, ERC grants LINASS 320503 and ASPiRe 240629, and project
FIS2010-19609-C02-01 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
J.S.B. acknowledges the School of Physical Science, University of Cambridge, for the
funding of the transmission electron microscope. S.K. acknowledges funding from the
Biochemical Society (Krebs Memorial Scholarship) and the Cambridge Commonwealth
Trust.Peer Reviewe
Plasmon assisted Nd3+-based solid-state nanolaser
Solid-state lasers constitute essential tools in a variety of scientific and technological areas, being available in many different designs. However, although nanolasing has been successfully achieved for dyes and semiconductor gain media associated with plasmonic structures, the operation of solid-state lasers beyond the diffraction limit has not been reported yet. Here, we demonstrate room temperature laser action with subwavelength confinement in a Nd3+-based solid-state laser by means of the localized surface plasmon resonances supported by chains of metallic nanoparticles. We show a 50% reduction of the pump power at threshold and a remarkable 15-fold improvement of the slope efficiency with respect to the bulk laser operation. The results can be extended to the large diversity of solid-state lasers with the subsequent impact on their applicationsThis work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under projects MAT2013-43301-R and FIS2013-41184-P and Comunidad de Madrid under grant S2013/MIT-2740
Threading plasmonic nanoparticle strings with light.
Nanomaterials find increasing application in communications, renewable energies, electronics and sensing. Because of its unsurpassed speed and highly tuneable interaction with matter, using light to guide the self-assembly of nanomaterials can open up novel technological frontiers. However, large-scale light-induced assembly remains challenging. Here we demonstrate an efficient route to nano-assembly through plasmon-induced laser threading of gold nanoparticle strings, producing conducting threads 12±2 nm wide. This precision is achieved because the nanoparticles are first chemically assembled into chains with rigidly controlled separations of 0.9 nm primed for re-sculpting. Laser-induced threading occurs on a large scale in water, tracked via a new optical resonance in the near-infrared corresponding to a hybrid chain/rod-like charge transfer plasmon. The nano-thread width depends on the chain mode resonances, the nanoparticle size, the chain length and the peak laser power, enabling nanometre-scale tuning of the optical and conducting properties of such nanomaterials.This is the published version of the article. It was published by NPG in Nature Communications and can be found on the journal website here: http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140728/ncomms5568/full/ncomms5568.html
Monitoring morphological changes in 2D monolayer semiconductors using atom-thick plasmonic nanocavities.
Nanometer-sized gaps between plasmonically coupled adjacent metal nanoparticles enclose extremely localized optical fields, which are strongly enhanced. This enables the dynamic investigation of nanoscopic amounts of material in the gap using optical interrogation. Here we use impinging light to directly tune the optical resonances inside the plasmonic nanocavity formed between single gold nanoparticles and a gold surface, filled with only yoctograms of semiconductor. The gold faces are separated by either monolayers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) or two-unit-cell thick cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoplatelets. This extreme confinement produces modes with 100-fold compressed wavelength, which are exquisitely sensitive to morphology. Infrared scattering spectroscopy reveals how such nanoparticle-on-mirror modes directly trace atomic-scale changes in real time. Instabilities observed in the facets are crucial for applications such as heat-assisted magnetic recording that demand long-lifetime nanoscale plasmonic structures, but the spectral sensitivity also allows directly tracking photochemical reactions in these 2-dimensional solids.This work was supported by the UK EPSRC grant EP/G060649/1, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), and ERC grant 320503 LINASS.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from ACS via http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn5064198
Plasmonic enhancement of second harmonic generation from nonlinear RbTiOPO4 crystals by aggregates of silver nanostructures
We demonstrate a 60–fold enhancement of the second harmonic generation (SHG) response at the nanoscale in a hybrid metal-dielectric system. By using complex silver nanostructures photochemically deposited on the polar surface of a ferroelectric crystal, we tune the plasmonic resonances from the visible to the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region, matching either the SH or the fundamental frequency. In both cases the SHG signal at the metal-dielectric interface is enhanced, although with substantially different enhancement values: around 5 times when the plasmonic resonance is at the SH frequency or up to 60 times when it matches the fundamental NIR radiation. The results are consistent with the more spatially-extended near-field response of complex metallic nanostructures and can be well explained by taking into account the quadratic character of the SHG process. The work points out the potential of aggregates of silver nanostructures for enhancing optical nonlinearities at the nanoscale and provides an alternative approach for the development of nanometric nonlinear photonic devices in a scalable way.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under projects MAT2013-43301-R, FIS2013-41184-P, MAT2013-47395-C4-4-R and TEC2014-55948-R. The authors also acknowledge Comunidad de Madrid under grant S2013/MIT-2740, Dept. of Industry of the Basque Country under project nanoGUNE’14, and Catalan Authority under project 2014SGF1358. F.D. acknowledges additional support through the ICREA Academia awards 2010ICREA-02 for excellence in research. LSG acknowledges FPU13/02476 grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education.Peer reviewe
DNA metabarcoding and spatial modelling link diet diversification with distribution homogeneity in European bats
Inferences of the interactions between species’ ecological niches and spatial distribution have
been historically based on simple metrics such as low-resolution dietary breadth and range
size, which might have impeded the identification of meaningful links between niche features
and spatial patterns. We analysed the relationship between dietary niche breadth and spatial
distribution features of European bats, by combining continent-wide DNA metabarcoding of
faecal samples with species distribution modelling. Our results show that while range size is
not correlated with dietary features of bats, the homogeneity of the spatial distribution of
species exhibits a strong correlation with dietary breadth. We also found that dietary breadth
is correlated with bats’ hunting flexibility. However, these two patterns only stand when the
phylogenetic relations between prey are accounted for when measuring dietary breadth. Our
results suggest that the capacity to exploit different prey types enables species to thrive in
more distinct environments and therefore exhibit more homogeneous distributions within
their rangesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Optical response of threaded chain plasmons: from capacitive chains to continuous nanorods.
We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the optical response of threaded plasmonic nanoparticle strings, chains of metallic nanoparticles connected by cylindrical metallic bridges (threads), based on full-electrodynamic calculations. The extinction spectra of these complex metallic nanostructures are dominated by large resonances in the near infrared, which are associated with charge transfer along the entire string. By analysing contour plots of the electric field amplitude and phase we show that such strings can be interpreted as an intermediate situation between metallic nanoparticle chains and metallic nanorods, exhibiting characteristics of both. Modifying the dielectric environment, the number of nanoparticles within the strings, and the dimensions of the threads, allows for tuning the optical response of the strings within a very broad region in the visible and near infrared.CT and JA acknowledge financial support from Project FIS2013-41184-P of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), project ETORTEK 2014-15 of the Department of Industry of the Basque Government, and from the Department of Education of the Basque Government, IT756-13 of consolidated groups. LOH, VKV, and JJB acknowledge financial support from EPSRC grants EP/K028510/1, EP/G060649/1, EP/H007024/1,
EP/L027151/1 and ERC LINASS 320503
Grapevine nutritional status and K concentration of must under future expected climatic conditions texturally different soils
Nutrition is a relevant issue for winegrowers because it influences grapevine growth, berry composition, as well as must and wine quality. In this research, the following impacts on the nutritional status of cv. Tempranillo grapevines were evaluated: simulated 2100 expected CO2, temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) conditions (FCC; 700 µmol CO2/mol air, 28/18°C day/night and 33/53% RH, day/night) vs. current CO2, T and RH conditions (Curr; 390 µmol CO2/mol air, 24/14°C and 45/65% RH); well-watered (WW) vs. future expected water deficit (WD); and three texturally different soils with different clay contents (41, 19 and 8%). FCC resulted in reduced concentrations in leaf blades of N and Ca at veraison and N and Zn at full maturity. WD resulted in higher leaf blade Na and Mn concentrations at veraison and maturity, respectively compared to WW. However, K concentrations in the leaves and must were higher for WW than WD. Higher concentrations of Ca and Mn were found in leaf blades of grapevines sampled at full maturity from more clayey soils. Even when nutrient inputs exceeded plant extractions, high soil clay content increased the K concentration in must and consequently, could affect wine quality in terms of acidity loss. However, future expected water stress will have the opposite effect, reducing the berry K uptake under high soil clay (41%) conditions
The role of the gut microbiota in the dietary niche expansion of fishing bats
This is the final version. Available from BMC via the DOI in this record. Availability of data and materials:
The raw data have been deposited at the NCBI SRA database under the project accession number PRJEB47836. Bioinformatics pipelines used to process
the sequence data and generate count tables are available at https://github.
com/ostaizka/fishing- bats.Background: Due to its central role in animal nutrition, the gut microbiota is likely a relevant factor shaping dietary
niche shifts. We analysed both the impact and contribution of the gut microbiota to the dietary niche expansion of
the only four bat species that have incorporated fish into their primarily arthropodophage diet.
Results: We first compared the taxonomic and functional features of the gut microbiota of the four piscivorous
bats to that of 11 strictly arthropodophagous species using 16S rRNA targeted amplicon sequencing. Second, we
increased the resolution of our analyses for one of the piscivorous bat species, namely Myotis capaccinii, and analysed
multiple populations combining targeted approaches with shotgun sequencing. To better understand the origin of
gut microorganisms, we also analysed the gut microbiota of their fish prey (Gambusia holbrooki). Our analyses showed
that piscivorous bats carry a characteristic gut microbiota that differs from that of their strict arthropodophagous
counterparts, in which the most relevant bacteria have been directly acquired from their fish prey. This characteristic
microbiota exhibits enrichment of genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis, as well as complex carbohydrate and lipid
metabolism, likely providing their hosts with an enhanced capacity to metabolise the glycosphingolipids and longchain fatty acids that are particularly abundant in fish.
Conclusions: Our results depict the gut microbiota as a relevant element in facilitating the dietary transition from
arthropodophagy to piscivory.The Carlsberg Foundation’s Distinguished Postdoctoral FellowshipDanish National Research FoundationVillum Fonden GrantLundbeckfonden GrantDanish Council for Independent Research GrantConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologÃ
- …